专题08+直击高考考点之非谓语动词-备战2019年高考英语二轮复习语法点对点之直击高考考点

专题08+直击高考考点之非谓语动词-备战2019年高考英语二轮复习语法点对点之直击高考考点

专题08 直击高考考点之非谓语动词 ‎ ‎ 知识清单 ‎ ‎ 序号 知识要点 ‎1‎ try,mean,stop,forget,remember,regret,go on,like后接to do与doing的区别 ‎2‎ have no choice/option/alternative but to do…../cannot(choose/help)but do……/can do nothing but do…..‎ ‎3‎ 时态：to do,to be doing,to have done He is said to have studied abroad,but I don’t know which country he studied in/is studying in/will study.‎ 语态：Easy as it is to deal with,we are careful..The question is what to write about.‎ Have you anything else to say for yourselves?‎ I’m going to Shanghai tomorrow.Have you got anything to be taken to your sister?‎ ‎4‎ 不定式作结果状语与目的状语的区别 He worked hard to pass the exam.He hurried to work,only to find it was Saturday.‎ ‎5‎ 不定式作结果状语(never/only to do)与分词作结果状语区别 He worked on the project for 5 hours,only stopping to have a drink.‎ ‎6‎ too…….to结构中 有glad,pleased,delighted,anxious等心理活动的词和good,kind,true等描述性词时，too的含义为very 有not,never,only,but,all,simply等，该结构为肯定意义 ‎7‎ What he wanted to do now was express his great thanks to his teachers and friends.‎ Please give me a knife to cut with and a piece of paper to write on.‎ ‎8‎ 在省略的不定式结构中含有to be,to have,to have been等时，这些词保留 ‎9‎ allow,permit,forbid,advise,recommend的用法~doing/~sb.to do sth.‎ 接doing的词有：be equal to/be limited to/risk/adore/oppose/be opposed to/object to/be reduced to等 There is no joking/saying/telling/knowing/denying…‎ ‎10‎ need,want,require,deserve的用法后接doing或to be done ‎11‎ worth,worthy,worthwhile的用法 ‎12‎ 动词短语devote oneself to,stick to,be used/accustomed to,object to,have difficulty(trouble),have a wonderful/hard time,come close to,get down to,there’s no use(good),there’s no sense(point)等后面用doing ‎13‎ 动名词的复合结构在句中充当主语和宾语时逻辑主语的区别 His/Tom’s coming to my birthday party made me happy.(主语)‎ The noise of desks and chairs being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.(主语)‎ She didn’t mind his/him/Tom’s/Tom crying and went on doing the washing.(宾语)‎ ‎14‎ 分词作状语时①形式有：doing/having done/done/having been done(无being done)‎ ‎②其逻辑主语应是主句的主语 ‎③有时可以和when,once,while,if,though,unless等词连用 ‎15‎ 分词作状语与独立主格结构的关系和区别？‎ Miss Gao having fallen ill,Mr.Wang took her class instead.‎ Having fallen ill,Mr Wang stayed at home.‎ ‎16‎ with复合结构的用法 With the exam to be held/to take tomorrow,you’d better not watch TV.‎ ‎17‎ 形容词作状语以及独立主格结构中being不省略的前提条件 Being blind,he couldn’t go home alone.(原因)‎ It being fine,we went hiking.(代词)There being no buses,they walked to the theatre.(there be)‎ ‎18‎ 现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句表达。Can you tell me about the fire that happened last night?‎ ‎19‎ being done的三种用法(expose)‎ ‎①Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.(动名词作主语)‎ The radiation amount of a mobile phone for two half-hour periods per day is equal to being exposed to an X-ray for ten seconds.(动名词作宾语)‎ Exposed to radiation for too much time,the man suffered a lot.(比较：分词作状语)‎ ‎②The topic being talked about now is interesting.(分词作定语)‎ ‎③I can see the flag being raised now.(分词作补语)‎ ‎19‎ have、get、leave、make后接非谓语作宾补的用法 have sb.do//have sth to do have sb.doing两种意思have sth done=get sth.done get sb to do get sb/sth doing get sth,done=have sth done ‎20‎ 独立成分：不定式类/doing类/done类 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 高考考点直击 ‎ 1.动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题 ‎(1)不定式作表语与“be＋to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。‎ My job is to teach English.(说明内容)‎ be＋to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)‎ He is to go abroad.‎ ‎(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。‎ 下列词语常接不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等。‎ 下列词语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。‎ ‎(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。‎ ‎①动词(短语)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。‎ ‎②常用不定式作宾补的几种情况： ‎ 主语＋ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like＋sb.to do sth.‎ 主语＋think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feel＋sb.＋to be/to have done 主语＋call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask for＋sb.＋to do sth.‎ ‎(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。‎ ‎①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。‎ ‎②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。‎ There is no one to look after her.‎ ‎③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。‎ She is now looking for a room to live in.‎ ‎(5)不定式作状语的用法。‎ 不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的结果。‎ We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.‎ in order (not) to，so as (not) to用来引导目的状语；enough...to，so...as to do，such＋名词...as to do作结果状语。‎ The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.‎ I’m not such a fool as to believe that.‎ ‎(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。‎ ‎①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。‎ The novel was said to have been published.‎ I regret to have been with you for so many years.‎ seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等动词常用于上面句型。‎ 此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。‎ I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。(说话时还未等)‎ I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)‎ ‎②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。(A)should like to/would like to/would love to＋完成时。(B)was/were to＋不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。(C)expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish＋不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。‎ ‎(7)不定式的省略。‎ ‎①同一结构并列由and或or连接。‎ I want to finish my homework and go home.‎ I’m really puzzled what to think or say.‎ 特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.‎ It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)‎ ‎②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。‎ What he did was lose the game.‎ ‎③句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。‎ Don’t do anything silly，such as marry him.‎ ‎④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。‎ ‎⑤Why not，had better，would rather，can’t but等词后省to。‎ You’d better take it seriously.‎ ‎⑥多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形have或be。‎ Susan is not what she used to be.‎ ‎—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.‎ ‎—I know I ought to have.‎ 常见的有：I’d like/love/be happy to。‎ 题组训练1‎ 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1.It’s important for the figures (update) regularly.‎ ‎2.Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing...but we seem (lose) the art of communicating facetoface.‎ ‎3.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city (cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.‎ ‎4.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable (hold).‎ ‎5.Simon made a big bamboo box (keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.‎ ‎6.Passengers are permitted (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.‎ ‎7.More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced (raise) people’s concern over food safety.‎ ‎8.The ability (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.‎ ‎【答案】1.to be updated 2.to be losing 3.to be cheered 4.to hold 5.to keep 6.to carry 7.to raise 8.to express ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.动名词复习中应注意的几个问题 ‎(1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，can’t help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise， consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。‎ ‎(2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。‎ ‎(3)介词后要接动名词；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth.＝as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。‎ On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.‎ ‎(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：‎ ‎①begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，can’t stand 例句 解析 ‎1.It began to rain./It began raining.‎ ‎2.It was beginning to snow.‎ ‎3.I love lying (to lie)on my back.‎ ‎4.I like listening to music，but today I don’t like to.‎ ‎5.I don’t prefer to swim in the river now.‎ ‎1.意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时时，后面只跟不定式。‎ ‎2.表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ②remember，forget，regret，try ‎ ‎ 例句 解析 ‎1.I remember to meet her at the station.‎ I remember seeing her once somewhere.‎ ‎2.I forgot giving it to you yesterday.‎ I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is.‎ ‎3.I regret not having worked hard.‎ I regret to hear of your sister’s death.‎ ‎4.Try knocking at the back door.‎ We must try to get everything ready.‎ ‎5.That will mean flooding some land.‎ I had meant to go on Monday.‎ ‎1.remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事 ‎2.forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事 ‎3.regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔 ‎4.try to do sth.设法，试图做某事 try doing sth.试试看，试一试 ‎5.mean to do sth.打算做……，想要做……‎ mean doing sth.意味着 ‎③want，require，need 例句 解析 ‎1.These desks need repairing.‎ These desks need to be repaired.‎ ‎2.The patient required examining.‎ The patient required to be examined.‎ 表达意思一样，但用不定式时要用被动形式，用动名词时用主动形式(表被动意义)。‎ 题组训练2‎ 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1.It’s no use (complain) without taking action.‎ ‎2.Lydia doesn’t feel like (study) abroad. Her parents are old.‎ ‎3. (expose) to the sun will do harm to your skin.‎ ‎4.She is afraid of (take) to the public.‎ ‎5.Mary’s (come) late made her mother angry.‎ ‎【答案】1.complaining 2.studying 3.Being exposed 4.being taken 5.coming ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题 ‎(1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。‎ ‎①时间状语(分词前面可加when，while等)‎ Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.‎ ‎②原因状语 Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.‎ Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note. ‎ ‎③伴随状语 The girls came in，following their parents.‎ ‎④结果状语 The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.‎ 注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性：①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般式，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。②语态性。与句子主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。‎ ‎(2)现在分词作表语。‎ 主语＋be＋v.ed表示被动，主语是人；主语＋be＋v.ing表示主动，主语是物。‎ ‎4.过去分词复习中应注意的几个问题 过去分词作状语，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句，用来说明原因、时间、条件、伴随等。‎ ‎(1)作原因状语 Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.‎ ‎＝Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.‎ Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.‎ ‎＝As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.‎ ‎(2)作时间状语 Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.‎ ‎＝When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.‎ ‎(3)作条件状语 Given more time，I would have worked out the problem.‎ ‎＝If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.‎ ‎(4)作伴随状语 The teacher came in，followed by some students.‎ ‎＝The teacher came in and (he) was followed by some students.‎ 分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。‎ Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.‎ 题组训练3‎ 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1.The island， (join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.‎ ‎2.Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired， (keep) on your feet.‎ ‎3.The next thing he saw was smoke (rise) from behind the house.‎ ‎4.Look over there—there’s a very long，winding path (lead) up to the house.‎ ‎5.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose) for words.‎ ‎6. (offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.‎ ‎7. (gather) around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.‎ ‎8.More highways have been built in China， (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.‎ ‎9.The players (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.‎ ‎10.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues (amuse) with her stories.‎ ‎【答案】1.joined 2.keeping 3 .rising 4.leading 5.lost 6.Offered 7.Gathering 8.making 9.selected 10.amused ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 高考考点过关训练 一．单项选择 ‎ 1.（2018·北京） _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience ‎ A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled ‎ ‎【答案】： B ‎ ‎【解析】： 考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。 ‎ ‎ 2.（2018·北京）During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. ‎ A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。‎ ‎ 3.（2018·北京）Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use ‎ ‎【答案】： A ‎ ‎ ‎ 4. ‎（2018·天津） I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it. ‎ A. ‎ to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying ‎ ‎ 【答案】： D ‎ ‎【解析】：句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。 ‎ 4. ‎（2018·天津）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.‎ A.taking B.taken C.being taken D.take ‎【答案】：B ‎【解析】：考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。‎ 5. ‎（2018·江苏）Around13,500newjobs were created during the period,_______the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.‎ A.having exceeded B.to exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding ‎【答案】：D ‎【解析】：考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。‎ 6. ‎（2017·天津）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,_____more patients to be treated.‎ A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed ‎【答案】：B ‎【解析】：句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。‎ 4. ‎（2017·天津） I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______. ‎ A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught ‎ ‎【答案】： C ‎ ‎【解析】本句考查的是have的符合结构：have+ 宾语 + 非谓语，既是重点又是难点。对于have的符合结构，非谓语用什么形式，首先确定have的词义，是“有”还是“让”，have（有）+ sth to do sth (由主语完成）；have（让） + 宾语 + do / doing / done (用哪种形式需要具体分析）‎ 5. ‎（2017·江苏卷）Many Chinese brands,_______their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.developing ‎【答案】：A ‎ ‎ 6. ‎（2017·北京卷）Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online______their valuable time.‎ A.save B.saving C.to save D.saved ‎【答案】：C ‎【解析】句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。‎ ‎11.（2017·北京卷）Jim has retired,but he still remember the happy time_______with his students.A.to spend B.spend C.spending D.Spent ‎【答案】：D ‎【解析】句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。‎ 12. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs _________. ‎ ‎ A. taking B.taken C.being taken D.take ‎【答案】：B ‎【解析】：句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选B。‎ 13. Around 213,500 new jobs were created during the period,_______the expected number of 1,000 held by market analysts.‎ ‎ A.Having exceeded B.To exceed C.exceeded D.exceeding ‎【答案】：D ‎【解析】：句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。‎ 14. ‎（2017·天津卷）The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,_____more patients to be treated.‎ ‎ A.being allowed B.allowing C.having allowed D.allowed ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎15.(2017·江苏卷）Many Chinese brands,_______their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.A.having developed B.being developed C.developed D.developing ‎【答案】：A ‎ ‎【解析】：brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。‎ ‎16.(2016·北京)________make it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.A.Made B.Make C.Making D.To make ‎【答案】：D ‎【解析】：句意：让我们联系更容易，你最好把这张卡放在手边。‎ 二.语法填空 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Years ago,when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries,I__1__(live）in the heart of a city.The rent for my apartment was really cheap__2__it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town.People who visited me used to ask me__3__I could sleep.“Doesn't the sound of the traffic bother you?How can you get used to__4__much noise?”You see,there were also rows and rows of shops and bars playing loud music day and night and my apartment was above a really loud and noisy__5__.But I found it all fascinating.If I were ever short__6__cash ‎ and couldn't afford to do anything much,which in those days was usually the case,I could always go outside and take__7__look around.You see,there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops,so I could always find someone__8__(interest）to talk with.And Joe,the owner of the bar below me,could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for__9__(do）a few odd jobs for him.At the time，I suppose，I thought I was poor.Sometimes，we don't realize how__10__(fortune）we are，do we?‎ 语篇解读：作者是一个穷困潦倒的画家，住在嘈杂的闹市区。难以继日时，Joe会施以援手，这让作者感到非常幸运。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6. 【答案】of 【解析】考查介词。be short of意为“缺少/短缺”。‎ ‎7. 【答案】a 【解析】考查固定短语。take a look意为“看一看”，是固定结构。‎ ‎8. 【答案】interesting 【解析】考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我找到某个有趣的人去交谈”。‎ ‎9. 【答案】doing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词“for”后应跟动词－ing形式。‎ 10. ‎【答案】fortunate 【解析】考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此空应填其形容词形式。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎