2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案设计（21页解析版）

2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案设计（21页解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit 3Inventors and inventions单元学案设计 ‎【课前预习】‎ Ⅰ.情景默写 ‎1.BookCrossing provides an identification(身份证明)number to stick inside the book.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎2.What criteria (标准) are used for assessing a student’s ability?‎ ‎3.Understanding the instructions requires a ninth grade reading competence (本领).‎ ‎4.Please give him lots of love instead of high expectations (期望)；otherwise he will be loaded with great pressure.‎ ‎5.That girl tapped (轻敲) her fingers on the desk impatiently.‎ ‎6. He seized(抓)her by the arm all of a sudden.‎ ‎7.I checked the files and some of the papers were out__of__order (安排不当).You had better sort them out.‎ ‎8.When you were out，John rang up，and he wanted you to ring__him__back (给他回电话).‎ ‎9.I saw him dive__into (跳入) the river to save a drowning child.‎ ‎10.He went to see his grandmother now__and__then (时不时地).‎ ‎11.Your letter calls__up (使想起) the days when we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.‎ ‎12.Having made up for his mind，he set__about (开始) carrying out the plan.‎ ‎13.It’s the love and responsibility that have driven him to get__through (度过) many hardships and survive.‎ ‎14.If you hang__on (稍等) for a while，I will go and see if I can find your mother.‎ Ⅱ.词性转换 ‎1.He took measures to make up for his fault，which received our recognition (recognize).‎ ‎2.Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical (practice).I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting.‎ ‎3.When the ice is heated above freezing (freeze) point，it begins to change into a liquid state.‎ ‎4.The bus came to an abrupt (abruptly) stop，making many passengers fall off their seats.‎ ‎5.You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient；that is，at his convenience.His house is conveniently near the bus stop.(convenient)‎ ‎6.He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution.You should get on with him cautiously.(caution)‎ ‎7.The commander showed mercy to the prisoners of war and they were treated mercifully.(mercy)‎ ‎8.He is in a very merry mood today and we could hear him singing and dancing merrily (merry).‎ ‎9.In western countries，the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck，but actually there isn’t any association between them.(associate)‎ ‎1.句型公式：There seemed/seems/seem to be...‎ 似乎有更好的办法来解决边界争端。‎ There__seemed__to__be__a__better__way__to__solve__the__border__dispute.‎ ‎2.句型公式：only＋介词短语放于句首的倒装句 只有努力工作我们才能成功。‎ Only__by__working__hard__can__we__succeed.‎ ‎3.句型公式：nor＋助动词＋主语 汤姆不紧张，玛丽也不紧张。‎ Tom__isn’t__nervous，nor__is__Mary.‎ ‎4.句型公式：every time引导时间状语从句 每次我们停下来，每个人都会盯着我看。‎ Every__time__we__stopped，everybody would stare at me.‎ ‎5.句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句 努力学习，你终有一天会成功。‎ Work__hard，and__you’ll__succeed__in__time.‎ ‎6.句型公式：not until的强调句 直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。‎ It__was__not__until__the__next__day__that__I__learned__the__truth.‎ ‎【课内过关】第一板块 重点单词 ‎1.distinguish vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/微写作 ‎①It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man from the other animals.‎ ‎②As far as I know，she has already distinguished herself as an athlete.‎ ‎③Honestly speaking，I admire your distinguished (distinguish) achievements.‎ ‎④阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。‎ Reading__good__books__enriches__our__mind__and__teaches__us__to__distinguishbetween__right__and__wrong.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)distinguish between...and...　区分/辨别……和……‎ distinguish...from... 使……有别于……‎ distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)表现突出 ‎(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 ‎(3)distinguishable adj. 易分辨的；能区分的 ‎2.bear vt.(bore，borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；生育 高考必刷题练透 写出下列句中bear的含义/微写作 ‎①Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？负担 ‎②She has already borne several children.生育 ‎③I can’t bear having pet dogs in the house.忍耐 ‎④我们应该牢记成功源于勤奋，懒惰导致失败。‎ We__should__bear/keep__in__mind__that success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)can’t bear doing/to do sth 不能忍受做某事 can’t bear sb/sb’s doing 不能忍受某人做某事 ‎(2)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担 bear responsibility/the blame 承担责任/受责备 ‎(3)bear/keep sth in mind 记住……‎ bear/keep in mind that... 记住……‎ ‎3.associate vt.联想；联系 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/句型转换 ‎①Write down all the words associated with candles.‎ ‎②Readers will associate themselves (they) closely with what happens in the news stories and share similar feelings with those involved.(2015·江苏卷)‎ ‎③There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking.‎ ‎→There are many serious health problems associated with smoking.(使用分词作定语)‎ ‎→There are many serious health problems in association with smoking.(使用介词短语作定语)‎ 状元笔记全记牢 ‎(1)associate...with...把……和……联系在一起 be associated with... 和……有关 associate with sb 与某人交往或打交道 ‎(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体 in association with... 与……合伙/有关系 第二板块 核心短语 ‎1.call up给……打电话；使想起 高考必刷题练透 介、副词填空/微写作 ‎①I called up my mother to ask if she wanted to live with us in the city.‎ ‎②The Ministry of Education calls on/upon students to exercise for an hour every day.‎ ‎③The game was called off because of the bad weather.‎ ‎④Can you hang on？I’ll see if he’s here.‎ ‎⑤Before I could get in，she rang off，and I had to ring back later.‎ ‎⑥那张照片唤起我对童年的幸福的记忆。‎ That__picture__called__up__the__happy__memories__of__my__childhood.‎ 状元笔记全记牢 call at　拜访(某个地点)‎ call off 取消；停止 call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召；需求 call for (公开)要求；呼吁；需要；去接(某人)‎ call in 召来；请来 ‎【点津】　与“打电话”有关的短语还有：‎ ‎①ring up给……打电话　②ring/call back回复电话 ‎③ring off挂断电话 ④hang/hold on挂断电话 ‎⑤give sb a ring/call给某人打电话 ‎2.get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽 高考必刷题练透 写出下列句中get through的含义 ‎①I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(设法)做完 ‎②I couldn’t get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.设法联系上 ‎③Luckily，the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through.通过 ‎④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完 状元笔记全记牢 get (sth) across (to sb)使(某事)被(某人)理解 get along with sb与某人相处；进展 get away with sth携带某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚 get down to (doing) sth开始做某事；认真处理某事 get over爬过……；克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来 第三板块 经典句式 Follow__it__up，explore__all__around__it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.‎ 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。‎ 高考必刷题练透 单句语法填空/句型转换 ‎①Follow your doctor’s advice，and you will get better soon.‎ ‎②Break away from smoking，or/or__else/otherwise you may die of lung cancer.‎ ‎③If you come in time，you will see your favorite star.‎ ‎→Come__in__time__and__you__will__see__your__favorite__star.(and)‎ ‎→Come__in__time__or__you__will__not__see__your__favorite__star.(or)‎ 状元笔记全记牢 这是一个“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式。‎ ‎(1)“祈使句 ＋ 破折号 ＋ 陈述句”； ‎ ‎(2)“名词词组 ＋ and ＋ 陈述句” (名词词组中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等词)；‎ ‎(3)“祈使句 ＋ or ＋ 陈述句” or表示“否则；要不然的话”， or可用or else或otherwise替换。‎ ‎【课后检测】‎ Ⅰ.课文语法填空 When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.on the phone，she learned that snakes came near their house and that the snakes seemed 2.to__have__made (make) their home near their house.The writer felt proud and 3.considered (consider) it a chance for her to distinguish herself by inventing something 4.merciful (mercy) that would catch snakes but not harm them.She set about 5.researching (research) the habits of snakes.She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught.6.However，her first two plans were not successful.As 7.a result，she had to attempt a 8.third (three) time，which helped her fulfill her aim 9.successfully (success).She was so delighted that she 10.was__determined (determine) to send her invention to the patent office ‎ to get recognition for her successful idea.‎ Ⅱ.课文短文改错 Alexander Graham Bell born in 1847 in Scotland.When he was young，his family moves to Boston，USA.His mother was almost entire deaf.After that，he became interested in help deaf people communicate and in deaf education.He found that by pressing his lips against his mother’s forehead，he could make the bones move in so a way that she could understand that he was saying.It was this exploring around problems which led to his inventions.What’s more，he was in the truth a continuing searcher.I improved the quality of everybody’s life by finding much practical solutions.‎ 答案 Alexander Graham Bell born in 1847 in Scotland.When he was young，his family to Boston，USA.His mother was almost deaf.After that，he became interested in deaf people communicate and in deaf education.He found that by pressing his lips against his mother’s forehead，he could make the bones move in a way that she could understand he was saying.It was this exploring ‎ around problems led to his inventions.What’s more，he was in truth a continuing searcher. improved the quality of everybody’s life by finding practical solutions.‎ Ⅲ.单元要点微写作 根据下面提示写一篇60词左右的短文介绍自己申请志愿者的过程。‎ 我和其他人的不同之处在于我积极参加各项活动。自从我得知这个消息，我就着手申请成为一名志愿者。志愿者工作对我来说是很合适的，我一定会把这项工作做好。如果您能接受我的申请，并给我回电话，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ What distinguishes me from others is that I take an active part in all kinds of activities；therefore，I have set about applying to be a volunteer since I learned the information.The voluntary work is convenient for me and I am bound to do the job well.I will be grateful if you can consider accepting me and calling me up.‎ ‎【综合知识运用】‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 The history of vacuum cleaners (真空吸尘器) in the UK dates back to the early 1900s. Hubert Cecil Booth started the first vacuum cleaner company in the UK，known as the British Vacuum Cleaner Company. It wasn’t long，however，before William Henry Hoover，who had already experienced success with his vacuum cleaners in America，made headway in the vacuum cleaner market in the UK and became more successful than Booth.‎ Hoover’s vacuum cleaners in the UK became such a success that ‘to hoover’ quickly became equal to vacuuming. Some of the earliest domestic vacuum cleaners in the UK used simple reusable cloth bag designs whereby the vacuum cleaner simply collected dust in the bag. Once the bag was full，you could empty and reattach it to the vacuum cleaner.‎ For decades after their introduction，vacuum cleaners in the UK were a luxury item that only the upper class could afford. After World War Ⅱ，however，they became common among the middle class. This was especially true for vacuum cleaners in the UK，because the popularity of carpets means sweeping is not an easy or effective means of carpet cleaning.‎ In 1952，Hoover made the Constellation available to the public for ‎ the first time. Hoover designed it so that people could place the vacuum cleaner in the center of the room and then work around it. After about 20 years of selling these vacuum cleaners in the UK，Hoover stopped the Constellation in 1975.‎ Advances to upright and cylinder vacuum cleaners in the UK continued，enabling vacuum cleaners to become more efficient and effective. The 1990s saw the introduction of the first bagless domestic vacuum cleaners in the UK. Despite many an industry fears consumers would not be prepared to pay the high price，bagless vacuum cleaners became a big success in the UK.‎ As for the future，vacuum cleaners in the UK are expected to become even more energy－efficient.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了真空吸尘器在英国的发展史。‎ ‎1.What can be inferred from the first paragraph?‎ A.Hoover entered the UK vacuum cleaner market before the 1900s.‎ B.Hoover’s vacuum cleaners were more advanced than Booth’s.‎ C.Hoover’s vacuum cleaners were very popular in the UK market.‎ D.Vacuum cleaners were invented later in the UK than in America.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It wasn’t long，however，before William Henry Hoover，who had already experienced success with his vacuum cleaners in America，made headway in the vacuum cleaner market in the UK and became more successful than Booth.”可知，在美国已经取得成功的William Henry Hoover在英国的真空吸尘器市场上比Booth获得了更大的成功，由此可知，William Henry Hoover的真空吸尘器在英国市场上非常受欢迎，故C项正确。]‎ ‎2.What was the cloth bag on the earliest domestic vacuum cleaners used for?‎ A.Decorating the vacuum cleaners.‎ B.Making the vacuum cleaners more efficient.‎ C.Lightening the vacuum cleaners.‎ D.Collecting dust.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some of the earliest domestic vacuum cleaners in the UK used simple reusable cloth bag designs whereby the vacuum cleaner simply collected dust in the bag.”可知，早期家用吸尘器上的布袋是用来装灰尘的，故D项正确。]‎ ‎3.What was the most remarkable characteristic of the Constellation?‎ A.It was only used by the upper class.‎ B.Its design allowed the user to work around it.‎ C.It was upright and cylinder.‎ D.Its price was extremely high at the time.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Hoover designed it so that people could place the vacuum cleaner in the center of the room and then work around it.”可知，Constellation最显著的特点是人们可以把吸尘器放在屋子的中间，在它周围干活，故B项正确。]‎ ‎4.We can learn from the passage that bagless vacuum cleaners ________.‎ A.were so popular that they could fulfill all UK customers’ demands B.were the most energy－efficient vacuum cleaners C.were not accepted by UK customers D.were expensive when they made their first public appearance in the UK 答案　D　[细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The 1990s saw the introduction of the first bagless domestic vacuum cleaners in the UK.Despite many an industry fears consumers would not be prepared to pay the high price，bagless vacuum cleaners became a big success in the UK.”可知，无袋式吸尘器刚问世时价格昂贵，故D项正确。]‎ Ⅱ.七选五 Out of the cold There are no known cures for colds and the flu，so cold and flu prevention should be your goal.The most effective way of preventing the flu is to get the flu shot.__1__ But there are other techniques you can employ as well.Here are some tips you can use to help prevent colds and the flu naturally：‎ Put a box of tissues(纸巾)wherever people sit.Place tissue boxes strategically around the house，at work，and in the car.__2__ Then anyone who has to cough or blow their nose can use them in a way least likely to spread bacteria.‎ Leave the windows open in winter.Not all of them，but one or two in the rooms in which you spend the most time.__3__‎ Add green tea and an apple to your morning break.Recent research by food nutritionists at Auckland University in New Zealand，found that eating food rich in flavonoids(类黄酮) could lower the risk of adults catching a cold by as much as 33%.__4__ Eating five servings of vegetables and two servings of fruit each day in a variety of colours is a great way to make sure you get enough flavonoids in your diet.‎ ‎__5__ The knuckle (指关节) is less likely to have viruses than your fingertip.The eye provides a perfect entry point for bacteria，and the average person rubs his eyes or nose or scratches his face 20－50 times a day，making fingers particularly good at spreading bacteria.‎ A.It works better than anything else.‎ B.You need to make them widely available.‎ C.Use your knuckle to gently rub your eyes.‎ D.Fresh air does wonders for chasing out bacteria.‎ E.Never come into direct contact with viruses and bacteria.‎ F.They are found in green tea，apples，blueberries，red wine and cocoa.‎ G.When you feel a cough coming，use a tissue，then throw it away immediately.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是说明文，文章提供了预防感冒的小贴士。‎ ‎1.A　[由上一句The most effective way of preventing the flu is to get the flu shot可知，打流感针比其他方法更有效。]‎ ‎2.B　[由上一句Place tissue boxes strategically around the house，at work，and in the car可知，应该把纸巾放到伸手就能够到的地方。]‎ ‎3.D　[把一两扇窗户打开的目的是让新鲜空气进来，所以D项符合语境。]‎ ‎4.F　[本段主要说明类黄酮的重要性，F项中的They指的就是类黄酮。]‎ ‎5.C　[由下一句The knuckle is less likely to have viruses than your ‎ fingertip可知，本段小标题应该是C项。]‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 The fighting for SUCCESS always begins with a target.But too many people__1__ through life like sleepwalkers.Each day they follow familiar__2__，never asking，“What am I doing with my life？” And they don’t know what they’re doing because they lack__3__.‎ Goal－setting is a focusing of the __4__to move in a certain direction.Begin with a clear__5__of what you want.Write down your goals and date them—putting them into__6__makes them clearer to you.Rather than concentrating on__7__objects to acquire and possess，focus on satisfying your desires to do，to produce，to contribute，which gives you a true sense of__8__we all need.‎ It’s important to picture yourself__9__your goal.What often happens is that__10__tend to picture the terrible consequences of failure，while winners picture the__11__of success.I’ve seen it among athletes，business people and public speakers.‎ I’ve done it myself.I was afraid of__12__travel.Friends showed me statistics contrasting air and highway__13__，but it made no difference，because I had read too many articles describing__14__scenes and imagined these scenes vividly.I had programmed myself, without ‎ realizing it，to__15__planes.‎ Then one summer I had the__16__to fly on a private plane with friends.I didn’t want to miss a great__17__.So I spent two weeks imagining a smooth flight and easy__18__.‎ When the day arrived，I was__19__to go.To everyone’s surprise，I got on the plane and flew with them without hesitation.I loved__20__minute of it，and I still use the techniques I employed that day.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　成功的奋斗始于目标。目标的设定应注意什么；想象目标完成的重要性在本文中均有说明。‎ ‎1.A.run B.march ‎ C.wander D.hurry 答案　C　[根据空前的“But”与上句中的“target”形成转折关系；以及空后的“sleepwalkers”可推知答案为C。]‎ ‎2.A.routines B.guides ‎ C.exercises D.teachers 答案　A　[名词辨析。routines常规；guide导游，向导；exercise练习；teacher教师。]‎ ‎3.A.experiences B.actions ‎ C.methods D.goals 答案　D　[根据下段的开头“Goal－setting”可知答案。]‎ ‎4.A.light B.will ‎ C.breath D.blood 答案　B　[设定目标是指集中意志向一特定的方向前行。]‎ ‎5.A.impression B.theory ‎ C.idea D.sky 答案　C　[此句意：首先你要清楚知道你要什么。idea想法，符合语意。]‎ ‎6.A.words B.hearts ‎ C.bags D.pockets 答案　A　[通过空前的“Write down your goals”可知，把目标写成文会让其更清晰。]‎ ‎7.A.metal B.cheap ‎ C.boring D.valuable 答案　D　[此句意：不要关注去得到或拥有宝贵的东西，而是集中去做些能满足自身愿望的事情。]‎ ‎8.A.humour B.satisfaction C.direction D.justice 答案　B　[集中去做能满足愿望的事，逐渐会给你所需要的满意或满足感。注意空前的“satisfying your desires”这一语境。]‎ ‎9.A.setting B.writing C.accomplishing D.seeking 答案　C　[想象自己会实现目标这点很重要。accomplish one’s goal实现目标。]‎ ‎10.A.losers B.heroes ‎ C.adults D.children 答案　A　[根据空后的“failure”“winners”可知答案。]‎ ‎11.A.records B.awards ‎ C.effects D.rewards 答案　D　[失败者想到的是失败的后果，而成功者想到的是成功的回馈。reward与前面的consequence对应。]‎ ‎12.A.land B.air ‎ C.sea D.desert 答案　B　[根据下文的“air”“plane”可知答案。]‎ ‎13.A.speed B.cost ‎ C.safety D.comfort 答案　C　[朋友们向我提供数据来比较飞行与高速公路行车的安全性，但对我来说没什么效果(仍怕坐飞机)。]‎ ‎14.A.crash B.mountain ‎ C.ocean D.forest ‎ 答案　A　[许多文章都曾描述过飞机失事的场面。crash撞击，坠落；符合语境。]‎ ‎15.A.cut off B.put off ‎ C.pay off D.stay off 答案　D　[根据上文所述可知，作者告诫自己要远离飞机(stay off)。]‎ ‎16.A.plan B.opportunity C.courage D.strength 答案　B　[根据下文的“I didn’t want to miss”可知，作者有次机会与朋友坐飞机旅行。]‎ ‎17.A.train B.plane C.vacation D.lecture 答案　C　[不想错过很好的度假机会，故选vacation(假期)。根据文章大意可排除A、D。若选B指“不愿错过飞机”。]‎ ‎18.A.landing B.travelling ‎ C.going D.operating 答案　A　[因作者惧怕飞机，所以花两周时间去想象有平稳的飞行和不费力的平稳着陆(landing)。]‎ ‎19.A.unwilling B.sorry ‎ C.afraid D.eager ‎ 答案　D　[根据下句“To everyone’s surprise...”可知作者盼望出行。]‎ ‎20.A.a B.every ‎ C.the D.some 答案　B　[享受飞行的每一分钟。]‎