河南省中原名校2020届高三上学期第四次质量考评英语试题

河南省中原名校2020届高三上学期第四次质量考评英语试题

中原名校2019—2020学年上期第四次质量考评 高三英语试题 注意事项：‎ ‎1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。‎ ‎2. 回答选择题时，选出每小題答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。‎ ‎3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） ‎ 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。‎ 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ 例：How much is the shirt?‎ A. £ 19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £ 9. 15.‎ 答案是C。‎ ‎1. Where does the woman work now?‎ A. At a post office. B. At a travel agency. C. In a hotel.‎ ‎2. What does the man probably do?‎ A. cook. B. A waiter. C. A fisherman.‎ ‎3. Why does the man look so upset?‎ A. He loses his wallet by accident.‎ B. He fails to solve a math problem.‎ C. He isn’t well prepared for the coming exam.‎ ‎4. How does the man find Mr. White?‎ A.Strict. B. Patient. C. Responsible.‎ ‎5. Which kind of furniture will the woman buy?‎ A. The black leather suite.‎ B. The red leather suite.‎ C. The black wooden suite.‎ 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）‎ 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、 C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。‎ ‎6. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Driver and policewoman.‎ B. Passenger and driver.‎ C. Shopkeeper and customer.‎ ‎7. Where is the parking lot?‎ A. Behind a movie theater.‎ B. Behind a supermarket. ‎ C. Behind an office building.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。‎ ‎8. What kind of books does the woman need?‎ A. Those about British culture.‎ B. Those about American literature.‎ C. Those about French architecture.‎ ‎9. Why does the woman want to borrow those books?‎ A. To give a lecture.‎ B. To write a review.‎ C. To copy some sentences.‎ ‎10. What does the man advise the woman to do?‎ A. Buy those books online.‎ B. Select some other books.‎ C. Come again tomorrow morning.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。‎ ‎11. What benefit can the man get if he takes this chance?‎ A. Paying no school fees.‎ B. Taking no test.‎ C. Enjoying free accommodation.‎ ‎12. Which major does the man want to take?‎ A. Computer Science. B. Engineering. C. Architecture. ‎ ‎13. What does the woman think of the chance?‎ A. Common. B. Valuable. C. Unrealistic.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。‎ ‎14. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?‎ A. Interviewer and interviewee.‎ B. Teacher and student.‎ C. Director and actor.‎ ‎15. When did the man found the website of Student Experience?‎ A. In 1897. B. In 1978. C. In 1987.‎ ‎16. What once happened to the man’s sister Daisy?‎ A. She got hurt in a car accident.‎ B. She suffered from mental illness.‎ C. She was fired because of carelessness.‎ ‎17. Who can come to the website for help? ‎ A. Students wanting to volunteer.‎ B. Teachers seeking teaching materials.‎ C. Disabled people needing extra assistance.‎ 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。‎ ‎18. What does Bella impress the judges of “Incredible People” with?‎ A. Her excellent memory ability.‎ B. Her outstanding language ability.‎ C. Her remarkable acting ability.‎ ‎19. Which country does Bella come from?‎ A. Germany. B. Mexico. C. Russia.‎ ‎20. How old was Bella when she learned her first foreign language?‎ A. One year old. B. Two years old. C. Three years old.‎ 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Things to do in Cabo Corrientes, Jalisco, Mexico Majahuitas Island Tour Duration: 6h 30m Let yourself be spoiled by the nature in the Majahuitas Island (Natural Reserve) while you do different beach and sea activities, such as Snorkeling (潜游), Kayak (划独木舟)Tour and more. Eight delicious options from our menu will please your taste during lunch time, also your favorite drink will be prepared in our bar.‎ Las Marietas Eco Discovery Duration: 6h Snorkel, swim, and kayak through the beautiful rock formations around the Marietas Islands. Beloved by Jacques Cousteau for their rich marine life and clear waters, this underwater playground is an ideal place to spend the afternoon.‎ Follow up your snorkeling adventure with a guided kayak trip. Learn about the islands’ geologic past and keep your eyes peeled for migrating whales and playful groups of dolphins. Back on the boat, have a tasty deli-style lunch featuring delicious sandwiches and salads, or kick back with a drink from the open bar while your crew set a course for your return to port.‎ Yelapa & Majahuitas Catamaran Tour Duration: 7h+‎ Set sail from Puerta Vallarta aboard a luxurious catamaran with the vast Pacific Ocean ahead and a refreshing sea breeze surrounding you. Spend your morning snorkeling and exploring the peaceful cove of Majahuitas. This coral reef and tropical fish-filled coastline is only accessible by boat, making it one of Puerto Vallarta’s best-kept hidden treasures.‎ Sayulita Escape Duration: 3h Hop on a powerful UTV (utility task vehicle) to explore Sayulita, a hip and relaxed beach town not far from Vallarta. Ride over muddy back roads and a riverbed to reach the small community famous for its laid-back atmosphere. Soon after hitting the main road, your guide turns onto one of the dusty forest paths. Pass by farms, fields, and a riverbed before reaching an isolated beach. When you are ready, a picnic lunch, open bar, and knowledgeable crew await your return to the catamaran.‎ ‎1. Which tour lasts longest?‎ A. Sayulita Escape.‎ B. Majahuitas Island Tour C. Las Marietas Eco Discovery.‎ D. Yelapa &Majahuitas Catamaran Tour.‎ ‎2. How does the tour Sayulita Escape differ from the other ones?‎ A. It includes food and drinks.‎ B. Its activities are mainly held on the land.‎ C. It covers a variety of outdoor water rides.‎ D. It offers a free guide.‎ ‎3. What can tourist enjoy on the tour Las Marietas Eco Discovery?‎ A. Speeding a boat on their own.‎ B. Playing with whales and dolphins.‎ C. Observing the history of rock formations.‎ D. Joining in amazing underwater activities.‎ ‎【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了游客能够在墨西哥的 Cabo Corrientes参加的一些旅游活动。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Yelapa & Majahuitas Catamaran Tour部分中Duration: 7h+（持续时间:7小时以上）以及分析各个活动的持续时长可知，Yelapa & Majahuitas Catamaran Tour历时七个多小时，历时最长，故答案为D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Sayulita Escape部分中Hop on a powerful UTV (utility task vehicle) to explore Sayulita, a hip and relaxed beach town not far from Vallarta.（跳上一辆强大的UTV(实用任务车)去探索Sayulita，一个离瓦亚尔塔不远的时尚休闲的海滨小镇。）以及分析其他活动可知其他活动均以水上活动为主，只有这个旅行团是驾车旅行，主要在陆地上活动，可知Sayulita Escape的特别之处在于它的活动主要在陆地上举行。故选B。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据Las Marietas Eco Discovery部分中的“Snorkel, swim, and kayak through the beautiful rock formations around the Marietas Islands.（在美丽的马里塔斯群岛周围的岩层中潜水、游泳和划独木舟。）可知，游客可在这次活动中享受很多水下活动，故答案为D。‎ ‎【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。如第一小题，属于一一对应型。根据Yelapa & Majahuitas Catamaran Tour部分中Duration: 7h+（持续时间:7小时以上）以及分析各个活动的持续时长可知，Yelapa & Majahuitas Catamaran Tour历时七个多小时，历时最长，故答案为D。‎ B Kakano means “seed” in Māori. For Jade Temepara, a Māori woman who was crowned New Zealand’s Gardener of the Year in 2012, though, it means a lot more. Temepara owns Kākano, a Māori restaurant and cooking school in Christchurch, on New Zealand’s South Island.‎ Even a first-time tourist to New Zealand will notice the presence of the Māori culture and language everywhere. Now, so many non-Māori young people learn the language — a trend that picked up after the passage of the Māori Language Act in 1987 — that it’s not unusual to hear teens and twenty somethings of European descent in Auckland asking their friends if they want to hang out and get some kai (food) later. That’s a striking contrast from several generations ago, when New Zealand law banned Māori in schools, either in written or spoken form.‎ While Temepara was happy to see the Māori language make a comeback, there were still parts of her native culture that were less present in New Zealand’s daily life. She felt that too few Māoris of her generation were trained in their culture’s traditional cooking methods and native ingredients (原料). That’s when Temepara came up with the idea of launching a cooking education program that would go into Māori schools and other community gathering places to teach classes in traditional Māori cooking and food preparation.‎ ‎ The idea was so successful that it eventually led to a brick-and-mortar cafe and shop in central Christchurch. There, Temepara trades in traditional kai — look for cold smoked mussels, karengo (a native seaweed), Manuka honey and a native variety of sweet potato called kumara.‎ ‎ Although many of the ingredients grow wild in New Zealand that doesn’t mean just anybody can harvest them.‎ ‎ “The Māori subtribe Katti Menguai are the only ones that are allowed to have some, if they come from a lineage of chiefs. It is by bloodline only. You can’t even be invited. If you’re not blood, that’s it, you can’t go. My family is of that lineage. And so, traditionally we would harvest the birds.” This is both a tribal (部落的) practice and an accepted national law.‎ ‎4. Why is the Māori language popular again in New Zealand?‎ A. Its food is becoming welcome.‎ B. The language law supporting it has been passed.‎ C. The young are more interested in its culture.‎ D. Speaking it becomes a status symbol.‎ ‎5. How does Temepara feel about the return of the Māori language?‎ A. Worried. B. Confused.‎ C. Excited. D. Surprised.‎ ‎6. What is the purpose of the cooking education program?‎ A. Making a profit from doing good.‎ B Responding to local communities’ request.‎ C. Making Christchurch a perfect place for business.‎ D. Making Māoris feel accepted and proud of their identities.‎ ‎7. What can be inferred from Temepara’s words?‎ A. A few have the privilege of harvesting the birds.‎ B. The ingredients for Māori food are hard to gain.‎ C. Her family are invited to gather the birds.‎ D. Her family has special blood types.‎ ‎【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了毛利人 Jade Temepara在新西兰开办了具有她们民族特色的餐馆，深受当地人的喜爱。她为传播自己的民族文化做出了很大的贡献。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Now, so many non-Māori young people learn the language - a trend that picked up after the passage of the Māori Language Act in 1987（这种趋势是在1987年《毛利语言法》通过之后开始恢复正常,重新得到当地人的喜爱。）”可知Māori语言在新西兰又受欢迎是因为支持它的语言法已经通过了。故选B。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While Temepara was happy to see Maori language make a comeback, there were still parts of her native culture that were less present in New Zealand s daily life.（虽然Temepara很高兴看到Māori语言卷土重来,仍有部分在她的本土文化,较少出现在新西兰的日常生活。）”可知Temepara对Māori语言的回归感到很兴奋和高兴。故选C。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She felt that too few Maoris of her generation were trained in their culture’s traditional cooking methods and native ingredients (原料). That’s when Temepara came up with the idea of launching a cooking education program that would go into Maori schools and other community gathering places to teach classes in traditional Maori cooking and food ‎ preparation.（她觉得在她那一代毛利人中，接受过传统烹饪方法和当地食材培训的人太少了。就在那时，Temepara萌生了开展烹饪教育项目的想法，该项目将进入毛利学校和其他社区聚集的地方，教授传统毛利人烹饪和食物准备课程。）”可知Temepara烹饪教育课程的目的是让毛利人感觉接受并为他们的身份感到自豪。故选D。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The Māori subtribe Katti Menguai are the only ones that are allowed to have some, if they come from a lineage of chiefs. It is by bloodline only. You can’t even be invited. If you’re not blood, that’s it, you can’t go. My family is of that lineage. And so, traditionally we would harvest the birds.” This is both a tribal practice and an accepted national law.“（“毛利亚族 Katti menghai是唯一被允许收割（这些原材料的），如果他们来自家族的族长。这只是血统问题。你甚至不能被邀请。如果你不是这个血统，你就不能去。我的家族就是这种血统。所以，传统上我们会收获鸟类。”“这既是部落惯例，也是公认的国内法。”）可知从Temepara所说的话可以推测，只有少数人有权利能收获鸟类。故选A。‎ C For many of us, summertime means road trips to the beach or mountains, or at the very least some additional dust and bird poop on the exterior of our vehicles. The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment?‎ ‎ The main concerns with either choice are the amount of fresh water being used and the types of chemicals used to remove the dirt. Both of these concerns can be closely monitored when washing the car at home, says Katy Gresh, spokeswoman for the Southwest Region of the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection. She advises car owners to put aside a set amount of water for the entire wash. “It’s just like brushing your teeth,” she says, “You don’t want to leave the water running of more than you need for the job.” But even following this advice comes with an environmental risk: Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.‎ John Schombert, executive director of 3 Rivers Wet Weather, his organization works to educate the public about storm sewers (下水道) and water runoff, keeping this untreated water from entering the Allegheny region’s waterways. “We ask people to, consider washing their cars on lawns or other permeable (透水的) surfaces where the ‎ water gets absorbed,” Schombert says. “Soil can break down and help filter (过滤) those things,” Schombert says. “Storm sewers are not made for waste disposal.” Even when car owners use natural soaps to wash their cars, which Schombert says are probably ineffective at breaking down grease anyway.‎ The commercial car wash down the street knows full well the rules regarding wastewater in storm sewers. According to the International Carwash Association (ICA), professional car washes must use water reclamation systems. These mandated processes not only keep the dirty water out of storm sewers and regular water treatment systems, but they also work to reduce water usage at commercial facilities.‎ ‎8. What worries people when they have their cars washed?‎ A. The dirt cannot be removed easily.‎ B. Larger quantities of water are wasted.‎ C. The washing ways do no good to their cars.‎ D. The used chemicals are harmless to the environment.‎ ‎9. What’s the disadvantage of washing cars at home?‎ A. It is not easy to deal with.‎ B. It cannot clean the dirt completely.‎ C. It consumes a larger amount of water.‎ D. It does much damage to the environment.‎ ‎10. What is John’s company mainly about?‎ A. Purifying untreated water.‎ B. Helping the public protect waterways.‎ C Advocating controlling soil and water loss.‎ D. Raising the public’s awareness of air protection.‎ ‎11. What can be the best title of the text?‎ A. Do you put car washing at risk?‎ B. Which is better: Car wash or DIY?‎ C. Why dish washers are better than hand washing?‎ D. Do Americans use less water than they did years ago?‎ ‎【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. B ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了在家洗车会对环境有害，而商业洗车店对雨水下水道的污水处理规则了如指掌，以及专业洗车必须使用水回收系统。这些强制的过程不仅使污水不进入雨水下水道和常规的水处理系统，而且还有助于减少商业设施的用水。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s just like brushing your teeth,” she says, “You don’t want to leave the water running of more than you need for the job.”（ “这就像刷牙一样，”她说，“你不想让水流得比所需的更多。”）可知人们在外边洗车时，担心会浪费掉更多的水。故选B。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But even following this advice comes with an environmental risk： Washing your car in the driveway or street flushes the dirty water into storm drains.”（但即使遵循这一建议，也会带来环境风险在车道或街道上洗车会将脏水冲进雨水沟。）可知，在家自己洗车对环境有害处。故选D。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“his organization works to educate the public about storm sewers and water runoff, keeping this untreated water from entering the Allegheny region’s waterways.（他的公司致力于教育公众有关雨水水道和水径流的知识，防止未经处理的水进入阿勒格尼地区的水道）”可知约翰的公司主要帮助公众保护水道。故选B。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句“The extra dirt leads us to do one of two things: wash our car in the driveway or head to the car wash. But which choice is better for the environment?（这些额外的脏东西会让我们做以下两件事之一：在私人车道上洗车，还是去洗车处洗车。但是哪种选择对环境更好呢？）”以及结合文章主要内容可知，本文主要介绍了在专业洗车店里洗车和自己动手洗车，到底哪个对环境更有益处，故B选项“洗车处和自己动手洗车哪个更好?”符合文章标题。故选B。‎ D Scientists Diego Kersting and Cristina Linares have found that some coral species are able to recover from harmful warming events through a unique survival strategy ‎ (策略)—known as “rejuvenescence” (新生)—among corals in the Mediterranean Sea. The findings represent some rare good news for corals around the world, which are facing numerous severe threats—most notably, climate change.‎ ‎“The main threats are climate change, overfishing, pollution and coastal urbanization,” Kersting said. “But currently, climate change is probably the one causing the most coral cover declines. Warming stresses corals up to a point that may cause death. Some corals bleach (白化) before dying. Other corals do not bleach but die directly.” He went on, “Our findings are significant because this survival strategy was only known from fossil corals that existed hundreds of millions of years ago. It is the first time that it has been found in a living coral. Thanks to our findings, we know now that some corals are able to recover, but unfortunately this is not enough in the current climate change context.”‎ For their research, Kersting and Linares monitored 243 colonies of the endangered reef-building coral Cladocoracaespitosa in Spain’s Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve over 16 years, starting in 2002. The monitoring revealed that Cladocoracaespitosa in the Mediterranean uses rejuvenescence to cope with warming events. This process involves the polyps — or the individual coral animals in a colony—shrinking inward and abandoning their skeletons (骨骼) during warm periods, before rejuvenating at a later point. “What happens is that some polyps in a coral colony—sometimes just one— reduces completely its dimensions and partially retreats from its skeleton,” Kersting said. “Once the stressful event is over, the shrunken or rejuvenated polyp recovers its size and builds up a new skeleton. Eventually, it begins to reproduce itself through budding and begins to cover the dead colony surfaces.”‎ He continued, “The results were very surprising because I started to observe colonies that were dead years ago, that were showing living parts many years after their death.”‎ ‎12. What is the greatest threat to corals now?‎ A. Overfishing. B. Light pollution.‎ C. City growth. D. Climate change.‎ ‎13. What can we learn about the survival strategy?‎ A. It is the cause of warming events.‎ B. It was found for the first time.‎ C. It will bring hope for the endangered corals.‎ D. It represents the evolution of the corals.‎ ‎14. What does paragraph3 mainly talk about?‎ A. How the extreme corals forms.‎ B. How the polyps survive their competitors.‎ C. How the research was conducted.‎ D. How the coral species manages to recover and regrow.‎ ‎15. What can best replace the underlined word “retreat” in paragraph3?‎ A. Withdraw. B. Unfold. C. Benefit. D. Steal.‎ ‎【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇科普说明文。科学硏究发现珊瑚采取了一种再生生存策略，这或许能减少珊瑚白化现象。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But currently, climate change is probably the one causing the most coral cover declines.（但目前，气候变化可能是导致珊瑚覆盖面积下降最多的原因。）”可知珊瑚现在面临的最大威胁是气候变化。可知选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thanks to our findings, we know now that some corals are able to recover"（由于我们的发现，我们现在知道一些珊瑚能够恢复……）”可知再生生存策略将为濒临灭绝的珊瑚带来希望。故选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第三段中For their research, Kersting and Linares monitored 243 colonies of the endangered reef-building coral Cladocoracaespitosa in Spain’s Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve over 16 years, starting in 2002. The monitoring revealed that Cladocoracaespitosa in the Mediterranean uses rejuvenescence to cope ‎ with warming events.（Kersting和Linares从2002年开始对西班牙哥伦布群岛海洋保护区的243个濒危的造礁珊瑚群落进行了长达16年的监测。监测结果显示，地中海的克拉多沙鱼利用新生来应对变暖事件。）以及第三段主要介绍珊瑚再生这一过程。故第三段主要讲了珊瑚如何恢复和再生。故选D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据后句“Once the stressful event is over; the shrunken or rejuvenated polyp recovers its size and builds up a new skeleton. Eventually, it begins to reproduce itself through budding and begins to cover the dead colony surfaces.”（一旦压力事件结束，萎缩的或恢复活力的珊瑚虫恢复其大小并会建立一个新的骨骼。最终，它开始通过发芽繁殖，并开始覆盖死去的表面）可知，当有压力事件发生时，珊瑚虫会从珊瑚上撤退。故划线单词意思为“撤退”，故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ‎① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。‎ ‎② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。‎ ‎③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。‎ ‎④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。‎ ‎⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 如第四小题，根据后句“Once the stressful event is over; the shrunken or rejuvenated polyp recovers its size and builds up a new skeleton. Eventually, it begins to reproduce itself through budding and begins to cover the dead colony surfaces.”（一旦压力事件结束，萎缩的或恢复活力的 polyp恢复其大小并会建立一个新的骨骼。最终，它开始通过发芽繁殖，并开始覆盖死去的表面）可知，当有压力事件发生时， polyp会从珊瑚上撤退。故划线单词意思为“撤退”，故选A。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 ‎ Friendships can bring joy or sorrow.____16____ , we talked to researchers, authors, and therapists to learn how to manage the common relationship difficulties we all face.‎ Broken promises ‎ Friends are vital for our physical and mental well-being but these relationships aren’t always smooth sailing. ____17____. And a major way this happens is through broken promises. Perhaps he canceled plans at the last minute or she declined to take part in an important party. ____18____, the first thing to do is remember that no one is perfect, says Jan Yager, PhD, friendship coach.‎ ‎____19____‎ ‎“Sometimes jealousy reveals our deepest desires,” says Dr. Yager. “Healthy envy can motivate you to become better and be inspired by your friend’s success,” she says. She points out that it could be the other way around as well: Your friends might be jealous of you.‎ Feeling left out There’s no worse feeling than when you check Facebook Monday morning to find out that your friends went on a weekend getaway without you. Scott Christnelly, a therapist, says, “I encourage clients to express their feelings about it but also not to jump to conclusions.” Then find someone else to talk to — maybe a family member, or a close friend (not one who went on the trip)—to explain how you feel. ____20____.‎ A. Experiencing envy B. But while it may be painful C. Stopping to feel jealous of them D. Friend breakups can be just as painful as a romantic split E. In fact, it’s common to experience some serious hurt from your friends F. Since there’s no rule book on what to do when things get tense or go south G. Maybe through that conversation, you can brainstorm how you will respond ‎【答案】16. F 17. E 18. B 19. A 20. G ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些如何处理我们大家常见与朋友相处时常见的难题的方法。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据后文we talked to researchers, authors, and therapists to learn how to manage the common relationship difficulties we all face.（我们与研究人员、作者和治疗师交谈，学习如何处理我们共同面临的人际关系难题。）作者请教了一些专业人士，他们寻求建议可知，此处指遇到这样的事很多人不知怎样应对。故答案为F，意为：因为当事情变得紧张或糟糕的时候，没有什么规则可循。故选F。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 此句为解释说明句。根据上文“Friends are vital for our physical and mental well-being but these relationships aren’t always smooth sailing.”（朋友对我们的身心健康至关重要，但这种关系并不总是一帆风顺。）”（与朋友的）关系并不总是一帆风顺的，可知，与朋友相处时，人应该会有挫折，故E选项“事实上，经历一些来自朋友的严重伤害是很正常的。”符合上下文语境。故选E。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 此句是对前面句子的解释说明。根据前面“Perhaps he canceled plans at the last minute or she declined to take part in an important party.（也许他在最后一刻取消了计划，或者她拒绝参加一个重要的聚会）”被朋友放鸽子，或者被人拒绝，这些都是痛苦的经历，故B选项“虽然这可能是痛苦的。”符合上下文语境。故选B。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 此句为主旨大意，根据下文“Sometimes jealousy reveals our deepest desires,” says Dr. Yager.（“有时候，嫉妒揭示了我们内心深处的渴望，”耶格尔博士说。）可知本段主要说明与朋友交往时出现的一些问题，朋友间会彼此嫉妒。故A选项“经历嫉妒”符合上下文语境。故选A。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据上文“Then find someone else to talk to — maybe a family member, or a close friend (not one who went on the trip)—to explain how you feel.（然后找其他人来解释你的感受——也许是你的家人，或者是你的好朋友(不是去旅行的人)。）”可知本句为说明谈话的效果，故G选项“也许通过这次谈话，你可以集体讨论你将如何回应。”符合上下文语境。故选G。‎ 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Whitson, 44, set out on June 13 with his ninth-grade son and his wife, Ramirez, eager to show them the wild beauty of the Arroyo Seco (a river) in central California. The first night, they built a ____21____ and pan-fried a steak, ____22____ it with chocolate bars for dessert. The last thing any of them ____23____ was that they would become ____24____ .A ____25____ that was supposed to be secured at the top of the slide—the only safe way down—was ____26____ .There was no way to climb out of the gorge (峡谷).The rope had been ____27____ to the slippery rock wall when Whitson had made the same journey seven years before. At the time, he’d ____28____ lowered himself down the side of the waterfall and continued his____29____.‎ Thoughts raced through Whitson’s mind: ____30____ spring rains had likely washed the rope away. There was no other way to safely get down. Friends knew they were in Arroyo Seco, but it might be several days ____31____a search party was ____32____ There was no cell service. He desperately ____33____ a plan. Whitson looked at his water bottle and he suddenly had an idea: He ____34____“HELP!” on each side of the bottle and wrote an SOS note on a piece of paper with the ____35____, June 15, and their whereabouts —then put it inside. The bottle ____36____ into the pool, then ____37____ through the narrow passageway. It was a very long ____38____. Remarkably, they didn’t wait long. About a quarter-mile downstream, two hikers had_____39_____the bright green bottle right away； read the ____40____and hiked to the Arroyo Seco Campground to alert (向……报警) the manager to call a search and rescue team.‎ ‎21. A. bridge B. campfire C. channel D. pool ‎22. A. serving B. contacting C. rewarding D. decorated ‎23. A. exploited B. finished C. ignored D. expected ‎24. A. trapped B. deserted C. hooked D. stressed ‎25. A. waterfall B. rock C. rope D. gorge ‎26. A. polluted B. missing C. freezing D. slippery ‎27. A. attached B. recorded C. subscribed D. dropped ‎28. A. quickly B. carefully C. randomly D. constantly ‎29. A. research B. biography C. tragedy D. adventure ‎30. A. Rare B. Heavy C. Cold D. Selfless ‎31. A. since B. unless C. before D. until ‎32. A. sent off B. searched for C. cut across D. cut down ‎33. A. changed B. abandoned C. observed D. needed ‎34. A. scratched B. shaped C. targeted D. colored ‎35. A. bottle B. stick C. tent D. date ‎36. A. bent B. sailed C. dived D. recovered ‎37. A. spread B. sank C. disappeared D. zoomed ‎38. A. beat B. list C. ran D. shot ‎39. A. threw B. marked C. spotted D. designed ‎40. A. report B. tale C. note D. comments ‎【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文，主要记叙了Whitson一家野营被困，他们巧妙地向外界发出了求救信号，从而得救的故事。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一天晚上，他们生了一堆篝火，用平底锅煎了一块牛排，把它和巧克力条一起作为甜点。A. bridge桥梁；B. campfire篝火；C. channel通道；D. pool水塘。根据空后的pan-fried a steak（煎牛排）可知这里指他们生了一堆篝火。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一天晚上，他们生了一堆篝火，用平底锅煎了一块牛排，把它和巧克力条一起作为甜点。A. serving服务；上菜；B. contacting联系；C. rewarding奖励；D. decorated装饰。此处意为：煎牛排与巧克力棒作为甜点一起端上（吃）。 serve意为：上（菜、饮料）。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们没预料到会被困住。A. exploited开发；B. finished结束；C. ignored忽视；D. expected期待；预料。结合下文描述他们的被困的原因可知，他们事先并没预料到自己会受困。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们没预料到会被困住。A. trapped受困；B. deserted遗弃；C. hooked勾住；D. stressed强调。根据上下文可知，他们被困在了瀑布后面的空地。故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一根本该绑在滑梯顶部的绳子不见了，这是唯一安全的下坡方式。A. waterfall瀑布；B. rock岩石；C. rope绳子；D. gorge峡谷。根据下文中的The rope had been可知，此处本来有一个绳子（rope）固定在滑梯顶部。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一根本该绑在滑梯顶部的绳子不见了，这是唯一安全的下坡方式。A. polluted受污染的；B. missing失踪的；C. freezing结冰的；D. slippery光滑的。根据后句 There was no way to climb out of the gorge (峡谷). 没有攀登峡谷的方式。可知，本来应该在那里的绳子不见了，因此没有办法爬出峡谷。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：七年前，Whitson做同样的旅行时，绳子是系在光滑的岩壁上的。A. attached系上；B. recorded记录；C. subscribed订阅；D. dropped下降。根据上文that was supposed to be secured at the top of the slide本来有个绳子固定在斜坡的上面，可知七年前，Whitson做同样的旅行时，绳子（被他）系在了光滑的岩壁上。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当时，他小心翼翼地从瀑布边上爬下来，继续探险。A. quickly快的；B. carefully仔细地；小心地；C. randomly随便地；D. constantly不断地。根据前文 the slippery rock wall可知墙壁比较滑，他小心翼翼地顺着绳子滑了下来。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，他小心翼翼地从瀑布边上爬下来，继续探险。A. research研究；B. biography传记；C. tragedy悲剧；D. adventure探险。根据前文 when Whitson had made the same journey seven years before.可知，此处指Whitson继续他的旅行探险。故选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意: Whitson的脑子里闪过这样的念头:可能是大雨把绳子冲走了。A. Rare稀有的；B. Heavy沉重的；（雨、雪等）下得大；C. Cold寒冷的；D. Selfless无私的。能够冲走绳子的应该是大雨。故选B。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：朋友们知道他们在Arroyo Seco，但可能要过几天才会派出搜索队。A. since自从；因为；B. unless除非；C. before在……之前；D. until直到。固定句型 it might be several days before…“可能要过了几天之后才……”故选C。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：朋友们知道他们在Arroyo Seco，但可能要过几天才会派出搜索队。A. sent off派出；B. searched for搜索；C. cut across抄近路；D. cut down削减。结合上文a search party was可知要过几天之后搜索队才会派出。故选A。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他迫切需要一个计划。A. changed改变；B. abandoned抛弃；C. observed观察；D. needed需要。根据下文he suddenly had an idea，他想出了一个主意可知，他迫切地需要一个计划。故选D。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在瓶子的两边刮出“救命”的字样。A. scratched刮；划破；B. shaped发展；成形；C. targeted把……作为目标；D. colored着色。根据下文on each side of the bottle可知，在瓶子的每个面上应该是刮出“救命”的字样。故选A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：并在一张纸上写上日期、6月15日以及他们的下落，然后把纸条放进去。A. bottle瓶子；B. stick棍子；C. tent帐篷；D. date日期。根据后文June 15可知，此处指他写上的是日期。故选D。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：瓶子驶入池中，然后从狭窄的通道消失了。A. bent弯曲；B. sailed行驶；飘过；C. dived潜水；D. recovered恢复。结合后文into the pool可知指瓶子航行驶入了水池里。故选B。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：瓶子驶入池中，然后从狭窄的通道消失了。A. spread传播；B. sank沉陷；C. disappeared消失；D. zoomed缩放。结合后文through the narrow passageway可知瓶子随着水流消失在狭窄的通道。故选C。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功的机会渺茫。A. beat打败；B. list列清单；C. ran奔跑；D. shot射击。be a long shot为固定搭配，意为：“成功希望虽然不大，尽管不大可能成功”。故选D。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个徒步旅行者立刻发现了这个亮绿色的瓶子。A. threw扔；B. marked标示；C. spotted发现；D. designed设计。根据上文 hiked to the Arroyo Seco Campground to alert (向……报警) the manager to call a search and rescue team. 徒步到 Arroyo Seco营地并报警给负责人，让他打电话给搜救队。可知，瓶子被两名徒步旅行者发现了。故选C。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：读完便条，他徒步到Arroyo Seco露营地，让经理打电话给搜救队。A. report报告；B. tale故事；C. note便条；D. comments评论。结合上文on each side of the bottle and wrote an SOS note on a piece of paper可知两名徒步旅行者看到了这条求救便条（note），然后去报警。故选C。‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ Digital receipts offer a few improvements over ____41____(tradition) paper receipts. One is health-related. Lots of receipt paper contains bisphenol—A, or BPA. This chemical can completely influence or outright change some bodily processes, like hair growth, hormone function and cell repair. ____42____ (reduce) receipt paper reduces the risk for BPA exposure for not only consumers but also for employees who handle the paper ____43____ a more routine basis.‎ Another reason why digital receipts are better just boils down to ____44____ (convenient). You can access those receipts through your email and file ____45____ (they) away in a separate folder or with a specific label for easy sorting. Or, if you need more help on the organization front, try a receipt tracking app. Physical receipts require you physically ____46____ (keep) track of them, and that means a shoe box or an accordion folder or a big thumb tack on a cork board in the kitchen. There have been times when I’ve let something go unreturned ____47____ I didn’t have the receipt. I’m betting I’m not alone on that.‎ Some businesses, particularly local ones, use newer point of sale systems like Square that will ____48____ (automatic) send you a digital receipt if you’ve already received one from another business that uses Square. When you pay with the same credit you did at the first seller, and you’ve already provided ____49____ email address to the Square system, you ____50____ (get) a receipt in your email minutes later.‎ ‎【答案】41. traditional ‎ ‎42. Reducing ‎ ‎43. on 44. convenience ‎ ‎45. them 46. to keep ‎ ‎47. because ‎ ‎48. automatically ‎ ‎49. an 50. will get ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了与使用传统纸质票据相比，使用电子票据的益处。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：数字收据比传统的纸质收据有一些改进。此处作定语修饰名词 receipts应用形容词。故填traditional。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：减少纸质收据的使用不仅降低了消费者接触BPA的风险，也降低了那些经常使用纸质收据的员工接触BPA的风险。分析句子结构可，此句缺少主语，此处时动名词作主语。故填Reducing。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意同上。固定搭配on a…basis“在……的基础上”。故填on。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意为：数字收据更好的第四个原因归结起来就是方便。短语boil down to“归结起来是；其结果是”，此处名词作介词to的宾语。故填convenience。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：你可以通过电子邮件查看这些收据，并将它们归档到一个单独的文件夹中，或者用一个特定的标签进行分类。此处指代前面名词复数 those receipts 在句子中作宾语应用人称代词宾格形式them。故填them。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：有形的收据需要你亲自去记录。短语require sb. to do sth.“请求某人做某事”，动词不定式作require的宾补。故填to keep。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：有好几次，我因为没有收据而不能把东西退回了。本句为原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。 故填because。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：Square会自动给你发送电子收据。修饰动词send应用其副词形式。故填automatically。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：您已经向Square系统提供了一个电子邮件地址。address是可数名词，且此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，又因 address的发音是以元音音素开头的，应填an。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：你会在几分钟后收到一封邮件。此处为主句谓语动词，根据when引导的时间状语从句的时态可知，此处主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。故填一般将来时。故填will get。‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ When first learning to ride a bicycle, I decided to go to my friend’s houses for a game of badminton.‎ On my way there, however, I chased by a fierce dog. I cycled as fast as I could so it jumped at me and caught my leg. I shouted and unlucky fell off my bicycle, that injured my knees. Nervously, I managed to get on the bike. Much to my relief, the dog eventually gave in chasing me. But by then I was too tired to play the badminton. After a short rest at my friend’s house, I leave for home, taking other route this time. Finally, I reached home, feel exhausted after the evening’s adventure.‎ ‎【答案】1.houses→house ‎2.I后添加was ‎3.so→but ‎4.unlucky→unluckily ‎5that→which ‎6.in→up ‎7.去掉the ‎8.leave→left ‎9.other→another ‎10.feel→feeling ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者在汽车去朋友家的路上被一条凶猛的狗追赶的事情。‎ ‎【详解】1.考查名词。句意：第一次学骑自行车时，我决定去朋友家打羽毛球。根据下文 at my friend’s house可知，我朋友的家应用其单数形式。故houses改为house。‎ ‎2.考查动词时态语态。句意：然而，在我去那里的路上，我被一只凶猛的狗追赶。根据后文中的by可知主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且事情发生在过去应用一般过去时的被动语态。故I后添加was。‎ ‎3.考查连词。句意：我骑得尽可能快，但它扑向我，咬住了我的腿。根据句意前后为转折关系，故so改为but。‎ ‎4.考查副词。句意：我大叫起来，不幸从自行车上摔了下来，伤了膝盖。修饰动词fall应使用副词形式。故unlucky改为unluckily。‎ ‎5.考查定语从句关系词。句意同上。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，应该用关系代词which。故that改为which。‎ ‎6.考查介词。句意：使我大为欣慰的是，那只狗终于不再追我了。短语give up“放弃”。故in改为up。‎ ‎7.考查冠词。句意：但是那时我已经累得不能打羽毛球了。定冠词不用于一日三餐，球类，学科等名词前。故去掉the。‎ ‎8.考查动词时态。句意：在朋友家休息了一会儿后，我走了另一条路回家。根据上下文时态可知，此处描述过去的事实应使用一般过去时。故leave改为left。‎ ‎9.考查代词。句意同上。other表示“别的”，“另外的”，只能与复数名词连用，此处泛指多个中的“另一个”应用another。故other改为another。‎ ‎10.考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，我回到了家，晚上的冒险让我筋疲力尽。分析句子结构可知feel在句中做非谓语动词，且与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系为现在分词作伴随状语，故应用现在分词形式。故feel改为feeling。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：‎ ‎(1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)‎ ‎(2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)‎ ‎(3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)‎ 如第五小题，此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，应该用关系代词which。故that改为which。‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎52.假如你是李华，你校交换生Peter打算加入你所在的汉服社团（Hanfu Club），请你给他回一封电子邮件。要点如下：‎ ‎1.欢迎他的加入；‎ ‎2.介绍社团一些活动。‎ 注意：1. 词数：100左右；‎ ‎2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 开头和结束语已为你写好。‎ Dear Peter,‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ‎ I’m looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Sincerely, ‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】Dear peter,‎ I’m more than glad to receive your letter and that you’ re interested in Hanfu, the traditional costume of Han Chinese people and willing to join us as well. Of course, I, on behalf of the other members, warmly welcome your arrival.‎ There are some activities held on a regular basis. Every Wednesday we l have a meeting, where we can learn the history of Han clothing. At weekends, all the members, who enjoy the Hanfu’s graceful and elegant quality, will gather and take photos of ourselves in Hanfu. Then the photos will be posted online to promote the traditional Chinese culture.‎ A very warm welcome will be given to you when you come and join us.‎ I’m looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Sincerely Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一封电子邮件；假如你是李华，你校交换生Peter打算加入你所在的汉服社团（Hanfu Club），请你给他回一封电子邮件。要点如下：1.欢迎他的加入；2.介绍社团一些活动。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：be glad to（高兴）；traditional costume（传统服饰）；on behalf of（代表）；on a regular basis（定期地）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用第一人称，时态主要用一般将来时和一般现在时。‎ 第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如At weekends, all the members, who enjoy the Hanfu’s graceful and elegant quality, will gather and take photos of ourselves in Hanfu.运用了定语从句；A very warm welcome will be given to you when you come and join us.运用了时间状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。‎ ‎ ‎