2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修6-Module+5+Cloning

2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修6-Module+5+Cloning

‎ [话题素材]‎ 好词 ‎1．medical adj. 医学的；医疗的 2.debate n. & v. 辩论；争论 ‎3．technology n. 技术 4.advantage n. 优点；优势 ‎5．consequence n. 结果；后果 6.lead_to/result_in 导致 ‎7．hold_the_view_that... 持……观点，认为 ‎8．apply...to... 把……应用于…… 9.go against 违背 ‎10．as far as I am_concerned 就我而言 11.be_in_the_lead 领先 ‎12．negative effect 负面影响 ‎13．scientific_breakthrough 科学突破 ‎14．With_the_development_of 随着……的发展 ‎15．improve the_quality_of life for humans 提高人类的生活质量 佳句 ‎1．Only_in_this_way can we use cloning to benefit people much.‎ 只有用这种方法，我们才能用克隆来使人们受益很多。‎ ‎2．In_addition,_cloning can make_contributions_to the animals which are at the edge of extinction.‎ 另外，克隆技术可以为处于灭绝边缘的动物们作出贡献。‎ ‎3．Cloning is one kind of advanced_science_and_technology,_it will bring_benefit_to human beings.‎ 克隆是一种先进的科学技术，能造福于人类。,[精美语篇]‎ As is known to us all, cloning is not a new word now. However, human cloning has caused much debate.‎ Some people hold the view that cloning is a great breakthrough in science, which can be used to save people's lives. What's more, it is good news for those who can't have babies. However, others hold the opposite opinion. They think human cloning goes against nature and leads to a lot of trouble. For example, if we can really clone humans, who can guarantee their legal rights?‎ As far as I am concerned, we should apply this technology to medical research. Only when we use it in a proper way can we get a good consequence.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．emotion (n.) 情感 ‎2．refuse (v.) 拒绝，回绝 ‎3．fear (n.) 害怕，恐惧 ‎4．cure (v.) 治愈 ‎5．suspect (n.) 嫌疑人 ‎6．absorb (v.) 吸收；吸引 ‎7．arise (v.) (问题、困难等)发生，出现 ‎8．terrify (v.) 使惊恐，使受惊吓→terrified (adj.) 恐惧的→terrifying (adj.) 令人恐惧的→terrorist (n.) 恐怖分子 ‎9．disgust (v.) 使觉得恶心；使厌烦→disgusting (adj.) 令人厌烦的→disgusted (adj.) 恶心的 ‎10．breathe (v.) 呼吸→breath (n.) 呼吸 ‎11．beneficial (adj.) 有益的；有用的→benefit (n.& v．) 好处；有益 ‎12．resist (v.) 抵抗→resistance (n.) 抵抗，反抗 ‎13．imaginary (adj.) 假想的，虚构的→imagine (v.) 想象→_imagination (n.) 想象 ‎14．handy (adj.) 方便的，便利的→hand (n. & v．) 手/传递→handily (adv.) 简便地，附近地，方便地 ‎15．violence (n.) 暴力→violent (adj.) 暴力的；强烈的 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．contrast_with 　与……形成对照 ‎2．by_mistake 错误地 ‎3．treat...as 把……当成……对待 ‎4．again_and_again 一再，屡次 ‎5．rely_on/depend_on 依靠，依赖 ‎6．burn_out (火)燃尽，烧完自灭 ‎7．as_follows 如下 ‎8．as_far_as_we_know 据我们所知 ‎9．make_a_sound 发出声音 ‎10．throw_oneself_on... 扑倒在……上 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．while＋doing 状语从句的省略 While_studying at university, he discovers the secret of how to create life.(教材P58)‎ 还在上大学时，他就发现了怎样创造生命的秘密。‎ ‎2．It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他的强调句型 It_was on a cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time.(教材P58)‎ 我是在11月一个寒冷的晚上首次看到我的作品的。‎ ‎3．wish后接宾语从句，从句使用虚拟语气 ‎“I wish_I_had_not_created this creature, I wish_I_was on the other side of the world, I ‎ wish_I_could_disappear！”(教材P59)‎ ‎“但愿我没有制造出那个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一边，但愿我可以消失得无影无踪！”‎ ‎4．to do形式在句中作主语 But to_rely_on_a_few_cloned_animals_or_crops would restrict the biodiversity of the breed.(教材P65)‎ 但是，仅仅依赖少数几种克隆动植物会限制生物品种的多样性。‎ ‎5．as far as we know，... “据我们所知……”‎ ‎... as_far_as_we_know,_mosquitoes that old do no exist.(教材P67)‎ ‎……据我们所知，生存那么久的蚊子不存在。‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．While ________ (study) at university, he discovers the secret of how to create life.‎ 答案：studying ‎2．However, the monster, ________ has learnt to speak, is intelligent and has human emotions.‎ 答案：who ‎3．________ the end of the story, the monster disappears into the ice and snow ________ (end) his own life.‎ 答案：At; to end ‎4．It was on a cold November night ________ I saw my creation for the first time.‎ 答案：that ‎5．It was already one in the morning and the rain ________ (fall) against the window.‎ 答案：fell ‎6．At last I threw ________ (me) on the bed in my clothes, ________ (try) to find a few moments of sleep.‎ 答案：myself; trying ‎7．I hid in the garden and stayed there till morning, ________ (terrify) by what I had done.‎ 答案：terrified ‎8．There are at least two teams of ________ (scientist) which are trying to clone humans.‎ 答案：scientists ‎9．He may even possess new vices instead ________ existing virtues!‎ 答案：of ‎10．What is clear is ________ some voluntary code of practice among scientists has to be agreed.‎ 答案：that ‎1　　beneficial　adj.有益的；有用的 Do you think cloning may be beneficial/ helpful to humans？(P61)‎ 你认为克隆对人类有益吗？‎ ‎(1)be beneficial to＝be of benefit to 对……有利/有益处 ‎(2)benefit v. 有利于；受益；获利　n. 益处；好处 benefit sb./sth. 对某人/物有益 benefit from/by 从……中获益；得益于 for the benefit of sb.＝for sb.'s benefit 为了某人的利益；为了帮助某人 ‎①[2014·辽宁高考，阅读理解A]While more notes are beneficial,_if the notes are taken mindlessly, the benefit disappears.‎ 虽然记更多的笔记有好处，但如果盲目地记笔记，那好处也就消失了。‎ ‎②[2013·辽宁高考]However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.‎ 然而，宽恕是可能的，它会给你的身心健康带来意想不到的收获。‎ ‎③[2013·四川高考]Keep it in mind, and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.‎ 记住它，我们逐渐地就可以养成这种好的学习习惯并且从中获益。‎ ‎④[牛津词典]I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week.‎ 我帮上星期缺席的人打印了些课堂笔记。‎ ‎－特别提示－‎ ‎“(be) of＋抽象名词”的用法与形容词用法相同，在句中可作表语、定语、补语。常见的这样的抽象名词有use, value, help, importance, difference等，前面可用little, some, any, no, great, not much等修饰；有的可用同根形容词代替。‎ ‎⑤[牛津词典]The new regulations will be of benefit to everyone concerned.‎ 新规章将使所有有关人员受益。‎ ‎2　　cure　v．治愈；治疗；矫正；改正　n．治愈；治疗；治疗方法 We could use cloning to cure illnesses.(P61)‎ 我们可以利用克隆技术来治病。‎ ‎(1)cure sb. of＋疾病名称，治好某人的病；消除某人的忧虑 ‎(2)a cure for... ……的治疗方法；问题的解决方法 ‎(3)beyond cure不可救药 ‎①[2014·江西高考，阅读理解C改编]Tens of thousands of blind people are cured every year.‎ 每年有成千上万的盲人被治愈。‎ ‎②[2013·陕西高考，阅读理解A改编]To read collection of poems originally written to encourage is a cure for chronic depression.‎ 读励志的诗集是一种对长期抑郁的治疗方法。‎ ‎③[朗文高级辞典]90% of patients can be cured of the disease.‎ 这种疾病90%的患者都可以治愈。‎ 易混辨析 cure 指“治愈、治好”，其后既可以直接加“某种疾病”，也可用于cure sb. of sth.结构 treat 指“治疗”，即治病的过程，一般用于treat sb. for sth.。此外，treat还有“宴请，招待”之意 heal 指伤口、外伤的“愈合、痊愈”。还可指治愈心灵、精神上的创伤 recover ‎“康复、痊愈”，主语是人，常用于recover from ‎④选词填空(cure/treat/heal/recover)‎ a．The cut on my leg has ________.‎ b．The medicine will ________ you of your bad cold.‎ c．He ________ from his illness.‎ d．The doctor ________ her for earache.‎ 答案：a.healed　b．cure　c．recovered　d．treated ‎－特别提示－‎ 动词cure可构成cure sb. of sth.结构，我们学过的类似的动词还有：‎ ‎①accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事(罪)‎ ‎②convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 ‎③rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 ‎④suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某物 ‎⑤rid sb. of sth. 摆脱某人某物 ‎⑥warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 ‎3　　resist　v．抵抗，反抗，对抗，抗拒；忍住(用于否定句)‎ ‎...for example, a prize cow which can resist becteria or disease...(P65)‎ ‎……例如，一种优秀的可以抵抗菌和疾病的奶牛……‎ ‎(1)resist doing sth. 反对做某事 can't resist (doing) sth. 无法抗拒(做)某事的诱惑 resist the temptation 经得起诱惑 ‎(2)resistant adj. 有抵抗力的；抵制的 be resistant to 对……有抵抗力的 ‎(3)resistance n. 抗拒；反对；阻力 resistance_to 对……抵制 ‎①[2012·北京高考，阅读理解C]This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist_eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress...‎ 这种现象对那些在压力下试图抵抗住自己想吃饼干和吸烟的人来说可能不那么让人惊讶……‎ ‎②[2011·上海高考]Among them are special windows that are_resistant_to dirt and water.‎ 它们之间是特殊的能防尘、防水的窗子。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]He couldn't_resist_showing off his new car.‎ 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。‎ ‎4　　accompany　vt.陪伴；陪同；与……同时发生；为……伴奏 Accompanied by Hammond's two grandchildren, they are sent on a tour through Jurassic Park in computercontrolled cars.(P67)‎ 被哈蒙德的两个孙子陪伴，他们乘坐由电脑控制的汽车被送去游览侏罗纪公园。‎ ‎(1)accompany sb. to some place 陪伴某人去某地 accompany sb. at/on 用……为某人伴奏 accompany...with/by 与……同时存在或发生 ‎(2)keep sb. company 陪伴某人 in company with 与……一起 ‎(3)companion n. 同伴；伙伴 ‎①[2013·重庆高考，书面表达]In my opinion, no matter how busy we may be, we should try our best to spend more time talking with them and accompanying them.‎ 依我看来，不管我们多么忙，我们应该尽最大努力花时间与他们聊天，陪伴他们。‎ ‎②[人教①－3]There was almost no wind—only the flames of our fire for company.‎ 几乎没有风——只有篝火的火焰与我们作伴。‎ ‎③[2011·天津高考]When I was a little girl, I would often accompany_you as you modeled for fashion photographers.‎ 当我是个小女孩时，我经常跟着你，那时你担任时尚摄影师的模特。‎ ‎④[牛津词典]The singer was accompanied_on the piano by her sister.‎ 女歌手由她姐姐钢琴伴奏。‎ ‎⑤[朗文高级辞典]Rita's husband is away for the week, so I thought I'd go over and keep her company.‎ 丽塔的丈夫这个星期外出不在家，所以我想过去和她做伴。‎ ‎5　　absorb　vt.吸收，理解，掌握，使专心 In fact, only females can absorb the DNA of another creature.(P67)‎ 事实上，只有雌性的蚊子才能够吸收另外一种动物的DNA。‎ ‎(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention＝absorb/attract/draw the attention of sb. 吸引某人的注意力 ‎(2)absorbed adj. 精神集中的 be absorbed in 专心致志于 be absorbed into 被吸收(纳入)‎ ‎(3)absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的；引人入胜的 ‎①[2013·四川高考]Our good learning habits will make us study more easily and efficiently and absorb knowledge completely.‎ 我们良好的学习习惯会使我们更容易、更有效地学习，而且完全吸收知识。‎ ‎②[2015·福建高考]A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was_absorbed_in his reading.‎ 一束微弱的光透过墙上的一个小孔射进来，他专心致志地读书。‎ ‎③[北师大④－12]I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me.‎ 我一直忙于学习，并试图了解身边所有的新事物。‎ ‎④[朗文高级辞典]We were soon absorbed into local village life.‎ 我们很快就融入了当地的乡村生活。‎ 过关演练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2014·重庆高考，阅读理解C改编]Humans' walking on water is risky but ________ (benefit)．‎ 答案：beneficial ‎2．[2013·山东高考，阅读理解D]Pearson ________(resist), arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers to Sparrow restaurants.‎ 答案：resisted ‎3．[2012·福建高考]China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________ the benefit of all its citizens.‎ 答案：for ‎4．[2014·湖南高考]Children, when ________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.‎ 答案：accompanied ‎5．[2014·湖南高考，阅读改编]Hopping from one place to the next hardly gives an opportunity ________ (absorb) our travel experiences.‎ 答案：to absorb ‎6．Absorbed ________ writing the article, Mrs Curie even forgot her dinner.‎ 答案：in ‎7．There will be fierce ________ (resist) to these proposals(提议)．‎ 答案：resistance ‎8．He never gave up ________(chase) after his dream in his youth.‎ 答案：chasing ‎9．The snow was icy and white, ________ (constrast) with the brilliant blue sky.‎ 答案：constrasting ‎10．[2015·湖北高考]Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, ________ (cure) diseases and make bombs.‎ 答案：cure ‎1　　treat...as... 把……当成……对待 Donaville thinks scientists treated Dolly the sheep as a product. (P62)‎ 栋维尔认为科学家们把多丽羊当成一个产品看待。‎ ‎(1)treat sb. with respect/kindness尊敬某人/善待某人 treat well/badly 善待/虐待 ‎(2)treat sb. for sth. 治疗某人的……病 ‎(3)treat sb. to sth. 用……招待某人 ‎①[2014·天津高考，书面表达]Our teachers are kind to us and treat us as their friends.‎ 我们的老师对我们很体贴把我们当成他们的朋友。‎ ‎②[2011·四川高考]All visitors to this village are treated with kindness.‎ 到这个村子的所有游客都受到善待。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]The crowd were treated to a superb display of tennis.‎ 观众看了一场精彩的网球赛，大饱眼福。‎ ‎2　　get out of control 摆脱控制 The dinosaurs start to get out of control...(P67)‎ 恐龙开始摆脱控制……‎ ‎(1)out_of control 失去控制 in control of 控制着 under/in the control of 受……的管理/控制 ‎(2)under control 被控制住 beyond control 无法控制 ‎(3)lose control of 失去对……的控制 take/gain control of 得到/取得对……的控制 ‎①[2014·湖北高考]This boy's teacher was in tears, and could not get_control_of the situation.‎ 无法控制那种情形，这个男孩的老师在流泪。‎ ‎②[2013·四川高考]But they were no match for it and the boat was out_of_control.‎ 但他们不是它的对手，船失去了控制。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]The city is in_the_control_of enemy forces.‎ 那座城市现处于敌军的控制之下。‎ ‎3　　break down 分解；出故障；(身体)垮掉；失败；精神崩溃；破坏，消除 When life ends, DNA breaks down and does not repair itself.(P67)‎ 当生命结束后，DNA发生分解并且不能自我修复。‎ break into 破门而入 break in 闯入；插嘴；打断 break out (战争/地震/火灾等)爆发 break through 突围；突破 break up 分手；解散；结束 break away from 脱离 break off 中断 ‎①[2014·天津高考]The two countries are going to meet to break_down some barriers to trade between them.‎ 两国将要会晤扫除障碍进行贸易往来。‎ ‎②[人教⑤－2]On my way to the station my car broke_down.‎ 去车站的路上，我的车坏了。‎ ‎③[人教②－5]The band broke_up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid1980s.‎ 乐队在1970年前后解散了，但幸运的是，到20世纪80年代中期他们又重新组合起来。‎ ‎④[朗文高级辞典]The sun broke_through at around lunch time.‎ 大约午饭时分，太阳破云而出。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 on the contrary; treat...as...; bring sb. back to life; contrast with; under control; be gifted in; break out; out of control ‎1．[2013·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Good public speaking training should ________ you ________ a special one, with your own personal habits.‎ 答案：treat; as ‎2．By ten o'clock, things were ________.‎ 答案：out of control ‎3．A fire ________ last night.‎ 答案：broke out ‎4．Don't worry—everything is ________！‎ 答案：under control ‎5．________ the other children, he is shy and quiet.‎ 答案：Contrasted with ‎6．The doctors ________ after a week's treatment.‎ 答案：brought her back to life ‎7．He didn't stay home last night; ________， he went out with his friends.‎ 答案：on the contrary ‎8．[2015·四川高考]Brian ________ writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.‎ 答案：is gifted in ‎1　　I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear！(P59)‎ 但愿我没有制造出这个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一边，但愿我可以消失得无影无踪！‎ 本句中含有wish＋宾语从句，意为“但愿……，希望……”，表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望。是虚拟语气的句子。‎ ‎(1)wish＋宾语从句，用虚拟语气形式如下：‎ ‎①did/were(表示与现在事实相反的愿望)‎ ‎②had_done/been(表示与过去事实相反的愿望)‎ ‎③would/could/might＋动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的愿望)‎ ‎(2)wish to_do sth.希望做某事 wish sb._to_do sth. 希望某人做某事 wish for sth. 希望得到某物 ‎①[2014·北京高考，书面表达]I wish you could_understand.‎ 我希望你能理解。‎ ‎②[2012·广东高考改编]I wish_to_find some pen friends for my students.‎ 我想给学生们找一些笔友。‎ ‎③[牛津词典]I wish I hadn't_eaten so much.‎ 我倒希望我没有吃这么多。‎ ‎④[朗文高级辞典]I wish_you'd_stop treating me like a child!‎ 我真希望你别再把我当成小孩子了！‎ 过关演练 完成句子 ‎1．[2015·陕西高考]Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________.‎ Ellen是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。‎ 答案：danced as well as her ‎2．I wish that all the matter ________________.‎ 我希望所有的一切都会有一个好结局。‎ 答案：would have a good end ‎3．How I wish I ________ a middle school student!‎ 我多希望自己还是个中学生啊！‎ 答案：were still ‎4．I wish I ________ like a bird freely.‎ 我希望我能像小鸟一样自由歌唱。‎ 答案：could sing ‎5．I wish that we ________ each other before.‎ 我希望我们以前就认识彼此。‎ 答案：had known 虚拟语气(1)‎ 含义：虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望，假想或建议。‎ 当if引导非真实条件状语从句时，虚拟语气情况如下：‎ 情况 if非真实条件句的谓语 主句的谓语 与现在事实相反 一般过去时 would/could/should/‎ might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 would/could/should/‎ might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反 一般过去时/‎ were to do/should do would/could/should/ might＋动词原形 完成句子 ‎1．[2014·山东高考]If he hadn't_helped_me,_I couldn't have won the prize finally.‎ 如果他没有帮助我，我不会最终获奖的。‎ ‎2．[北师大⑧－24]If I were you, I'd_study_finance.‎ 如果我是你，我就学金融。‎ ‎3．If he should come/were to come/came here tomorrow, I would_talk to him.‎ 如果他明天来这儿，我就和他谈一谈。‎ wish后面接宾语从句时，宾语从句中的虚拟语气一般分为以下三种情况：‎ ‎(1)如果假想的情况与主语的愿望同时发生，则宾语从句谓语动词用过去式，be动词用were的形式。‎ ‎(2)假如宾语从句中的谓语动作发生在主语的愿望之前，则从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎(3)如果宾语从句中假想的情况在主语的愿望之后发生，从句谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”的形式。‎ 完成句子 ‎4．[牛津词典]I wish I were_taller.‎ 我要是个子高一些就好了。‎ ‎5．[牛津词典]I wish you wouldn't_leave your clothes all over the floor.‎ 我真希望你不把衣服丢得满地都是。‎ ‎6．How I wish she had_helped me yesterday!‎ 我多么希望她昨天帮助我了！‎ ‎－特别提示－‎ 在条件状语从句中可省略if，把were, should, had提到句首，变为倒装句。‎ 过关演练 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·北京高考]If I ________(see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.‎ 答案：hadn't seen ‎2．If she had been aware that the mushrooms were poisonous, she ________ (pick) them for dinner.‎ 答案：wouldn't have picked ‎3．[2014·福建高考]________(be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.‎ 答案：Were ‎4．I wish I ________ (go) to see the film with him yesterday.‎ 答案：had gone ‎5．[2014·北京高考]We ________ (be) back in the hotel now if you ________ (lose) the map.‎ 答案：would be; hadn't lost