秘笈03+形容词和副词-备战2019年高考英语抢分秘籍

秘笈03+形容词和副词-备战2019年高考英语抢分秘籍

‎ ‎ 形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点，主要以＂用括号中所给词的正确形式填空＂的形式考查考生。‎ ‎1. 形容词可作定语、表语、补语。因此，在做语法填空时，若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形 ‎ 容词。‎ ‎2. 副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或整个句子。因此当设空处作状语时，首 ‎ 先考虑要填副词。‎ ‎3. 做语篇型语法填空时，考生还需根据上下文及形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型来判断。 ‎ ‎1. When you study the local map，you’ll find this town is________.‎ A. twice the size of that one B. twice as a large town as that C. twice as larger as that one D. twice as larger a town as that ‎【答案】A ‎2. Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost ________ his.‎ A.as much twice as B. twice as much as C. much as twice as D.as twice much as ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】倍数表达法是形容词比较等级中一种很常用的比较级结构。不管用哪种比较级结构来表示比较，表示倍数的词总是放在比较级结构的最前面。‎ ‎3. My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice ________ expensive.‎ A.as B. so C. too D. very ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 考查倍数表达法。这里的倍数是＂twice＂，由expensive这一原级可知，这里使用了＂as...as...＂这一比较结构，在具体的语境中，后面的一个as以及后面的成分可以承前省略，即这里expensive后面省略了as ours。‎ 考向3 –ing形容词和-ed形容词 ‎1. 以ing结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰物，译为＂令人……的＂，常作定语；主要用于说明事物，‎ ‎ 表示事物的性质或特征，若用它们说明人，则表示此人具有此性质或特征。 ‎ ‎2. 以-ed结尾的动词变化而来的形容词一般修饰人，译为＂（人）……的＂，常作表语；通常用于说明人，不 ‎ 用于说明事物，即使它们所修饰的名词是事物，那它们指的也是与该事物相关的人。 ‎ encourage 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 受到鼓舞的 ‎ interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 ‎ astonishing令人惊呆的 astonished 惊呆的 ‎ surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised感到好奇的 ‎ moving 令人感动的 moved 感动的 ‎ frightening令人害怕的 frightened害怕的 terrifying令人恐惧 terrified感到恐惧的 ‎ puzzling 令人困惑不解的 puzzled感到困惑的 satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的 ‎ tiring 令人厌倦的 tired感到厌烦的 ‎ amazing令人惊讶的 amazed感到惊讶的 ‎ boring 令人讨厌的 bored感到厌烦的 ‎ exciting令人兴奋的 excited感到激动的 ‎ touching 触动人心的 touched感动的 embarrassing令人尴尬的 embarrassed尴尬的 ‎ ‎☞He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 ‎ ‎☞He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他告诉了我这个消息，声音很激动。 ‎ ‎☞The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 ‎ ‎☞The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。 ‎ ‎ ☞a frightened look 害怕的表情(指带有这种＂表情＂的人感到害怕) ‎ ‎ a frightening look 吓人的表情(指这种＂表情＂令人害怕) ‎ ‎☞an excited talk 心情激动的谈话(指＂谈话＂的人心情激动) ‎ ‎ an exciting talk 令人激动的谈话(指听＂谈话＂的人心情激动)‎ ‎①Seeing a stranger with a knife in his hand, the little girl stood under the tree, ______ out of her mind.‎ ‎ A. frightened B. be frightened ‎ C. to be frightened D. frightening ‎【答案】A ‎②They can also make their own special sounds to keep the story ________ (interest) and attractive. ‎ ‎【答案】interesting ‎【解析】语境表示＂使故事听起来有趣和有吸引力＂，故此处要用形容词interesting＂有趣的＂。‎ ‎③What followed was a ________ (touch) scene.‎ ‎【答案】touching ‎【解析】语境表示＂随后发生的是感人的一幕＂，这里要用-ing形容词touching＂感人的，动人的＂。‎ 考向4 词类转换 一、形容词变副词 形容词变副词通常是加ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：‎ 一般直接加，―元(e)去e加，―辅(y)改i加，le结尾e改y。‎ 分别举例如下：quick—quickly; true—truly; happy—happily; possible—possibly 具体规则如下：‎ ‎1. 一般情况下直接加―ly，如：‎ ‎ recent—recently polite—politely ‎ sad—sadly immediate—immediately ‎2. 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。如：‎ ‎ true-truly due-duly ‎ 绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如：‎ ‎ polite—politely wide—widely ‎ wise—wisely nice—nicely ‎3. 以―个y结尾的，且读音为 / i /， 先将―y改成―i，再加―ly，如：‎ ‎ happy—happily heavy—heavily ‎ angry—angrily busy—busily ‎ 但是如果读音为 / ai /， 直接加ly，如：‎ ‎ dry—dryly shy—shyly ‎4. 以ic 结尾的词，加ally，如：‎ ‎ economic—economically basic—basically ‎ scientific—scientifically automatic—automatically ‎ energetic—energetically ‎5. 以辅音字母加le结尾时,去e加y，如：‎ ‎ simple—simply considerable—considerably ‎ terrible—terribly gentle—gently ‎ possible—possibly probable—probably ‎ 元音字母加le时加 ly，如：sole-solely。但是whole-wholly例外。‎ ‎6. 以-ll结尾时，只须加 –y，如：‎ ‎ dull—dully shrill—shrilly 需注意: 有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：‎ ‎ friendly people motherly care lovely dog ‎ ‎ monthly exam heavenly peace a manly sport 二、形容词后缀 ‎1. －able 以＂－able＂结尾的形容词一般有两种情况： ‎ ‎（1）v.＋able→adj. 以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为＂能……的＂、＂可以（被）……的＂、＂适 合于……‎ ‎ 的＂、＂值得……的＂等，即有被动含义。‎ ‎ reliable（可以依靠的） drinkable（可以饮用的 ） eatable（可食用的） ‎ ‎（2）n.＋able→adj. 这种形容词意为＂具有……特点的＂。‎ ‎ valuable（有价值的） reasonable（ 有道理的） comfortable（舒适的）。 ‎ ‎2. －al 该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。 不过，有些＂－al＂后缀则仅体现了该词的形容词性 ，‎ ‎ 并非以这种方式构成形容词。＂－al＂意为＂属于……的＂＂有……特性的＂。 如：actual，medical等。‎ ‎3. －ful 这一后缀有两种情况： ‎ ‎(1)加在名词之后构成形容词，表示＂充满……的＂＂有……性质的＂，如beautiful,colourful,‎ ‎ helpful,powerful,successful,useful,wonderful。 ‎ ‎(2)加在动词之后，所构成的形容词意为＂易于……的＂，如forgetful。 ‎ ‎4. －ical ＂－ical＂同＂ic＂一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词，意为＂……的＂、＂……似的 ＂、＂与……‎ ‎ 有关的＂，如physical,political,practical,technical等。 ‎ 注意：‎ ‎(1)有些形容词的词尾可能是＂－ic＂和＂－ical＂并存，且可以互相替代，但这不是说两者就没 有任何区别。一般来说，词尾＂ic＂与词根的关系比较密切，而词尾＂ical＂与词根的关系比较含糊，一般作 ＂与……有关的＂解。 请比较：an electric light（电灯），electrical engineering（电气工程）；histo ric意为＂历史上有名气的＂，historical则意为＂关于历史的＂。 站。‎ ‎1.a ‎【解析】考查冠词。Play a role表示＂起作用＂，故填a。‎ ‎2.with ‎【解析】考查介词。 keep up with表示＂赶得上、保持联系＂。‎ ‎3.where ‎【解析】考查定语从句。此处为定语从句，先行词为websites，从句中缺少地点状语。‎ ‎4.covering ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。News与cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎7.constantly ‎【解析】考查副词。修饰动词updated用副词。‎ ‎8.findings ‎【解析】考查名词。由change判断用可数名词复数。‎ ‎9.posted ‎【解析】考查时态。由earlier判断动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时。‎ ‎10.is ‎【解析】考查主谓一致。先行词为anything，be动词用单数，且为一般现在时态。‎ Ⅰ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1. —Are you satisfied with the result of the exam?‎ ‎ —Not at all. I can’t have a ________ (bad) one.‎ ‎2. How ________ (disappoint) it was to have missed the train!‎ ‎3. Of the two boys，Jim is the ________ (young) one，and he is also the one who loves to be noisy.‎ ‎4. Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as ________ (large) as that of theirs.‎ ‎5. Although parents should take good care of their young children，they don’t ________ (necessary) do anything for them.‎ ‎6. Mr. Zhang once taught in a remote village in Anhui Province as a volunteer，which was ________ (access) only on foot.‎ ‎7. It is difficult to cross the desert by car，but not ________ (absolute) impossible.‎ ‎8. —Did your boss help you with the vital task?‎ ‎ —No，he allocated each of us our jobs and then went out for something ________ (important).‎ ‎9. At that time I knew it had to be a significant day to them. Nothing could be ________ (good) if someone offered ‎ ‎ to help them.‎ ‎10. You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit ________ (slowly)?‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1.worse　 2.disappointing　 3.younger 4.large　 5.necessarily　‎ ‎6.accessible 7.absolutely 8.more important　　 9.better 10.more slowly　‎ Ⅱ. 语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ There was a man who had four sons. Never 　1　they stop quarrelling with one another. He was always telling them how much 　2　(easy) life would be if they worked together but they took absolutely no notice of him. One day he decided to show them 　3　he meant.‎ ‎ He called all the sons together and put a 　4　(tight) tied bundle of sticks on the floor in front of them.‎ ‎ "Can you break that ? " he asked the youngest son. The boy put his knee on the bundle but 　5　he pressed and pulled with his arms he could not bend the wood.‎ ‎ The father required each son in turn 　6　(try) to break the bundle, but 　7　of them could do it . Then he untied the string and scattered the sticks.‎ ‎ " Now try, " 　8　(say) the father. The boys broke the sticks easily in their hands.‎ ‎ "Do you see what I mean ?" the father asked. "if only you stand together no one can hurt you . If you all disagree 　9　whole time and insist on going your separate ways, the first enemy you meet will be able to destroy you. " United we stand 　10　(divide) we fall.‎ ‎ 【文章大意】合则存，分则败。一家的兄弟们更是要团结一致。父亲教育自己的四个孩子要团结一致，就能克服一切困难。‎ ‎2. easier ‎ 考查形容词。根据后面的＂if they worked together＂理解句意：他一再告诫他们说，如果他们一起干活儿，生活会舒适得多。使用比较级。故填easier。 ‎ ‎3. what ‎ 考查连词。show them后面跟名词性从句，连词在从句中作meant的宾语，what在名词性从句中作成份。故填what。‎ ‎4. tightly ‎ 考查副词。修饰形容词tied用副词。故填tightly。‎ ‎6. to try ‎ 考查非谓语。in turn to do是固定搭配，指＂轮流去做＂。故填to try。‎ ‎7. none ‎ 考查代词。句意：父亲让别的儿子挨个儿试试，看他们是否能把那捆树枝折断，但谁也做不到。故填none。‎ ‎8. said ‎ 考查时态。the father是句子的谓语，根据上下文可知用一般过去时态。故填said。‎ ‎9. the ‎ 考查冠词。the whole time是固定搭配，是＂自始至终＂的意思。the。‎ ‎10. divided ‎ 考查非谓语。句意：团结则存，分裂则亡。这句话完整为：If we are united, we stand; If we are divided, we fall.此处用过去分词作状语。故填divided。‎