专题05+阅读理解七选五（冲关押题训练）-备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈

专题05+阅读理解七选五（冲关押题训练）-备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈

备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈 专题05 冲关押题训练 Passage 1 ‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 家人一起吃饭的好处 ‎ 214‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 Eating together as a family is a rare thing these days. 　1　.Once I start my own family, I’ll definitely do anything possible to establish a tradition of eating together as a family. Here’s why.‎ ‎　2　‎ When you eat together as a family each day, your children will learn to respect both parents. They know you two are busy, but still find time to share meals with them.‎ Learn good table manners When you have small kids, eating together as a family is an easy way to show and teach them good table manners, of course, if yours are good. 　3　,how to be on time so that other family members don’t starve, and how to behave at the table. You want to be proud of your grown-up kids, don’t you?‎ Create wonderful memories ‎　4　.They will know how important it is to eat together as a family, and will definitely teach their kids to do the same. Your family tradition of sharing meals together as a family will pass down from generation to generation.‎ There are many benefits of eating together as a family that many of us didn’t even think about. Teach your children to appreciate family time and food, and show them how to behave well at the table. 　5　.‎ A. Respect both Mom and Dad B. Your children will learn when it’s best to eat C. They will thank you down the road D. Parents are always busy and kids have their own plans E. When you eat together, you do eat those healthy meals too F. When your children grow up, they will never forget those funny and precious family mealtimes G. It’s an excellent opportunity to become a family unit and improve your relationship with kids ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了家人一起吃饭的好处。家人一起吃饭不仅可以增进家人间的感情，同时还会给彼此留下美好的回忆。‎ ‎1.D 【解析】空前面一句"Eating together as a family is a rare thing these days"说当今，一家人在一起吃饭是很罕见的事，与D项"Parents are always busy and kids have their own plans"(父母忙，孩子有他们自己的规划)意义衔接紧密，并且空前面一句中的family与选项中的Parents, kids相呼应。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】空格处属于段落小标题，接下来的第一句"When you eat together as a family each day, your children will learn to respect both parents"说每天和家人在一起吃饭，你的孩子就会学会尊重父母，这与A项"尊重父母双方"意思相符，并且第一句中的respect在选项中属于原词复现。‎ ‎4.F 【解析】本段的主题就是创造美好的记忆，这与F项"当你的孩子长大后，他们将永远不会忘记那些有趣的和宝贵的聚餐时光"语意衔接紧密，并且F项也是对本段小标题的具体阐释。‎ ‎5.C 【解析】本段前文"There are many benefits of eating together as a family"说到家人一起吃饭有很多好处，接着又说要如何去引导孩子，结合选项可知，此处是说这些做法带来的结果的，故They will thank you down the road合适。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 说明文是阅读理解七选五常考的体裁,随着高考阅读理解七选五题型的不断成熟，选材方面逐渐要求体现社会主义核心价值观和培养学生的核心素养。此篇文章的主题是家人一起吃饭的好处，体现了家庭生活的和谐，这是社会主义核心价值观的一个方面，也是培养学生的核心素养的一个方面。考生不仅要掌握作者的写作意图和观点，而且要能够把握文章的结构和脉络层次，只有了解了这一切，才能比较准确地确定选项。‎ Passage 2 ‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 做一名合格的领导者所应具有的品质 ‎236‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎8分钟 Anyone can try to lead a group. 　1　. Good leaders possess a few qualities that can mean the difference between success and failure of the group. These are the qualities the leaders of higher rank will look for when choosing a leader for a group. They’re also the qualities team members want in a group leader.‎ ‎　2　.‎ Group leaders might share tasks when necessary, but eventually a group leader needs to be able to accept that responsibility lies on his shoulders. That means that if things go wrong in a group project, he’s the one who must accept the consequence and deal with the problem. 　3　, but also he should be ready to admit any mistakes the group has made as a result of his leadership.‎ Show concern for members.‎ A group leader has a commitment to the task or project at hand, but perhaps more importantly, he has real concern for each person who is part of his group. This means getting to know the strengths, weaknesses and goals of team members, as well as building the group through collective activities. 　4　.‎ Be a good listener.‎ ‎　5　. Not only will this allow complaints to be addressed and potentially suitable ideas to be put into practice, but also a leader who listens will also encourage group members to share their concern and thoughts, creating an atmosphere of free speech and productivity.‎ A. He not only has the power to control everything group members do B. A group leader needs to listen to the suggestions, complaints and ideas of group members C. Share tasks with group members D. However, not every individual is fit for leadership E. Attending collective activities is an effective way to relieve pressure F. He should make sure everyone is included even if an individual is new to the group G. Take responsibility ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了做一名合格的领导者所应具有的品质：勇于承担责任、关心下属以及做一个好的倾听者。 ‎ ‎2.G 【解析】根据结构衔接的做题方法可判断出空处应用祈使句，因此可在选项C和G中寻找答案；又根据空格下面这段的内容，尤其是"accept that responsibility lies on his shoulders"的提示可知，这段主要讲述与承担责任有关的内容，故选G。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】此题可以从词汇线索上找到突破口，根据空后的"but also"可知，空处应填含有not only的句子，因为not only...but also...为关联词，故答案为A。‎ ‎5.B 【解析】段落小标题告诉我们"要做一个好的倾听者"，下文应是与倾听有关的内容，所给选项中只有B选项提到了"倾听"，故B项符合题意。此处表示一个好的领导者需要倾听下属的意见、抱怨、想法等。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 对于说明文类体裁的文章，考纲要求考生应能理解文章的主旨和要义、理解文中的具体信息并能根据所给信息对作者的写作意图进行合理的判断和推理。七选五题型对阅读理解提出了更高的要求，不仅对考生有阅读速度的要求，还要求考生理解文章的基本结构、主旨要义、细节信息等。对于细节类题目，考生可以在词汇线索上寻找信息点，如从关联词线索、数字线索、代词线索等寻找突破口，以求达到快速做题的目的。第3题就是利用关联词not only...but also...这一词汇线索进行解题的。‎ Passage 3 ‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 大自然的水循环和人类参与的水循环 ‎ 221‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 In one way or another, all our water comes from the sea. 　1　The vapor rises and freezes to form clouds. These clouds release their water as rain, often when they are blown over high ground. Rain goes deep into the ground, runs into streams and rivers, and flows back into the sea. Also, plants take water from the soil and put some back into the air as vapor. In this way, water is always being recycled. 　2　‎ Human beings also take part in the water cycle. We build reservoirs(水库) to trap water for our houses and factories. 　3　‎ Some water takes many thousands of years to complete the cycle. It collects in huge areas of underground. This kind of water is often used by people as a source of tap water. People around the world use tap water in their daily life. 　4　A lot of reservoirs have been built and they have brought many changes to the landscape and affected wildlife. People do not know the fact that taking too much water from underground can change the conditions on the surface. For example, it can dry out the habitats of some wildlife. If sewage or chemical waste are not made clean ‎ carefully, they can make drinking water dirty.‎ ‎　5　A good water cycle is human’s luck.‎ A. It is important that we should use water in a responsible way.‎ B. There are many problems with the use of tap water.‎ C. This is called the water cycle.‎ D. Learning how to recycle water not only saves you money, but also is good for the planet.‎ E. The sun heats the sea, and water evaporates to become vapor.‎ F. Our waste water and sewage(污水)is put back into the sea though it is sometimes purified first.‎ G. Many rivers and lakes are being polluted by the waste water from factories.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大自然的水循环和人类参与的水循环。文章让我们了解到人类务必要以负责任的态度科学用水，因为良好的水循环是人类的福音。‎ ‎1.E 【解析】由空前面一句话可知，我们所有的水都来自海洋；由空后面一句话可知，水蒸气蒸发凝固形成云。由此可推断出设空处应是对空格前一句话进行解释说明，且空后面一句话中的vapor恰好与选项E中的vapor构成了词汇上的衔接。此处表示太阳使海水变热，水蒸发变成水蒸气。‎ ‎3.F 【解析】本段首句提到人类也参与了水循环活动，设空处前面一句话告诉我们人类建造水库以便为家庭和工厂存水，这句话是对首句内容的举例说明。根据常识可知，家庭和工厂产生的废水和污水最终又流回到海洋中，这样便构成了水循环。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】‎ 空前一句话说全世界的人们在日常生活中都在使用自来水，空后面部分讲述人类建造的水库改变了地形也影响了野生生物，人们不了解抽取太多的地下水可能会改变地球表面的状况。这些是使用自来水带来的问题，选项中只有B项涉及这一问题。B选项起承上启下的作用。‎ ‎5.A 【解析】空后面一句话提到良好的水循环是人类的福音，由此可推断出空处应该是提出建议，选项A符合上下文逻辑。此处表示我们应以负责的方式用水，这很重要。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 随着高考对考生综合运用能力的要求不断提高，高考试题中会经常出现对上下文逻辑关系进行考查的题目。这就要求考生弄清空白处前后内容的逻辑关系以及各选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，尤其要注意各选项中以及句中的衔接标志词。最后将所选答案带入原文中，重点查看句与句之间的逻辑关系和关联结构以确保所选选项正确无误。‎ Passage 4 ‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 如何成为天才 ‎ 249‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 How to Become a Genius For the most part, a genius is born into a life of high brain activity and functionality. 　1　However, you can use your brain to its fullest potential to become a genius by following the simple steps below.‎ Perform a detailed self-analysis. So much talk floats around about which side of the brain people use most often. 　2　Read through your academic records. Maybe your passion lies in math and science or you receive high marks in English and history-related courses. Find out which part of the brain you use to its potential and then expand that.‎ ‎　3　Those who use their brains most productively often use the written words of others as a starting point. An active brain needs inspiration from what you read. Reading also improves creativity, and usually geniuses are at the upper-level of creativity. Creativity and brain activity go hand-in-hand.‎ ‎　4　Whether you are born a genius or are trying to make better use of your current brain activity, wasting time is a worthless idea. Think about how many hours you spend on the Internet ‎ and television each week. When you participate in those activities, your brain is on "sleep mode". Spend your time on creativity activity, such as writing or studying your favorite subject.‎ Expand your horizons. 　5　If your strongest area of knowledge is English literature, head to the library and pick up some books about various sciences. Remember, most geniuses have been extraordinarily knowledgeable in various areas.‎ A. Be creative.‎ B. Use your time wisely.‎ C. Combine creativity and activity.‎ D. Read, reread, and read more.‎ E. Figure out whether you are a right-brain thinker or a left-brain thinker.‎ F. Keep your head in the books, but not only in the books you know best.‎ G. Many definitions of the word "genius" use the word "natural" to describe the state.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何成为天才。‎ ‎1.G 【解析】本选项承接上一句来说明很多时候用"天生的"这一词来描述和定义天才，同时与下一句构成转折关系，所以选G。‎ ‎2.E 【解析】本选项承接上一句中的"which side of the brain people use most often"来说明要弄清你是左脑思考者还是右脑思考者，所以选E。‎ ‎4.B 【解析】此处为本段的主旨句。本段主要说明了要智慧地利用时间，段落中的关键信息词time和hours为概括本段的主旨提供了依据，所以选B。‎ ‎5.F 【解析】本选项是对本段主旨"Expand your horizons"的展开说明——埋头读各种各样的书，而不是你最熟悉的书，这正是扩大视野和知识面的方式，并且与下文在语意上相关联，所以选F。‎ Passage5 ‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 和父母交谈 ‎215‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 As most of us know, talking to and listening to parents don’t always go smoothly. Emotions and past experiences can get in the way. Since communication is a two-way street, some depends on your parents and some of what happens depends on you. 　1　So here are some guidelines to consider how to talk to parents:‎ ‎•Be clear and direct.‎ Be as clear as you can about what you think, feel, and want. 　2　They can listen better or be more helpful if they understand what you mean specifically and what’s really going on.‎ ‎•Be honest.‎ If you’re always honest, a parent will be likely to believe what you say. 　3　If you sometimes hide the truth or add too much drama, parents will have a harder time believing what you tell them.‎ ‎•Try not to argue.‎ Using a friendly and respectful tone makes it more likely that parents will listen and take what you say seriously. 　4　If you think your emotions might get the better of you, do something to let off steam and calm down before talking.‎ ‎• 　5　‎ If you have a disagreement, can you see your parents’ side? If you can, say so. Telling your parents that you understand their views and feelings helps them be willing to see yours, too.‎ A. Communicate as often as possible.‎ B. Try to understand their point of view.‎ C. If you lie, they’ll find it hard to trust you.‎ D. Make careful preparations before talking to your parents.‎ E. Give details that can help parents understand your situation.‎ F. The way you talk can influence how well a parent listens to and understands you.‎ G. Of course, this is hard for any of us when we’re feeling heated about something. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文说明了青少年以怎么样的方式和父母交谈才能让他们愿意倾听。‎ ‎1.F 【解析】本选项在前面引入话题的基础上指出本文所要说明的对象——和父母交谈的方式，选项中的"The way you talk"统领文中四个小标题，起到承上启下的作用，为下一句提出"some guidelines"做好铺垫，所以选F。‎ ‎2.E 【解析】本选项承接上一句进一步对段落主旨"Be clear and direct"展开说明，选项中的"Give details"与标题中的clear及下文中的specifically相呼应，强调要说明具体的细节，所以选E。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】本段用三个if引导的条件句分别从正反两方面对本段的主旨"Be honest"展开说明，说明为什么要诚实，第一个条件句从正面说明，本选项和第三个条件句从反面说明，所以选C。在解题的过程中，段落中相同的句式结构也有助于选项的确定。‎ ‎5.B 【解析】由本段中的说明和关键信息词understand可以概括出本段的主旨，即尽力去理解父母的观点，故选B。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本文属于典型的介绍如何做事类的说明文，文章的话题与家庭生活和人际交往相关；文章结构清晰、层次分明，是一篇典型的"总——分"式说明文。‎ 文章首段在引入话题后点明了本文要说明的对象——和父母交谈的方式，然后分别用四个小标题说明了应该以什么样的方式和父母交谈才能让他们愿意倾听，并对小标题进行诠释和展开说明。‎ Passage6 ‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 如何控制负面情绪 ‎ 242‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎7分钟 You have lots of emotions. At different times， you may be happy， sad， or jealous. Anger is just another kind of emotion that you feel. It’s OK to be angry at times. In fact， it’s important to get angry sometimes. 　1　Otherwise you’ll be like a pot of boiling water with the lid left on. If the steam doesn’t escape， the water will finally boil over and blow its top!‎ ‎　2　‎ Many things may make you angry. You may get angry when something doesn’t go your way. Maybe you get mad at yourself when you can’t do your homework or when you lose an important game. When you have a hard time reaching a goal， you may get angry.‎ How can I tell when someone else is angry?‎ When someone is angry， he may go away or stop talking to you. Or he may become quiet suddenly. 　3　In this case， you should get away as soon as possible.‎ What should I do if I get angry?‎ Don’t lose control if you get angry. Taking it out on others never solves anything. 　4　What can you do to keep the situation from happening again? If your science homework is too hard， ask your teacher or a parent for help instead. It helps to talk about your anger with an adult， such as a parent， a teacher， or a relative. 　5　‎ A. What makes you angry?‎ B. How do you know you are angry?‎ C. But anger must be released in the right way.‎ D. There are different ways people release anger.‎ E. Some people scream and try to harm anyone close by.‎ F. Instead， admit to yourself that you are angry and try to figure out why.‎ G. Once you talk about anger， those bad feelings usually start to go away.‎ ‎ 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，针对如何控制负面情绪提出了三条建议。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】根据下文"否则你就会像一壶盖着盖子的沸水，如果不及时释放蒸汽，沸水便会溢出，掀翻盖子"可知，此处应是建议合理释放愤怒，因此选C。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】分析本文的结构可知，此处应为段落标题。下文提到"Many things may make you angry"多种因素会导致你愤怒，并且对此进行举例说明可知，本段的标题句应是"是什么使你愤怒?"故选A。‎ ‎3.E 【解析】本段标题为"How can I tell when someone else is angry?"，空格前提到"When someone is angry， he may go away or stop talking to you. Or he may become quiet suddenly"，由此可知，此处应是列举一个人生气时的表现，故选E。‎ ‎5.G 【解析】根据上一句"It helps to talk about your anger with an adult"可知，本句应选G，一旦你与别人讨论了你的愤怒，那么坏情绪很快就会消失。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 高考七选五的话题通常与考生的日常生活密切相关，关注考生的健康成长。本文的话题是"如何控制负面情绪"，能够对考生进行指导，充分体现了高考命题的人文关怀。‎