【英语】上海市静安区2020届高三一模考试试题（解析版）

【英语】上海市静安区2020届高三一模考试试题（解析版）

上海市静安区2020届高三一模考试 英语试题 Ⅰ. Grammar and Vocabulary ‎ Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ How Do Avalanches Happen If you’re ever skiing in the mountains, you’ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche ___1___ (vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.‎ Avalanches ___2___ be caused by natural things. For example, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avalanches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives ___3___ (know) to lead to avalanches.‎ Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring, ___4___ snowfall is greatest. As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns. Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict — and often prevent — avalanches from _______5_______‎ ‎ (occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls, experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places ___6___ massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don’t pose a danger to persons or property.‎ When deadly avalanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. ___7___ it’s possible to dig out of such avalanches, not all are able to escape.‎ If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself ___8___ (bury) under many feet of snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and ‎ digging ___9___ farther under the snow rather than to the top!‎ Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche try to dig around you ____10____ (create) a space for air, so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers.‎ ‎【答案】1. will vary / varies 2. can 3. have been known / are known 4. when 5. occurring 6. with 7. While/Though/Although 8. buried 9. themselves 10. to create ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了雪崩是怎样发生的及如何在雪崩中逃生。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：雪崩中的雪量因许多因素而不同，但雪量可能非常大，以至于可以将斜坡的底部埋在几十英尺深的雪中。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是The amount of snow，谓语动词用第三人称单数，也可用一般将来时，表示“会、将会”，故填will vary / varies。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：雪崩可能是自然因素造成的。空后是动词原形，此处需要填情态动词，根据“Artificial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avalanches.”可知此处表示“能、可能”，故填can。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查时态语态。句意：例如，众所周知，雪地车、滑雪者和炸药会导致雪崩。snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives 与know之间是被动关系，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，也可理解成过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数，故填have been known / are known。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查非限定性定语从句。句意：雪崩通常发生在冬季和春季，那时降雪量最大。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为the winter and spring，指时间，关系词在从句中做时间状语，故填when。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：预警信号存在，使专家能够预测——并经常防止雪崩的发生。prevent sth from doing表示“防止某事发生”，故填occurring。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：在有大量积雪的地方可以使用炸药来引发较小的雪崩，不会对人或财产造成危险。分析句子结构可知此处填介词，根据句意可知此处表示“具有”，故填with。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然从雪崩中逃生是可能的，但并不是所有人都能逃脱。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，此处表示“尽管、虽然”，故填While/Though/Although。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你被雪崩抛来抛去，发现自己被埋在许多英尺厚的雪下，你可能无法真正知道哪条路是向上的，哪条路是向下的。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，yourself与burry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做宾语补足语，故填buried。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：一些雪崩受害者试图挖出他们的出路，却发现他们是颠倒的，在雪下挖得更深，而不是在顶部。dig oneself +介词（短语）表示“挖洞使自己……”，根据“they”可知此处指“他们自己”，故填themselves。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：专家建议，被雪崩困住的人尽量在你周围挖掘，为空气创造一个空间，这样你就能更轻松地呼吸。此处表示目的，用不定式做目的状语，故填to create。‎ Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ Founding Father of China’s Nuclear Program Under the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Tready（不扩散核武器条约）, only five countries are considered to be “nuclear - weapon states.” China is one of them. This military achievement would have been ___11___ without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of China’s nuclear weapon programs.‎ Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly - ‎ founded People’s Republic of China with ___12___ physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.‎ From 1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working ___13___ with a team of young scientists on the development of China’s first atomic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet government tore up its ___14___ with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to ___15___ the mysterious power of atomic physics.‎ There was ridicule（嘲笑）following the ___16___ of the Soviet experts that China wouldn’t be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years. Deng said to his colleagues, “It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, and it is worth our ___17___ to this cause.”‎ As the leader of China’s atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the ___18___ foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development.‎ Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was ___19___ in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two years and eight months on development.‎ Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist was ___20___, and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 other scientists, he was awarded the special prize of “Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal” for his contribution to Chinese military science.‎ ‎【答案】11. K 12. F 13. A 14. C 15. G 16. I 17. E 18. B ‎ ‎19. D 20. H ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了“两弹元勋”邓稼先为中国核武器做出的杰出贡献。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：如果没有中国核武器计划的主要组织者邓稼先的贡献，这一军事成就是难以想象的。此处缺少形容词做表语，根据“without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of China’s nuclear weapon programs.”可知此处表示“难以想象的”，故填K。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：刚毕业9天，当时26岁的他就带着先进的物理知识回到了新成立的中华人民共和国。修饰名词physics knowledge用形容词，根据“Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later.”可知此处表示“先进的”，故填F。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：从1958年开始，邓稼先花了20多年的时间与一个年轻科学家团队秘密合作，研制了中国第一颗原子弹和氢弹。修饰动词working用副词，根据常识可知，在新中国刚刚成立的时候研制核武器是要秘密进行的，此处表示“秘密地”，故填A。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：然而，不久之后，苏联政府撕毁了与中国的协议，撤走了所有专家。做动词短语tore up的宾语用名词，根据“removed all its experts”可知此处表示“协议”，故填C。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：为了解开原子物理学的神秘力量，邓稼先不得不带领平均年龄23岁的28人小组执行任务。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“the mysterious power of atomic physics.”可知此处表示“解开”，故填G。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意苏联专家走后，有人嘲笑中国在20年内无法制造原子弹。做following的宾语用名词，上文说苏联撕毁了协议，从中国撤走了所有的专家，因此此处表示“撤走”，故填I。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：邓稼先对他的同事们说：“发展核武器符合中国人民的利益，我们必须甘愿做一辈子无名英雄，值得冒着受苦受难的风险，值得我们为这一事业献身”。be worth后接名词或动名词，根据“We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering,”可知此处表示“献身”，故填E。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：作为中国原子弹设计的带头人，邓稼先亲自授课，并组织团队翻译学习相关外语材料。修饰名词foreign language materials用形容词，根据常识可知，中国自己研制原子弹需要参考相关的材料，此处表示“相关的”，故填B。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：他们立即开始设计1967年试验的氢弹。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据常识可知，中国的第一颗氢弹是1967年试验的，因此此处表示“试验”，which指代先行词the hydrogen bomb与之是被动关系，此处需要填过去分词，故填D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：在他生命的最后一个月，这位伟大科学家28年的秘密经历被揭露，他的名声开始在中国传播。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“and his reputation began to spread throughout China.”可知此处表示“揭露”，the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist与之是被动关系，用的是被动语态，此处填过去分词，故填H。‎ Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension ‎ Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is Crucial With consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns, how to you convince shoppers to buy your narrative（叙述）, let alone your product?‎ A recent report by Trust-Radius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors（供应商）, may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that it may actually benefit brands to be painfully ___21___ about their products.‎ Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics（策略）is increasing. ___22___ according to the report, most consumers trust online peer ___23___ as much as recommendations from friends — and well above company advertising message. Feedback from everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more ___24___ than a brand ambassador （大使）from an out-of-reach personality.‎ Transparency（透明度）is crucial The report found that there is a large trust ___25___ between vendors and buyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers don’t appear to see it. During the sales process, for example, 85 percent of vendors — ___26___ to be open about their product’s limitations during the sales process — but only 36 percent of buyers ‎ share that same view. The reality is, consumers don’t expect any products to be ___27___ — they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can ___28___ the options that are best for them. They also want brands to be more ___29___. 66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an individual.‎ Along with the combination of take news, advertising fraud, and data leaks, there have been fake reviews as well. Review sites have been ___30___ giving preferential（优惠的）treatment to paid advertisers, and consumers are increasingly discerning（有辨别力的）, as a result. ___31___, review sites are not our only source of peer reviews, with social media providing customer experiences on a second - to - second basis. When brands treat every ___32___ with a customer as a potential review, they’ll start paying more attention to detail, and being alert to delivering a valued and memorable experience every time. Taking feedback seriously also lets current customers feel valued and respected and makes your business seem more approachable. This helps secure ___33___, and often, these customers will become brand ambassadors to their friends, family and people they meet online.‎ The challenge for brands today is determining how to use the ___34___ of the consumer to their advantage. In an age of cutting - edge technology, artificial intelligence, and self-service customer care, it’s odd to acknowledge that the best way to build trust with your customers is by holding an open ___35___ with your customers. Being more human, transparent, and listening to what people are saying will see your company thrive in an era marked by consumer suspicion.‎ ‎21. A. nervous B. honest C. careful D. particular ‎22. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Moreover D. However ‎23. A. reviews B. reactions C. experiences D. instructions ‎24. A. weight B. risks C. warnings D. burdens ‎25. A. relationship B. influence C. gap D. extension ‎26. A. refuse B. hesitate C. desire D. claim ‎27. A. advanced B. perfect C. remarkable D. unique ‎28. A. consider B. offer C. select D. exercise ‎29. A. efficient B. profitable C. human D. responsible ‎30. A. associated with B. mistaken by C. praised as D. criticized for ‎31. A. On the contrary B. In fact C. By contrast D. In a word ‎32. A. cooperation B. complaint C. interaction D. appointment ‎33. A. safety B. loyalty C. convenience D. employment ‎34. A. money B. choice C. habit D. voice ‎35. A. dialogue B. debate C. competition D. contract ‎【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在到处充斥着虚假新闻的时代，卖家与消费者建立信任至关重要，最佳方式是与消费者进行公开对话。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，对自己的产品保持诚实是令人痛苦的，这实际上可能会使你的品牌受益。A. nervous紧张的；B. honest诚实的；C. careful仔细的；D. particular挑剔的。上文提到随着消费者对网络广告和隐私问题越来越失望，该如何说服消费者购买你的产品呢？再结合下文的介绍可知，对自己的产品保持诚实会让你的品牌受益，故B项正确。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，根据该报告，大多数消费者对在线同行评议和朋友推荐的信任远高于公司的广告信息。A. Instead相反；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover此外；D. However然而。空前说消费者对影响者营销策略的认知正在提高，此处对前面进行补充说明，与之是并列关系，用moreover引出需要补充的内容，故C项正确。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reviews评论、评议；B. reactions反应；C. experiences经历；D. instructions指示。根据空后“as much as recommendations from friends”可知此处指“同行评议”，故A项正确。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看起来，来自普通人的反馈实际上比一个难以企及的品牌大使更有分量。A. weight重量、重要性；B. risks风险；C. warnings警告；D. burdens负担。上文说大多数消费者对在线同行评议和朋友推荐的信任远高于公司的广告信息，因此普通人的反馈似乎比一个品牌大使更有分量，故A项正确。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：报告发现，供应商和买家之间存在很大的信任鸿沟。A. relationship关系；B. influence影响；C. gap间隙、缺口；D. extension延伸。空后说虽然供应商认为他们是透明的，但大多数买家并没有看到，这说明供应商和买家之间存在很大的信任鸿沟，故C项正确。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然供应商认为他们是透明的，但大多数买家似乎看不到。例如，在销售过程中，85%的供应商——声称在销售过程中对产品的局限性持开放态度——但只有36%的买家持同样的观点。A. refuse拒绝；B. hesitate犹豫；C. desire渴望；D. claim声称。‎ 供应商认为自己是透明的，自然会声称在销售过程中对产品的局限性持开放态度，故D项正确。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实是，消费者并不期望任何产品都是完美的——他们只想在购买产品时睁大眼睛，这样他们就可以选择最适合自己的产品。A. advanced先进的；B. perfect完美的；C. remarkable值得注意的；D. unique独一无二的。根据空后的“— they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can ______ the options that are best for them.”可知，消费者并不期望任何产品都是完美的，他们只是想选择最适合自己的产品，故B项正确。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. consider考虑；B. offer提供；C. select 选择；D. exercise练习。消费者在购物时睁大眼睛自然是为了挑选出最适合自己的产品，故C项正确。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们也希望品牌更人性化。A. efficient有效率的；B. profitable有利可图的；C. human人性化；D. responsible负责的。空后说66%的消费者表示如果他们觉得自己被当作一个数字而不是个人对待，他们就会离开这个品牌公司，这说明他们希望品牌更加人性化，故C项正确。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：评论网站因给予付费广告商优惠待遇而受到批评，消费者的辨别能力也越来越强。A. be associated with和……联系在一起；B. be mistaken by被误认为；C. be praised as被誉为；D. be criticized for因……而受批评。根据空后的“giving preferential ‎（优惠的）treatment to paid advertisers”可知，评论网站因给予付费广告商优惠待遇而受到消费者的批评，故D项正确。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，评论网站并不是我们同行评论的唯一渠道。A. On the contrary相反地；B. In fact事实上；C. By contrast相比之下；D. In a word简言之。空后说社交媒体为客户提供实时的体验， 因此事实上，评论网站并不是我们获得同行评议的唯一渠道，故B项正确。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当品牌将与顾客的每一次互动都视为潜在的评价时，他们就会开始更加关注细节，并时刻注意提供有价值且令人难忘的体验。A. cooperation合作；B. complaint抱怨；C. interaction互动；D. appointment约定。根据空后的“with a customer as a potential review”可知，此处是说把与顾客的每一次互动都当作一个潜在的评价，故C项正确。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有助于确保客户的忠实度，而且这些客户通常会成为他们的朋友、家人和他们在网上认识的人的品牌大使。A. safety安全性；B. loyalty忠实、忠诚；C. convenience便利；D. employment职业。认真对待反馈还可以让当前的客户感到受到重视和尊重，并使你的业务看起来更加平易近人，其结果自然是有助于确保客户对品牌的忠实度，故B项正确。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，各大品牌面临的挑战是，如何利用消费者的声音为自己服务。A. money金钱；B. choice选择；C. habit习惯；D. voice声音。根据上文内容可知，在社交媒体时代，普通人的反馈比品牌大使更有分量，因此如何利用消费者的声音为自己服务是当下各大品牌面临的一大挑战，故D项正确。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个技术前沿、人工智能和自助服务客户的时代，承认与客户建立信任的最佳方式是与客户进行公开对话是很奇怪的。A. dialogue对话；B. debate辩论；C. competition竞争；D. contract联系。空后说更有人情味、更透明、更愿意倾听别人的意见，将会让你的公司在一个消费者怀疑的时代蓬勃发展，因此此处指“与客户进行公开对话”，故A项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇第9空难度较大，抓住空后的举例是关键，根据空后的“66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an individual.”可知，66%的消费者表示如果他们觉得自己被当作一个数字而不是个人对待，他们就会离开这个品牌公司，这说明他们希望品牌更加人性化，故C项（human）正确。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ As humanity has got richer, animal’s roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.‎ The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures — such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions — have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.‎ The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes.‎ In the business this is called “pet humanisation” — the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to — in America — Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.‎ People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?‎ ‎36. Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. People’s needs for animal services are decreasing.‎ B. Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.‎ C. Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious.‎ D. Pet foods are more various and customized than before.‎ ‎37. Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?”‎ A. The names given to pets in American families nowadays.‎ B. Pet’s inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.‎ C. Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping.‎ D. Pet’s roles as both working staff and companions.‎ ‎38. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?‎ A. Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.‎ B. Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.‎ C. Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world.‎ D. Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.‎ ‎39. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?‎ A. The Changing Roles of Animals B. The Urge for Pet-keeping C. Who Owns Whom D. Love Me, Love My Dog ‎【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇议论文，主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为了宠物的奴隶。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions.”可知，人们仍然认为宠物必须以某种方式为人类工作，使人们更健康或更少焦虑，但这方面的证据并不充分，相反，新的研究表明狗狗进化出了那些不可抗拒的眼神，正是为了影响人类的情绪，因此“宠物越来越让主人不那么焦虑”这一说法是错误的，故C项正确。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the business this is called “pet humanisation” — the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to — in America — Bella, Lucy and Max.”可知，在这个行业中，这被称为“宠物人性化”——宠物主人将宠物视为家庭的一部分的趋势，这一点在给狗起的名字中很明显，狗的名字从菲多、雷克斯和斯波特演变成——在美国的贝拉、露西和麦克斯，因此，现在美国家庭给宠物起的名字可以作为宠物人性化的证据，故A项正确。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them.”可知，宠物生意的增长速度甚至超过了宠物数量，因为人们在宠物身上花费的钱越来越多，由此可知，作者认为一些宠物主人在他们的宠物身上花了太多的钱，故D项正确。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。‎ ‎【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度在于被选选项要具有高度的概括性，准确全面地体现出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，社会生活类文章通常作者会在文章最后表明自己的态度，而作者的态度一般即为文章主题，例如本篇第4题，通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，这种现象不禁让人怀疑宠物和主人到底谁才是老大，言外之意，作者认为人们这种饲养宠物的方式是不可取的，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。‎ ‎(B)‎ Depression hurts, Prozac can help Depression isn’t just feeling down. It’s a real illness with real causes. Depression can be triggered by stressful life events, like divorce or a death in the family. Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason.‎ Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. That’s not true. Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin — a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression — especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like to much to handle.‎ To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe（开处方）most often is Prozac. Prozac isn’t a “happy pill”. It’s not a tranquilizer（镇静剂）. It won’t turn you into a different person.‎ Some people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, anxiety and nervousness. These tend to go away within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually aren’t serious enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you develop a rash（皮疹）, tell your doctor right away. And don’t forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you are taking.‎ Some people should not take Prozac, especially people an MAO inhibitors（单胺抑制剂）.‎ As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you work through your depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isn’t right for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you — or for someone you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans. Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it.‎ ‎40. All the following are true EXCEPT ____.‎ A. It is easy to get rid of depression through tremendous determination.‎ B. Sleep disorder is characteristic of depression symptoms.‎ C Depression can be caused by combination of factors.‎ D. Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood.‎ ‎41. What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information?‎ A. Prozac is a newly developed drug to treat depression.‎ B. patients who take Prozac can experience severe side a effects.‎ C. A medical prescription is necessary for Prozac.‎ D. Over 17 million Americans have been cured by Prozac.‎ ‎42. This piece of information is most probably ____.‎ A. an introduction to a scientific project B. a part of prescription drug instructions C. a part of a research report in a medical journal D. an advertisement of a medicine for depression ‎【答案】40. A 41. C 42. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种可以帮助对抗抑郁症的处方药——百忧解。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. That’s not true. Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin — a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression”可知，有些人认为你可以让自己走出抑郁，那不是真的，许多医生认为，有一件事可能会导致抑郁，那就是体内的化学物质5-羟色胺不平衡，如果发生这种情况，你可能会失眠、容易感到异常悲伤或易怒、很难集中注意力、没有食欲、缺乏活力、或者感觉不到快乐，这些症状可能会导致抑郁，因此，“通过巨大的决心很容易摆脱抑郁”这一说法是错误的，故A项正确。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe（开处方）most often is Prozac.”可知，为了对抗抑郁，医生现在最常开的药是百忧解，也就是说百忧解需要开医疗处方，故C项正确。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。通读全文特别是根据标题“Depression hurts, Prozac can help”可知，本文主要介绍的是一种可以帮助对抗抑郁的处方药——‎ 百忧解，因此文章最有可能是抑郁症药物的广告，故D项正确。‎ ‎(C)‎ Learning a second language is tricky at any age (and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book). Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reading fluency in a second language seems to plummet: 10.‎ The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native - level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.‎ Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”‎ Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default（默认）to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate（石板）.‎ These findings may seems discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 — when language learning ability starts to drop off — seems relatively old. “People fared better when they learned by immersion（沉浸）, rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where our desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversationally proficient — even without the advantage of a child’s brain.‎ ‎43. The word “plummet” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “____”.‎ A. plunge B. rise C. end D. vary ‎44. What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?‎ A. Age 10 -18 is the best time to learn a second language.‎ B. Children are too young to grasp a second language.‎ C. Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.‎ D. Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.‎ ‎45. What might be the reason why adults can’t reach native - level fluency in a second language?‎ A. Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues B. Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.‎ C. Adults spend more time responding to new information.‎ D. Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language.‎ ‎46. The passage is mainly about____.‎ A. the approaches to learning a second language B. the best age to learn a second language.‎ C. why kids learn a second language more easily than adults D. whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selves ‎【答案】43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么孩子比成年人学第二语言更容易。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Learning a second language is tricky at any age (and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book).”可知，言在任何年龄段都是很难的（而且你等的时间越长就越难打开那本满是灰尘的法语书），因此此处承接等的时间越长，学习与研究会变的越难这一话题，说明随着年龄的增长，语言学习能力开始下降，此处说的是科学家们已经确定了你读第二语言流利程度下降的确切年龄：10岁，由此可知画线词词义为“下降”，故A项正确。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中的““It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.”可知，“‎ 这项研究的合著者、波士顿学院心理学助理教授乔舒亚·哈特肖恩说：“只是你错过了最佳时期，因为你的学习能力在17或18岁左右就开始下降”，由此可知，人一旦到了十七八岁成年的时候就过了学习第二语言的关键时期，故D项正确。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. ”可知，儿童的大脑比成人的大脑更具可塑性，他们能够更好地适应和应对新的信息，由此可知，成年人花更多的时间对新信息做出反应，这可能使他们学习第二语言不能达到母语的流利程度，故C项正确。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第三段中的“Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons.”可知，本文主要介绍了为什么孩子比成年人学第二语言更容易，故C项正确。‎ ‎【点睛】本篇第1题词义猜测题难度较大，对画线词上文的理解是关键，根据画线词前的“Learning a second language is tricky at any age (and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book).”可知，言在任何年龄段都是很难的（而且你等的时间越长就越难打开那本满是灰尘的法语书），因此此处承接等的时间越长，学习与研究会变的越难这一话题，说明随着年龄的增长，语言学习能力开始下降，此处说的是科学家们已经确定了你读第二语言流利程度下降的确切年龄：10岁，由此可知画线词词义为“下降”。‎ Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ Search for a Human Face for Robots Looking for a $130,000 payday? Geomiq, a British engineering and manufacturing firm is searching for a “kind and friendly” face to be the face of a robot once it goes into production. “This will entail（需要）the selected person’s face being reproduced on potentially thousands of versions of the robots worldwide,” Geomiq says in a blog post about the project.‎ Robots have been at the forefront of technology for decades, and are widely considered the future of our technological advancement. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, according to some estimates, robots designed to keep the elderly company are becoming increasingly common. ___47___‎ They do things like responding to voice commands, offering proactive（积极主动的）notifications and advice and letting relatives monitor conditions at home. There is still a long way to go but new robotic products are coming into fruition all the time. Geomiq says the robot line has been in the works for five years and will result in a companion for seniors.‎ The designer has noted in an interview with a select press pool that they can’t release too many details at this stage. ___48___ The designer has also stressed that unsuccessful candidates will not be contacted. The company says the need for anonymity（匿名）is due to the secretive nature of the project. However, it believes the robot will soon be “readily available” to the public and hopes the campaign will create extra buzz ahead of its eventual release. “We know that this is an extremely unique request, and signing over the licenses to your face is potentially an extremely big decision,” Geomiq said.‎ ‎___49___ The designer has said that the project has been in development for five years, and in that time frame taken on investment from some independent venture capitals as well as a top fund based in Shanghai. the company says the robots’ purpose will be to act as a “virtual friend” for elderly people and is set to go into production next year.‎ The blog past doesn’t share age or gender parameters（参数）. ___50___ Candidates who make it to the next phase will get full details on the project. “The secrecy,” Geomiq says, “is due to non-disclosure agreement it’s signed with the robot’s designer and investors.”‎ A. A technology company wants to buy the rights to use someone’s face for its robots.‎ B. It just asks people who want to license their face to submit a photo via email for the chance at $130,000.‎ C. It is a once - in - a - while opportunity for the right person.‎ D. They also serve a practical purpose.‎ E. The company is privately - funded.‎ F. However, ideal candidates will be given the specifics of the project.‎ ‎【答案】47. D 48. F 49. E 50. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一家公司正在为其设计的机器人寻找合适的人脸。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 空前说 为陪伴老人而设计的机器人越来越普遍，下文又介绍了机器人的几种用途，因此此处要引出下文机器人的用途，故D项（它们也有实际用途）符合语境。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 空后说设计师也强调不会联系不成功的候选人，该公司表示，需要匿名是因为该项目的保密性质，因此此处应该会提到合格的候选人和具体的项目，故F项（然而，理想的候选人将被给予具体的项目）符合语境。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 空后说设计师说该项目已经开发了五年，在这个时间框架内，一些独立的风险投资机构以及一家总部位于上海的顶级基金都进行了投资，该公司表示，这些机器人的目的是充当老年人的“虚拟朋友”，并将于明年投入生产，因此此处应该会提到这家公司的投资情况，故E项（这家公司是私人投资的）符合语境。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 空前说博客没有分享年龄或性别参数，空后又说进入下一阶段的候选人将获得项目的全部细节，因此此处讲的应该是在进入下一阶段之前候选人被要求做的事情，故B项（它只是要求那些想要获得面部授权的人通过电子邮件提交一张照片，并支付13万美元）符合语境。‎ Ⅳ.Summary Writing ‎51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ Do We Need Art in Our Lives No one will be surprised to hear that the arts are under fire in this day and age. We view the arts as something of a hobby, something that’s fun but certainly can’t pay the rent. If it’s not a useful skill, no wonder arts funding is being cut in schools. Do we really need art in our lives?‎ In schools, time and money is at a premium （稀有而珍贵）, now more than ever. With teachers having to fit so many lessons into every day. it’s easy to see why art is dropping more and more by the wayside. Budgets are dropping at an alarming rate, and what school is going to drop teaching in essential subjects such as math or science when they can drop art instead?‎ It seems as though the loss of art in daily life is sad fact of life, but it doesn’t have to be. There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people. For example, art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses, both mental and physical, cope with their symptoms. Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home. Practical items, such as bedspreads, furniture or clothing, are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.‎ Art also gives us insight into the world. History tells us what happened and when it happened, but it can’t tell us how the population at large felt about it, which is where art steps in. We know a lot about how people in the past lived and worded, because their art has given us much a deep insight into their daily lives. We wouldn’t have that insight without it.‎ Most of all, we need art in our lives as it gives us a form of self-expression. Being able to talk about our feelings is essential to staying healthy. You may not think our talk about your feelings, but you may express them in other ways. Some like to cook or bake, some like to work machinery, and others may like to paint or draw. Whatever you like to do in your spare time, you’re probably creating art every day.‎ So, do we need art in our lives? Many people would say no, but the art they’re thinking of is the art you see in galleries. Art is actually much more accessible and it truly needed in everyday life. It helps those in need, gives people in the future an idea of what life was like, and is a vital form of self-expression.‎ ‎【答案】Considered as a hobby or fun, art is ignored in schools. Limited time and money is spent on essential subjects. However, art is very useful and everywhere. As therapy, art benefits health. Besides, it enables us to understand the world better. Above all, we often express our feelings in the form of art. Therefore, art is needed.‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括艺术被认为是一种爱好或乐趣，但在学校却被忽视了，学校把有限的时间和金钱花在基本的科目上，然而，艺术是非常有用的：艺术有益于健康，它使还让我们能够更好地了解世界，最重要的是，我们经常用艺术的形式来表达我们的感情，因此，艺术是必要的。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。‎ ‎【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。‎ ‎2、遵循原文逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。‎ ‎3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。‎ ‎4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。‎ Ⅳ. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎52. 学而不思犹如食而不化。(like)‎ ‎53. 年轻人要有雄心壮志，不应安于现状。(satisfy)‎ ‎54. 这部电视剧旨在向观众传递家庭价值观，独立与义务之间的冲突可以通过容忍，理解和爱来解决。(that)‎ ‎55. 正是老一辈人的艰苦奋斗使祖国发生了巨大变化，未来掌握在我们年轻人手中，我们决不辜负期望。(lie)‎ ‎【答案】52. Learning / To read without reflecting / reflection / thinking is just like eating without digesting / digestion. ‎ ‎53. Young people / The young / Youngsters should be ambitious / aim high, and not be satisfied with the present situation. ‎ ‎54. This TV drama / series is intended / is meant / aims to convey / is aimed at / aims at conveying family value to the viewers that the conflict between independence and obligation / duty can be solved by tolerance, understanding and love. ‎ ‎55. It was old generations who worked hard to make these / the great changes happen in our motherland, and while the future lies in the hands of us young people, we’ll live up to their expectations.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知本句使用动名词或不定式做主语，同时此处的like是介词，其后接动名词做宾语，故翻译为：Learning / To read without reflecting / reflection / thinking is just like eating without digesting / digestion.‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。根据句意可知本句使用固定短语be satisfied with，表示“满足于……”，故翻译为：Young people / The young / Youngsters should be ambitious / aim high. and not be satisfied with the present situation.‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和同位语从句。be intended to do /be meant to/aim to/ aim at/be aimed at表示“旨在、目的是”，根据句意和提示词可知本句使用that引导的同位语从句，解释说明family value的内容，从句成分完整，用that 仅起连接作用，无实义，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：This TV drama / series is intended / is meant / aims to convey / is aimed at / aims at conveying family value to the viewers that the conflict between independence and obligation / duty can be solved by tolerance, understanding and love.‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和强调句型。根据提示词可知本句使用固定短语lie in the hands of sb表示“在某人手中”，同时live up to表示“不辜负”，根据句意可知本句使用强调句型，基本结构为：it is+被强调部分+that+其余部分，当强调的是人，且在句中做主语时，也可用who，故翻译为：It was old generations who worked hard to make these / the great changes happen in our motherland, and while the future lies in the hands of us young people, we’ll live up to their expectations.‎ Ⅴ. Guided Writing ‎56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 假设你是明启中学的王华，你校学生会将举办主题为“Looking for the Chinese Spirit”的英语演讲比赛， 请你作为参赛者写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 描述生活中最感动你的一个人或一件事，并说明其体现了怎样的中国精神；‎ ‎2. 你获得的启发及感受 ‎（注意：请勿出现真实的姓名与学校）‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Today, the Chinese spirit is reflected in all aspects of life. A few days ago, the local news reported a real story that a young man donated bone marrow to a stranger. A few months ago, after completing a series of strict blood tests, he completed the collection of hematopoietic stem cells. A month later, he received the exciting news that his stem cells were successfully matched with those of an out-of-town patient who is in need of a bone marrow transplant, so he decided to donate hematopoietic stem cells without hesitation. Due to the long recovery process after the operation, he had to give up his current job. Speaking of his economic loss, he said that compared with saving ‎ a person's life, this loss is nothing.‎ Till now, I still have been deeply moved by what this young man had done, as his deed embodies the Chinese spirit of selfless dedication.‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达是提纲类作文，要求写一篇演讲稿。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一篇演讲稿：假设你是明启中学的王华，你校学生会将举办主题为“Looking for the Chinese Spirit”的英语演讲比赛， 请你作为参赛者写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：1. 描述生活中最感动你的一个人或一件事，并说明其体现了怎样的中国精神；2. 你获得的启发及感受。时态应为一般过去时。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； Chinese Spirit（中国精神），reflect（反映），embody（体现），move（感动）， donate（捐献）及selfless dedication（无私奉献）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。‎ ‎【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有be matched with（与……相匹配），speak of（谈到），compare with (与……相比)，in need of（需要），without hesitation（毫不犹豫）以及give up（放弃），而且还使用了同位语从句“A few days ago, the local news reported a real story that a young man donated bone marrow to a stranger.”，定语从句“A month later, he received the exciting news that his stem cells were successfully matched with those of an out-of-town patient who is in need of a bone marrow transplant, ”，宾语从句“Till now, I still have been deeply moved by what this young man had done, as his deed embodies the Chinese spirit of selfless dedication.”，原因状语从句“Due to the long recovery process after the operation, he had to give up his current job.”，非谓语动词“Speaking of his economic loss, he said that compared with saving a person's life, this loss is nothing.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。‎