【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习巩固训练：专题4语法填空和短文改错1重点1考点1

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习巩固训练：专题4语法填空和短文改错1重点1考点1

第一编　专题四　第1讲　重点一　考点1‎ 提分单句训练 Ⅰ. 单句填空 ‎❶　(2018·皖北一模)One evening at the stop，our father __suffered__ (suffer) an old pain in his back. ‎ 解析：考查时态。句意：一天晚上在车站，父亲背疼的旧疾复发。根据句中时间状语One evening，可知本句谓语用一般过去时。‎ ‎❷　(2018·深圳二模)She insisted and handed it to me as she __hurried__ (hurry) off with her husband. ‎ 解析：考查时态。句意：as引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词与主句谓语动词insisted and handed时态一致，应用一般过去时。以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，其过去式和过去分词是变y为－ied，如carry－carried。注意fly的过去式和过去分词分别是flew，flown。‎ ‎❸　(2018·石家庄冲刺模考)Usually，a number of large temple fairs __are held__ (hold) around the Spring Festival，which many people visit. ‎ 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：通常大型庙会在春节左右举行，很多人逛庙会。根据句中时间状语Usually可知谓语用一般现在时，又主语与temple fairs是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。“a number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，故该处填are held。 hold的过去式和过去分词分别是held，held。‎ ‎❹　(2018·山大附中三模)She was born too early and only __weighed__ (weigh) two kilometers at birth. ‎ 解析：考查时态。句意：她是早产儿，出生时体重只有2公斤。weigh“重量为……”，是系动词，不能用于被动语态，根据and前面的谓语动词was born可知此处用一般过去时，故填weighed。at birth“出生时”。‎ 练有小得：常见的不用于被动语态的动词(短语)有：①系动词：look，smell，taste，feel，prove等。②表主语特征的不及物动词cut，lock，read，sell，wash，write等与well，easily，badly等副词连用。③不及物动词(短语)：remain，happen，appear，take place，break out等。‎ ‎❺　(2018·郴州二模) High in thick bamboo forests in the misty，rainy mountains of southwestern China __lives__ (live) one of the world’s rarest mammals： the giant panda，also called the panda. ‎ 解析：‎ 考查时态。句意：在中国西南部潮湿多雨的群山中的茂密的竹林里生活着世界上最稀有的哺乳动物之一：大熊猫，又叫熊猫。本句主干部分是全部倒装句，倒装句谓语动词的数与句子主语的数一致，本句主语是one of the world’s rarest mammals，故谓语动词用单数形式。熊猫生活在中国西南部群山的竹林中是客观事实，故谓语用一现在时，故填lives。‎ ‎❻　(2018·北京) In today’s information age，the loss of data __can__ cause serious problems for a company. ‎ 解析：考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。‎ 练有小得：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3. (表示允许，请求)可以；4. (表示客观可能性)有时会。‎ ‎❼　(2018·芜湖三模)When hosts place dishes on the table，they __will arrange__ (arrange) the main courses at the center with the supporting dishes placed around them. ‎ 解析：考查时态。句意：当主人在桌子上放菜时，他们会将主菜放在中间，辅菜放在主菜周围。when引导的时间状语从句是一般现在时，故主句用一般将来时。‎ ‎❽　(2018·云南统测)You may not like certain things or ideas. In your eyes，either you or your home country __has changed__ (change) ever since. ‎ 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：你也许不喜欢某些事情或某些想法。在你眼中，要不是你就是你的祖国从那以后变了。根据句中时间状语ever since可知谓语用现在完成时；either. . . or. . . 连接两个主语，谓语动词的数与最前面的主语一致，故该处谓语动词的数与your home country一致，应用单数，故填has changed。‎ ‎❾　(2018·江苏)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other，for we __will have developed__ (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. ‎ 解析：考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发出更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then(到那时)，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。‎ 　Tom has finished his homework，and now he __is playing__ (play) football with his friends. ‎ 解析：句意：汤姆已经做完作业，现在正在跟他的朋友们踢足球。此处表示动作正在进行，因此用现在进行时。由于受并列连词and和前一分句时态的干扰，考生容易误填has played。‎ 　(2017·长沙二模)Now Beijing __feels__ (feel) like my second home. ‎ 解析：考查时态。句意：现在北京像我的第二个家。根据句中时间状语Now可知谓语用一般现在时，故填feels。‎ 错解分析：考生容易填is feeling或is felt。feel是系动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时态。‎ 　(2017·赣州联考)I smiled and thanked her very gratefully，nodding yes，as the bus __had stopped__ (stop) already and I had to hurry away. ‎ 解析：考查时态。as引导的原因状语从句的谓语动词stop发生在and后的谓语动词had之前，表过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had stopped。‎ 　(2017·衡水二模)Most of us __fell__ (fall) asleep on the way back to Urumqi，but I stayed wide awake. ‎ 解析：考查时态。句意：我们中大部分人在回乌鲁木齐的路上睡着了，但是我一直很清醒。设空与but后一句中的stayed是并列谓语，应用一般过去时，故填fell。fall的过去式和过去分词形式分别是fell，fallen。‎ 　(2017·冀州二模)Nowadays，the Qixi Festival __is referred__ (refer)to as the “Chinese Valentine’s Day”. ‎ 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：现在七夕被看成中国的情人节。主语the Qixi Festival与refer to是被动关系，故用被动语态；句中时间状语是Nowadays，故该句应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is referred。‎ 练有小得：以下动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词要双写最后一个字母。‎ infer(推断)—inferred—inferred—inferring prefer(更喜欢)—preferred—preferred—preferring occur(发生)—occurred—occurred—occurring refer(提到)—referred— referred— referring 　(2018·北京)They might have found a better hotel if they __had driven__ (drive) a few more kilometers. ‎ 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if __ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态。‎ 练有小得：1. 表示对现在的虚拟：if条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should＋do；2. 表示对过去的虚拟：if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/might/could/should＋have done；3. 表示对将来的虚拟：if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should＋do。‎ Ⅱ. 单句改错 ‎❶　(2018·湘潭二模)The smile from farmers，who are getting a good harvest，always making me happy. ‎ ‎ __making →make__ ‎ 解析：分析句子结构可知本句主语是The smile，who are getting a good harvest是定语从句，故make应在句中作谓语。主语smile是第三人称单数名词，故谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎❷　(2017·龙岩二模)People on that night will lighten up fancy lanterns and go out to appreciate the moon. __lighten→light__ ‎ 解析：light up“点燃”，在此处用作及物动词，在will后应用原形，故lighten改为light。‎ ‎❸　(2017·黑龙江哈六中四模)To my joy，my effort was finally paid off. __去掉was__ ‎ 解析：pay off“取得回报”是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。‎ ‎❹　(2017·潮州二模)This afternoon，I went to the biggest shopping center downtown，and buy a present for her. __buy→bought__ ‎ 解析：句中时间状语是This afternoon，又and前的谓语是went，故该处用一般过去时。‎ ‎❺　(2017·滨州一模)Last Friday，big posters were putting up in school，which appealed to us to protect the earth. __putting→put__ ‎ 解析：主语posters与put up是被动关系，应用被动语态。‎ 增分写作训练 阅卷老师说：“在写作中，主动不如被动好”，即被动句比主动句表达更准确更生动。请利用被动语态升级以下句式。‎ ‎❶　We will exhibit all the works in the display hall on the third floor of the Art Center. ‎ ‎ __All the works will be exhibited in the display hall on the third floor of the Art Center. __ ‎ ‎❷　We expect you to arrive at the main gate before 9 o’clock. ‎ ‎ __You are expected to arrive at the main gate before 9 o’clock. __ ‎ ‎❸　We select the outstanding exhibits from 200 pieces of works handed in by the teachers and students. ‎ ‎ __The outstanding exhibits are selected from 200 pieces of works handed in by the teachers and students. __ ‎