【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句考点探索及典题演练学案(9页word版)

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【英语】2018届二轮复习名词性从句考点探索及典题演练学案(9页word版)

‎2018届二轮复习 名 词 性 从 句考点探索及典题演练 考点探索 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 作及物动词宾语 作介词宾语 that 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 Whether/if(是否)‎ 放于句首时只用whether 用whether/if均可,但有区别 只用whether 只用whether 只用whether 特殊疑问词 注意语序要用陈述语序 名词性关系从句 注意语序要用陈述语序 一、that 从句 ‎1、主语从句 ‎(1)that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:‎ It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句 It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句 It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句 ‎(2)that可以省略,但that从句位于句首时,that不能省略。‎ ‎2、宾语从句 ‎(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think, make, consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。‎ ‎(2)That从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except, in 的宾语。‎ ‎3、表语从句(that不可省略)‎ ‎4、同位语从句 连词that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词之后,如:fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem,‎ ‎ possibility等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。‎ 二、whether/if从句 ‎1、在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时,只能用whether不用if;当it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可;discuss后引导宾语从句时,必须用whether。‎ ‎2、在宾语从句中:‎ ‎(1)及物动词后:whether从句中不能有否定式,宾语从句为否定句时用if;if不能与or not连用,但可以用whether or not;whether后可以加不定式。‎ ‎(2)介词后:只能用whether,不用if。‎ 三、特殊疑问词引导的从句 ‎1、主语从句:特殊疑问词引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语。‎ ‎2、宾语从句 ‎(1)常见的能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。‎ ‎(2)作介词宾语。‎ ‎3、同位语从句、表语从句 四、名词性关系从句 What=the thing(s) which/that, whoever=anyone who, whichever=anyone/anything that, whatever=anything that, where=the place where, when=the time when 五、名词性从句的几个难点 ‎(一)that不可省略的情况 ‎1、主语从句,that从句置于句首时;‎ ‎2、当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略;‎ ‎3、由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中,that不可以省略。‎ ‎(二)wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别 Wh-ever既可引导名词性从句,又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎(三)as if/though, because, why可以引导表语从句 注意:because引导的表语从句,主语不能是reason或cause,而且since,as不能引导表语从句。‎ ‎(四)that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别 That引导的同位语从句成分是完整的,that在从句中不担当任何成分;that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的,that在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。‎ 典题演练 一单句改错 ‎1.(2016·新课标Ⅰ) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.‎ ‎1.that → where句意:我的叔叔是我住处附近一家餐馆的拥有者。宾语从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。‎ ‎2.(2016·新课标Ⅱ) My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.‎ ‎2.how → what句意:我和我的同学们正在讨论假期该干什么。此处应用“what+不定式”作动词短语talk about的宾语,同时what还要作动词do的逻辑宾语。‎ ‎3.(2015·新课标Ⅱ) After looking at the toy for some time,he ‎ turned around and found where his parents were missing.‎ ‎3.where → that或去掉where句意:看了一会儿玩具之后,他转身发现父母亲不见了。found后是宾语从句,从句中不缺少成分且意义完整,故用that引导,that可以省略。‎ 用恰当的连接词填空 ‎1.(2016·北京,24) Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.‎ ‎1.Whatever句意:你的支持对于我们的工作很重要,不管你做什么都能帮助我们。分析句子成分可知,本空需要连接代词whatever引导主语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。‎ ‎2.(2016·北京,29) The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ ‎2.that句意:雨季最让人感到快乐的是,人们可以完全摆脱灰尘。分析句子结构可知,本空需要连接词引导表语从句,连接词在从句中不作任何成分,也无任何意义,只起连接作用,故用that引导。‎ ‎3.(2016·天津,11) The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ ‎3.that句意:经理提出了一条建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。suggestion后是同位语从句,从句的结构和意义均完整,故用that引导。‎ ‎4.(2015·北京,35) ________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ ‎4.How句意:我们如何理解事情和我们的感受有很大的关系。主语从句中缺少的是表示“如何”的方式状语,所以这里使用how引导。‎ ‎5.(2015·福建,29) —I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.‎ ‎—By working out every day.‎ ‎5.how句意:—— 我想知道这么多年来玛丽是怎样保持身材的。——通过每天锻炼。根据答语中的“By working out every day”,可知问句问方式,所以用how引导宾语从句。‎ ‎6.(2015·湖南,26) You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.‎ ‎6.where句意:如果你想要计划好去那里的最好方式,你必须要知道你到底去哪里。根据句意可知,宾语从句中缺少一个地点状语,所以这里使用where引导。‎ ‎7.(2015·重庆,8) We must find out ________ Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.‎ ‎7.when句意:我们必须弄清卡尔什么时间来,那样我们可以给他定一个房间。根据句意可知填when。‎ ‎8.(2014·广东,20) I didn't understand ________this would happen and...‎ ‎8.why句意:我不理解为什么这会发生…… understand后是宾语从句,根据didn't understand判断,从句的引导词表示“为什么”意义,故填why。‎ ‎9.(2014·福建,34) Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.‎ ‎9.what句意:振作起来。勇气就是做你害怕做的事情。所填词引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语,指事物,故填what。‎ ‎10.(2014·浙江,8)“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me.‎ ‎10.what句意:“每次吃甜食时,喝点绿茶。”这是我母亲以前经常告诉我的。所填词引导表语从句,并在从句中作tell的宾语,指事物,故填what。‎ ‎11.(2014·四川,2) Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That's ________ I was born.” ‎ ‎11.where句意:奶奶指着那家医院说:“那就是我出生的地方。”所填词引导表语从句,在从句中作地点状语,故填where。‎ ‎12.(2014·重庆,12) —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ ‎—Yeah,but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.‎ ‎12.why句意:——迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取,是真的吗?——是的,但我不知道他为什么这样做;那是他最喜欢的大学之一。所填词引导同位语从句,修饰名词idea,并在从句中表示原因,故用why。‎ ‎13.(2014·陕西,15) ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.‎ ‎13.When句意:延迟的航班何时起飞主要取决于天气情况。所填词引导主语从句,在从句中作时间状语,故填When。‎ ‎1.分析句子结构,确定主句的谓语动词,确定主句的主谓结构,查看句子成分是否残缺。‎ ‎2.弄清楚句子结构,分析从句在主句中所充当的成分,确定从句所属类型:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句,判断连接词的使用是否正确。‎ 名词性从句的考点主要集中在从句的引导词上。解决此类题首先要明确各种名词性从句都由哪些词来引导,再通过句子结构判断出是名词性从句后,分析从句所缺的句子成分及所填的词要表达的具体意义,从而明确答案。‎ ‎ (2015·陕西,19) Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for ________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.‎ ‎【解析】what句意: 读了她的自传,我非常羡慕多莉丝·莱辛在文学中所获得的成就。what 引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。‎ ‎ (2014·广西,24) Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.‎ ‎【解析】when句意:土豆被引进到欧洲的确切时间还不确定,但可能是在1565年左右。所填词引导主语从句,并在从句中作状语,表示时间,故用when。‎
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