专题23+非谓语动词（四）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

专题23+非谓语动词（四）-2019年高考英语语法词汇与情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍

‎ ‎ 考点六 非谓语动词作补语 不定式和分词都能作补语，首先要判断用不定式还是分词，然后再确定不定式或分词的形式。‎ ‎1．感觉动词（主要有see, hear, notice, feel, watch, observe等）和使役动词（主要有make, let, have等）跟不定式作宾补语时，不定式不能带to，但用于被动语态时(let, have不能用于被动语态)时，不定式要带to。‎ ‎1. Let those in need that we will go all out to help them. (2013陕西)‎ ‎ A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. The director had her assistant __________ some hot dogs for the meeting. （2008全国）‎ A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】have在此是使役动词，后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，意为“让某人做某事”。‎ ‎2．动词advise, allow, ask, beg, believe, consider, declare, discover, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, imagine, intend, invite, judge, know, order, permit, persuade, prove, require, suppose, teach, tell, think, want, warn, wish, understand等接动名词作宾语，跟带to的不定式作补语，要注意判断是作宾语还是作补语；help后跟不定式作宾补时，可带to也可不带。‎ As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed _______ into the sports club. (2012上海)‎ A. going B. to go C. go D. gone ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】wasn’t allowed是被动语态，后应接不定式作主语补足语。‎ ‎3. 感官动词跟现在分词作补语，表示动作的进行状态，跟不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程。‎ ‎1. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _____ live is quite another. (2015浙江)‎ A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】hear后接不带to的不定式或分词作宾语补足语，这里表示正在进行的动作，且it(指music)与perform之间是被动关系，故用现在分词的被动式。‎ ‎2. The manager was satisfied to see many new products _______ after great effort. （2014四川）‎ A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】这里作宾语补足语，表示被动和完成，故用过去分词。‎ ‎3. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (2012四川)‎ A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．现在分词作补语，常表示动作正在进行或表示一个主动的动作；过去分词作补语，常表示动作已经完成或表示被动。不定式作补语常常表示将来的动作。‎ ‎1. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother __________‎ good care of at home. （2015陕西）‎ ‎ A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】作宾语补足语，且逻辑主语his mother与take care of之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎2. When we saw the road ___________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.‎ ‎ (2013北京)‎ ‎ A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】非谓语动词作宾语补足语，与逻辑主语block是被动关系，且表示完成，故用过去分词。‎ ‎3. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams. (2011重庆)‎ A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】分词作宾语补足语。逻辑主语himself与remind是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎5．have用作使役动词，后可接不带to的不定式，也可接现在分词和过去分词作宾补，应注意它们表达的不同含义：have sb do sth表示“使某人做…”，have sb /sth doing表示“使…处于…状态”，have sth done表示“让他人做…”或“使遭受…”。get sth done也有这给用法。‎ ‎1. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________. (2018天津)‎ A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】have sth done意为“让他人做某事”。‎ ‎2. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____. (2012四川)‎ A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】your car和wash是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。‎ ‎3. Claire had her luggage ______ an hour before her plane left. (2011陕西)‎ ‎ A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】have sth done意为“让他人做某事”。‎ ‎6. 在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，常对作宾语补足语的非谓语动词形式进行考查。非谓语动词表示主动或进行时，用现在分词，表示被动或完成时，用过去分词，表示将来时，用不定式。另外还考查这个结构中介词的选择。‎ ‎1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________. (2012北京) ‎ A．going on B．goes on C．went on D. to go on ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. (2012辽宁)‎ A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】这里是“with+宾语+宾补”结构，their pet dog与follow是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。‎ ‎3. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.‎ ‎ （2010 山东）‎ ‎ A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】这里是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。lay与table是被动关系，且表示完成的动作，故用过去分词。‎ ‎4. You have no idea how she finished the relay race __________ her foot wounded so much. (2008福建)‎ A. for B. when C. with D. while ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ ‎ 考点七 非谓语动词的否定式，省略及其复合结构 ‎1．非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前加not等否定词。‎ ‎1. _______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. (2013四川) A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】非谓语动词的否定式是在其前面加not，排除B，D；逻辑主语the girl与know是主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎2. __________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （2010全国）‎ A. Not completing B. Not completed ‎ C. Not having completed D. Having not completed ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】非谓语动词的否定式是在其前面加not，排除D；逻辑主语they与complete是主动关系，故用现在分词；complete的动作发生在have to stay之前，用于完成式。‎ ‎3. The lawyer listened with full attention, ______ to miss any point. (2010四川)‎ A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】非谓语动词作伴随状语，应用分词。根据句意，分词应用肯定式，不定式应用否定式。‎ ‎2. 非谓语动词的省略主要考查的是不定式的省略。不定式的省略记住一个原则：省略不定式时，不定式的符号to要保留。‎ The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _________(2013全国I) A . not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not ‎ 【答案】B ‎【解析】这里是不定式not to park his car near the roadside的省略，省略不定式时，不定式符合要保留。‎ ‎3. 不定式的复合结构由“for/of sb. to do sth.”构成，该结构前的形容词说明人的特征时用，说明物的特征时用for；动名词的复合结构由“名词所有格（或物主代词）+动名词”构成，在口语中，尤其当名词指物时常用名词的普通格来代替所有格，用代词宾格来代替物主代词。‎ ‎1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one ______ a security officer. （2014山东）‎ ‎ A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】这里是不定式的复合结构，故用不定式。‎ ‎2. Nothing is so easy as _____ parents to raise their expectations of their children too high. (2012福建)‎ A. of B. to C. by D. for ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎3. I really can’t understand __________ her like that. （2010 安徽）‎ A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】这里是动名词的复合结构作宾语，用宾格代词you代替物主代词your。‎ ‎4. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks __________ could be heard outside the classroom.（2009 全国）‎ A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed ‎ C. being opened and closed D. to open and close ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】动名词与其逻辑主语desks构成动名词的复合结构作介词of的宾语。desks与open, close是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。‎ ‎5. Victor apologized for __________ to inform me of the change in the plan. （2009 上海）‎ ‎ A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】这里是动名词的复合结构作介词for的宾语，其否定式是在动名词前加not。‎ ‎ ‎ 巩固练习：‎ ‎1. — Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?‎ ‎— Just a minute. I’ll have Bob __________ you to your room. ‎ ‎ A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】have后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎2. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English __________ as much as we can. ‎ A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】作宾语补足语，与English之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎3. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice __________ him. ‎ ‎ A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】分词作宾语补足语；逻辑主语his mother’s voice与call之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎4. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it __________. ‎ A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5. The discovery of new evidence led to __________. ‎ ‎ A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief ‎ C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】这里是动名词的复合结构作宾语，the thief与catch是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。‎ ‎6. They use computers to keep the traffic __________ smoothly. ‎ A. being run B. run C. to run D. running ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】分词作宾语补足语。逻辑主语the traffic与run之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。 ‎ ‎7. She wants her paintings __________ in the gallery, but we don’t think they would be v ery popular. ‎ A. display B. to display C. displaying D. displayed ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎ ‎8. Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English __________ in a short period. ‎ A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】have是使役动词，后跟分词或不带to的不定式作宾补，逻辑主语her written English与improve是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎9. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them __________ in his lectures. ‎ A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】make是使役动词，后跟分词或不带to的不定式作宾补，逻辑主语them与interest是被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎10. My parents have always made me __________ about myself, even when I was twelve.‎ A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】make后跟不带to的不定式作宾补；feel是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎