【英语】2018届人教版必修5一轮复习：Unit1Greatscientists（23页含详细解释）

【英语】2018届人教版必修5一轮复习：Unit1Greatscientists（23页含详细解释）

‎2018届人教版必修5一轮复习：Unit 1Great scientists单元学案设计 单元话题写作　第三层级——背范文、学润色，让作文洋气十足 ‎(2012·山东高考)假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：‎ ‎1．参加英语角的益处；2.坚持写英语日记的作用；3.英文阅读网站(EnjoyReading)对你的帮助。‎ 注意：1.词数：120～150；2.可适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。‎ Luckily I won the first prize in the English contest.Here I'd like to share my extracurricular English study experience.‎ Firstly, I always take part in the English corner where_I_exchange_my_English_study_experience_with_others,_broaden_my_horizons_and_improve_my_interest_in_English (在这儿我与别人交流学习经验，拓宽视野，提高对英语的兴趣。使用定语从句)．Secondly, every day I keep my diary in English, which_is_of_great_help_with_my_English_writing (这非常有助于我的英语写作。使用非限制性定语从句)．By doing so, I have accumulated large quantities of English materials and English language items.Thirdly, reading_English_articles_through_the_‎ website_EnjoyReading (通过英文阅读网站，阅读英语文章。使用非谓语动词作主语) helps raise my ability of reading English.Moreover, I have also grasped abundant English knowledge.Last but not least, I often watch English movies and listen to English songs.There_is_no_doubt_that_ (毫无疑问。使用固定句式；doubt) it is useful to improve my English listening.‎ As an English contest first prize winner, in addition to trying my best to learn English at school, I really benefit a lot from extracurricular English study.‎ When it comes to practicing oral English and English listening, taking part in the English corner should be put in the first place.Not only can it help us learn it from each other (倒装句式), but also it’s of significance for us to enrich our English knowledge.As to keeping an English diary every day, I think it is a good habit I’ve had, for it helps me consolidate what I’ve learned in class (宾语从句)．Plus, what I want to attach importance to English study outside the classroom (主语从句) is that I often turn to the website EnjoyReading for help, where I read a great number of articles about English and western culture (非限制性定语从句)．‎ All in all, extracurricular English study is a must to improve your English.‎ 单元知识课前热身 ‎(Ⅰ)单词拼写 ‎1．If you foresee (预测；预见) something, you expect and believe that it will happen.‎ ‎2．Many cancer victims can be cured (治愈) if the disease is found early enough.‎ ‎3．If we can defeat (打败) that team, we’ll be through to the final.‎ ‎4．At the end of their meeting, it was announced (宣布) that an agreement had been reached.‎ ‎5．If you can’t handle (处理) the job, I will get someone else to do it.‎ ‎6．Keller is cautious (谨慎的) about making predictions for the success of the program.‎ ‎7．The rural environment has a(n) positive (积极的) effect on the children’s health.‎ ‎8．Exposed (暴露) to so many advertisements, we can’t help being persuaded to buy something we don’t really need.‎ ‎(Ⅱ)用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Only by scientific (science) training can you make such rapid progress in the 110meter hurdles.‎ ‎2．This river is so polluted (pollute) that it’s unsafe for swimming and fishing.‎ ‎3．Absorbed (absorb) in his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.‎ ‎4．Always read the instructions (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.‎ ‎5．In conclusion (conclude), I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.‎ ‎(Ⅲ)语境填词(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎1．The workers are constructing the bridge damaged by the flood, and the bridge under construction connects the road with the town.(construct)‎ ‎2．The famous star has contributed a lot of money to the school and has made a great contribution to the building of the school.(contribute)‎ ‎(Ⅰ)写出下列短语 ‎1．put_forward　　　　　　 提出 ‎2．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 ‎3．expose_...to 使显露；暴露 ‎4．link_...to_... 将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎5．apart_from 除……之外；此外 ‎6．make_sense 讲得通；有意义 ‎7．(be)_strict_with_... 对……严格的 ‎8．be_to_blame 应受谴责 ‎9．look_into 调查 ‎10．lead_to 导致 ‎(Ⅱ)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．—Why is he feeling down today?‎ ‎—Because the suggestion he put_forward has been turned down.‎ ‎2．We’d better discuss the issue in detail before we draw_a_conclusion.‎ ‎3．Apart_from a few faults, he is a faithful friend.‎ ‎4．I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to look_into the matter.‎ ‎5．I don’t think it makes_sense to focus only on providing basic services.‎ ‎6．It is not the child but his parents who are_to_blame for this.‎ ‎7．The more one is_exposed_to the Englishspeaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.‎ ‎8．We must be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care.‎ ‎1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎[解读]　neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　美国政府和法国官员都没有证实有关叙利亚的这则新闻。‎ Neither the American government nor the French officials have_confirmed the news about Syria.‎ ‎2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ 每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。‎ ‎[解读]　every time “每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　每次我去拜访他，他总是在忙着做家庭作业。‎ Every_time_I_call_on_him,_he is always busy with his homework/in doing his homework.‎ ‎3．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。‎ ‎[解读]　“only＋状语”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。‎ ‎[仿写]　只有当全世界所有人意识到环保的紧迫性时，人类才能拥有一个洁净的地球。‎ Only when all people in the world realize the urgency of environmental problems _can_human_beings_own a clean earth.‎ 单元分板块学案 一、常考词汇细点拨 ‎1．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出 ‎[经典例句]　He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.(牛津P342)‎ 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。‎ ‎(1)conclude (从……中)推断出……‎ conclude sth. 以……结束……‎ to conclude 最后 ‎(2)come to/reach/draw a conclusion ‎ 得出结论 in conclusion 总而言之 ‎①He concluded his speech with a famous saying：where there is a will, there is a way.‎ 他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。‎ ‎②I’ve come_to_the_conclusion that he’s not the right person for the job.‎ 我断定他不适合做这项工作。‎ ‎③In_conclusion,_people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.(2010·福建高考书面表达)‎ 总之，全世界的人们都应该意识到水资源短缺的真实现状。‎ ‎[熟词生义]　选择句中conclude的含义 ‎④He concluded his performance with some amusing remarks.‎ A．结束；完成　　B．下结论；推论出　　C．决定 答案：A ‎2．attend vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理；注意vi.专心；留意 ‎[高考佳句]　That holiday morning I didn’t have to attend school.(2012·江西高考完形填空)‎ 那个假期早晨，我不必去上学。‎ attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/school/church ‎　　　　　　　　 参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/上学/做礼拜 attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人 attend to 处理；倾听；专心于；照料 ‎①She was praised for having attended on/upon her sick motherinlaw for over thirty years.‎ 她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。‎ ‎②I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to_attend_to.‎ 今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。‎ ‎3．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临 ‎[教材原句]　The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.‎ 自来水公司接到指示：不得使人们再受污水的影响。‎ ‎(1)expose ... to ...　　　 使……显露/暴露于……‎ ‎(be) exposed to ... 暴露于……；处于……危险中 ‎(2)expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事 ‎(3)expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触到某物；使某人面临遭受某事 ‎①Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight, or you’ll get sunburnt.‎ 不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。‎ ‎②It is generally believed that being exposed to radiation is rather dangerous.‎ 普遍认为暴露在辐射环境里会很危险。‎ ‎③Take care not to keep your children exposed_to the bad books and magazines.‎ 当心不要让孩子接触不良书籍和杂志。‎ ‎4．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入；吞并 ‎ ‎[教材原句]　The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.‎ 第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。‎ ‎(1)absorb/attract/draw one’s attention ‎　　　　　　　　　　　 吸引某人的注意 absorb ...into ... 把……吸收进……‎ ‎(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的 ‎(be) absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎①Absorbed in writing a letter, he didn’t even look up when I came in.‎ 他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。‎ ‎②So_absorbed_in_his_work was he that four hours had passed before he knew it.‎ 他如此专注于工作，不知不觉四个小时已经过去了。‎ ‎[联想归纳]‎ be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in ...。类似的结构还有：‎ ‎①be lost in ...　　　　　　 陷入……；专心致志于……‎ ‎②be caught in ... 被困在……‎ ‎③be buried in ... 埋头于……‎ ‎④be devoted to ... 致力于……；专心于……‎ ‎⑤be occupied in ... 忙于……‎ ‎⑥be involved in ... 专注于……‎ ‎5．blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于n.过失；责备 ‎[高考佳句]　Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.(2012·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 我们应该多交流，换位思考而不是相互责怪。‎ ‎(1)blame sb.for sth.　　　　　　 因某事而责备某人 blame sth.on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上 be to blame (for ...) 应承担(……)责任；该(因……)受责备 ‎(用主动形式表示被动意义)‎ ‎(2)take the blame for ... 对……负责 put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.‎ ‎ 把某事归咎于某人身上 ‎①Don’t always blame your own failure on others.Sometimes you yourself are to blame.‎ 不要总把失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。‎ ‎②The drunk driver should take_the_blame_for the traffic accident.‎ 那位醉酒司机应该承担交通事故的责任。‎ ‎6．contribute vt.& vi.捐款；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿 ‎[高考佳句]　Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement in English.(2012·山东高考写作)‎ 最后，一些好的英语学习网站也对我的英语提高起了很大作用。‎ ‎(1)contribute sth.to ...　 把某物捐献给……‎ contribute to 为……做出贡献；有助于；导致 ‎(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；投稿 make a contribution/contributions to ‎ 对……做出贡献 ‎①The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes to your confidence.(2013·重庆高考完形填空)‎ 一个特定的目标的实现，使你感觉良好并有助于增强你的信心。‎ ‎②Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.‎ 每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。‎ ‎③Everyone should make contributions to protecting the environment.‎ 每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。‎ ‎[联想归纳]‎ 表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有哪些？‎ cause,_lead_to,_result_in,_bring_about等。‎ 二、间考词汇自识记 ‎1．cure n．治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗 a cure for ...　　　 针对……的治疗(法)‎ cure sb. of ... 治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等 Professor Wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and there is still no cure ‎ for it.‎ 王教授说近视的原因很复杂，现在仍然没有治疗方法。‎ ‎2．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战 a challenge to　　　　　　　　 对……来说是一个挑战 accept/take up a/the challenge to sth.‎ ‎ 接受……的挑战 challenge sb. to sth./to do sth. 向某人挑战(做)某事 Keeping prices from going up too sharply is a challenge to China as well as the whole world.‎ 抑制物价迅猛增长既是中国也是全世界的挑战。‎ ‎3．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导 instruct sb. to do sth.　　　　　　　 命令某人做某事 instruct that... (should) do sth. 命令/指示……‎ The judge instructed that the witness (should) tell the truth.‎ 法官命令证人说实话。‎ ‎4．handle vt.管理；应付；处理；操作 n．把手；柄 handle sth.＝deal with sth.处理，应付某事 We hold that the affairs of a country must be handled by its own people.‎ 我们主张一个国家的事务要由那个国家的人民自己来处理。‎ ‎[熟词生义]　选择句中handle的含义 Not knowing what was wrong with his car, Martin decided to send for an experienced man to handle the problem.‎ A．把手　　　B．处理　　　C．研究 答案：B ‎5．link vt.& n．& vi.连接；联系 link ... to/with ...将……和……联系或连接起来 There is a link between ... and ...……和……之间有联系 It is obvious that there is a direct link between the disease and diet.‎ 显而易见这种疾病和饮食之间有直接的联系。‎ ‎———————————————————————————————‎ ‎……………………………………(记的更多、更快、更长久！)‎ 请根据提示写出与职业相关的高频单词 ‎1．accountant n. 会计师　　 2.agent n．　 代理商；经纪人 ‎3．assistant n. 助手；助理 4.merchant n. 商人 ‎5．receptionist n. 接待员 6.secretary n. 秘书 ‎7．servant n. 佣人 8.lawyer n. 律师 ‎———————————————————————————————‎ ‎[单词对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·湖北八校第二次联考)We almost always ________ our concerts with this song, not only because it’s a great piece of music, but also because we can get energies from the audience.‎ A．analyze　　　　　　　　 B．handle C．confirm D．conclude 解析：选D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们差不多总是以这首歌来结束我们的音乐会，不仅因为它是一首了不起的曲子，而且因为我们能从听众那里得到力量。故选conclude，表示“结束”。analyze“分析”；handle“处理”；confirm“证实”。‎ ‎2．(2014·黄石三校调研)The tire is flat, but what really ________ us is who we can turn to for help in this rural area.‎ A．confirms B．challenges C．guarantees D．motivates 解析：选B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：轮胎瘪了，但是我们真正面临的挑战是在这样一个农村地区，我们能找谁帮忙。challenge“考验(某人的)能力；向……挑战”，符合句意。confirm“证明；证实”；guarantee“保证；担保”；motivate“激励；激发”。‎ ‎3．(2014·荆州高三质检)I always have so many things to ________ when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.　‎ A．add to B．stick to C．attend to D．appeal to 解析：选C　句意：当我每次出国旅行回到公司时，我总有很多事要处理。attend to“处理”，符合句意。add to“增加”；stick to“坚持”；appeal to“恳求；请求；吸引”。‎ Ⅱ.多维演练(练得更细、更全、更彻底！)‎ ‎1．contribute面面观 ‎(1)根据英汉提示完成小片段 许多好心人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投稿到报社。‎ Many kind people contributed_money_to the poor boy, which contributed_to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and contributed_it_to a newspaper.‎ ‎(2)Frank’s ability to learn from observation and experience ________ greatly to his success in public life.‎ A．owed B．contributed C．attached D．related 解析：选B　考查动词辨析。句意：弗兰克从观察和经验中学习的能力对他在公共生活中的成功起到了极大的促进作用。故用contribute to表示“有助于；是……的原因之一”。owe to“归功于；欠(债、情等)”；attach to“附上”；relate to“涉及；了解”。‎ ‎2．absorb多棱镜 ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①Alcohol may take a few minutes to_be_absorbed_into the bloodstream and start action on the brain.(absorb)‎ 几分钟之后，酒精才被吸收进血液并对大脑起作用。‎ ‎②It was his attractive voice that_absorbed_many_experts'_attention.(absorb)‎ 正是他那有磁性的歌喉引起了许多专家的注意。‎ ‎(2)一句多译 汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。‎ ‎①Tom was_so_absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.‎ ‎②So_absorbed_was_Tom_in_his_work that he forgot to inform her of it.(改为含so ... that ...的倒装句)‎ ‎③Absorbed_in_his_work,_Tom forgot to inform her of it.(用过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎3．blame万花筒 ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①Jeremy rather than his friends_is_to_blame_for the accident.He shouldn't have driven after being drunk.(blame)‎ 是杰里米而不是他的朋友们应对这次事故负责。他本不该酒后驾车。‎ ‎②Blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.(blame)‎ Alice因为学校电脑网络故障被责备，情绪很低落。‎ ‎(2)(2014·黄石高三调研)I refuse to take any personal ________ for the failure of the project. After all, I’m not the person to be in charge.‎ A．blame B．error C．fault D．advantage 解析：选A　考查名词辨析。语境表示这个项目不是我负责，因此我不会接受对我的任何指责，用take the blame for sth.表示“负……的责任”。blame在这里用作名词，表示“埋怨；责备；指责；(过错、失败等的)责任”。‎ ‎4．expose点点练 ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①The girl hid herself behind the curtain, leaving/with_her_feet_exposed.(expose)‎ 女孩藏在窗帘后，露出双脚。‎ ‎②Travelling abroad exposes_children_to different languages and cultures.(expose)‎ 到国外旅游使孩子接触不同的语言和文化。‎ ‎③Being_exposed_to_the_sunshine for a long time is harmful to our skin.(expose)‎ 长时间的暴晒在阳光下对我们的皮肤有害。‎ ‎④Studies show that students often exposed_to_too_much_pressure tend to develop mental problems.(expose)‎ 研究表明，经常处于压力之下的学生往往会出现精神问题。‎ ‎(2)To develop your daughter’s interest in literature，you should ________ her to classical literary works.‎ A．devote B．apply C．expose D．recommend 解析：选C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了培养你女儿在文学方面的兴趣，你应该让她接受古典文学作品的熏陶。devote“奉献”；apply“应用；申请”；expose“使处于……影响之下”；recommend“推荐”。根据句意可知，C项符合句意。‎ ‎1．put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨 ‎[教材原句]　Who put forward a theory about black holes?‎ 谁提出的黑洞理论？‎ ‎[一词多义]‎ 写出下列句中put forward的含义 ‎①As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an edictionary. 提出 ‎②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put him forward as a candidate. 推荐 ‎③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes. 拨快 ‎④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. 提前 put aside　　　　　　 节省；储蓄；储存；留出 put away 放好；积蓄 put off 延期；推迟 put in 安装；把……写进；添加 put out 熄灭；生产 put down 写下；记下 put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿 put up with 容忍；忍受 put through 接通电话；完成；使经受 ‎⑤Believing my novel could not be published, I put_it_aside.‎ 我认为我的小说不会出版，就把它放到了一边。‎ ‎⑥First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.(2013·浙江高考阅读A)‎ 首先他开了家商店，然后他在商店外面挂了一个条幅来吸引顾客。‎ ‎[链接高考]‎ ‎(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)At the last moment, Tom decided to ________ a new character to make the story seem more likely.‎ A．put up B．put in C．put on D．put off 解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：在最后的时刻，汤姆决定添加一个新人物，以使故事显得更真实。put up“建造”；put in“添上”；put on“穿上”；put off“推迟”。根据句意可知，应选B项。‎ ‎2．make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通 ‎[教材原句]　Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ 只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。‎ ‎(1)make sense of　　　　 理解；明白 make no sense 没道理；没意义 ‎(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装)‎ common sense 常识 There is no/little sense in doing sth.‎ ‎ 做某事没道理 ‎①This sentence just doesn’t make sense, no matter how you read it.‎ 无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。‎ ‎②It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.‎ 在失控前致力解决这个问题，这么做是明智的。‎ ‎③Planning so far ahead makes no sense — so many things will have changed by next year.‎ 提前这么久做计划没有意义——到第二年许多事情都会发生变化。‎ ‎④In_no_sense do you tell lies to your family.‎ 你决不可向家人撒谎。‎ ‎⑤As far as I’m concerned, there_is_no_sense_in getting upset about it now.‎ 就我而言，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。‎ ‎[短语对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 ‎1．Apart_from his carelessness sometimes, he is a reliable man.‎ ‎2．All the people present accepted the suggestion put_forward by the chairman.‎ ‎3．Generally speaking, parents like the teachers who are_strict_with their children.‎ ‎4．The coal mine explosion in Northeastern China was_exposed_to the public by the media.‎ ‎5．There are three spelling mistakes in this sentence, so it doesn’t make_sense.‎ ‎6．We can’t draw_a_conclusion without having a wide investigation into this matter.‎ Ⅱ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·湖北省八校联考)The newcomer was annoyed that the natives couldn’t ________ his meaning because of his strong accent.‎ A．get down to B．make sense of C．look down upon D．go in for 解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个新来的人很烦恼，因为他有很重的口音，当地人无法理解他的意思。get down to“着手处理”；make sense of“理解”；look down upon“轻视”；go in for“参加；从事”。‎ ‎2．(2014·武汉二中高三模拟)________ cleaning the yard and making up the beds for the old, we also read newspapers for them and had chats with them.‎ A．Except for B．Rather than C．Apart from D．Instead of 解析：选C　考查短语辨析。根据also可知，我们所做的也包括clean the yard和make up the beds for the old这两件事，故用apart from“除了……还”，相当于besides/in addition ‎ to。except for “除了……之外”(用于修正和补充句子的主要意思); rather than “而不是”； instead of “代替”。‎ ‎3．In my opinion, the view Jennifer ________ the other day is well worth discussing at this meeting.‎ A．put forward B．put out C．put on D．put off 解析：选A　句意：依我看来，由前几天Jennifer提出的观点在这次会议上很值得讨论。put forward“提出”，符合句意。‎ ‎1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.‎ 人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。‎ ‎(1)neither ...nor ...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。‎ ‎①To be honest, I have neither time nor money for the ball.‎ 诚实地说，我既没有时间也没有金钱参加舞会。‎ ‎②Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.(2014·太原五中高三二模)‎ 我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。‎ ‎(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：‎ either ... or ...　　　　　　 不是……就是……‎ not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且……‎ not ... but ... 不是……而是……‎ ‎③Not only the nurses but also the doctor is_very_kind_to the patients.‎ 护士和医生都对病人非常和蔼。‎ ‎④Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。‎ ‎2．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.‎ 每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。‎ every time引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，表示“每当……”。名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：‎ ‎(1)由time构成的名词词组：each time，the first/last time，next time，any time等。‎ ‎①Every time Kobe visits China, he receives a warm welcome from his Chinese fans.(2014·安徽黄山七校联考)‎ 每一次科比来访中国，都会受到中国球迷的热烈欢迎。‎ ‎②You are welcome to come back any_time_you_want_to.‎ 你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。‎ ‎(2)the＋瞬间名词：the minute，the instant，the second，the moment等。‎ ‎③The moment they heard the shout for help, they rushed out.　‎ 他们一听到呼救声就冲了出去。‎ ‎(3)the＋时间名词：the day，the week，the year，the spring，the summer，the autumn，the winter等。‎ ‎④The_day_I_left_here,_they all came to see me off.‎ 我离开这里的那一天，他们都来给我送行。‎ ‎⑤The summer Mary was 14, her family travelled to Europe.‎ 玛丽十四岁的那年夏天，她一家人到欧洲去旅行。‎ ‎[句型对点集训]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 完成句子 ‎1．(2014·湖北省部分重点中学一联)All the lights will be on the_moment_you_press_the_‎ switch.(moment)‎ 你一按下开关，所有的灯都会亮。‎ ‎2．(2014·襄阳调研)Not until the war was over was_he_able_to_return_to his homeland and continue his scientific research.(able)‎ 直到战争结束，他才能够回到祖国，继续从事他的科学研究工作。‎ ‎3．Neither he nor his brother works_hard,_which makes his parents upset.(work)‎ 他和他兄弟工作都不努力，这使他的父母很生气。‎ ‎4．Unfortunately, not only was_the_equipment_difficult_to_operate,_but also it cost them more money than they had expected before.(operate)‎ 可惜，这种设备不仅操作困难，而且比他们原先预料的更费钱。‎ 过去分词作定语和表语 完成句子 ‎1．(2014·黄冈调研) If you decide to_buy_a_used_car,_there are several things you need to keep in mind.(use)‎ 如果你决定要买一辆二手车，有几件事情你有必要记住。‎ ‎2．(2014·咸宁调研)Before us lies the biggest room, filled_with_things like guns, dolls and old clothes.(fill)‎ 我们面前是最大的房间，里面装满了枪支、玩偶和旧衣服之类的东西。‎ ‎3．(2014·武汉市部分学校新高三起点调研测试)Have you ever considered how weak humans are compared_with/to a volcano, hurricane or earthquake？(compare)‎ 你曾想到过吗，与火山、飓风或地震相比，人类是多么的渺小？‎ ‎4．(2014·湖北省部分重点中学一联)Jason is often educated by his parents to be friendly to others even if (he_is)_treated_unfairly.(treat)‎ Jason 的父母经常教育他对人要友善，即使是受到了不公正对待。‎ ‎5．(2014·武昌区第二学期期末调研考试)It was the farmer as well as his two sons who/that_was_suspected_of_stealing the precious stone from the ancient tomb.(suspect)‎ 正是那个农民及他的两个儿子被怀疑偷盗了那座古墓中的宝石。‎ 单元综合知识运用 Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·襄阳调研)The young man ________ regularly to the magazine The Times, which makes him a popular writer among the readers.‎ A．attended　　　　　　　　 B．devoted C．appealed D．contributed 解析：选D　考查动词(短语)辨析。句意：这位年轻人定期给《泰晤士报》投稿，这使得他成为受读者欢迎的一位作家。contribute to除了意为“贡献；有利于；导致”之外，还有“向……投稿”的意思，符合语境。‎ ‎2．(2014·湖北荆州质检)Considering your salary, you should be able to ________ at least $200 a week to keep up with your mortgage payments.‎ A．put forward B．put up C．put out D．put aside 解析：选D　句意：考虑到你的薪水，你每个星期应该能至少存储200美元来偿还房贷。put构成的四个动词短语的主要含义：put forward“提出”；put up“建造；张贴；投宿”；put out“熄灭；发布”；put aside“保留”。从句意可知选D。‎ ‎3．Family violence against women hasn’t caused widespread concern because it is not the Chinese tradition to ________ the family conflicts to outsiders.‎ A．express B．expose C．inquire D．distribute 解析：选B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：针对妇女的家庭暴力还没有引起足够的重视，因为把家庭矛盾暴露给外人不是中国的传统。express“表达”；expose“暴露”；inquire“询问”；distribute“分布”。‎ ‎4．(2014·襄阳八中月考)These results are ________ with the findings of the previous study, showing that there is a close link between the polluted water and cholera.‎ A．familiar B．popular C．consistent D．content 解析：选C　句意：结果与先前的研究发现相一致，表明污水与霍乱有密切的联系。consistent“一致的”，符合句意。‎ ‎5．(2014·湖北襄阳高三调研)Seeing a dog suddenly appearing on the road, the driver turned the steering wheel ________ to avoid hitting it.‎ A．randomly B．sharply C．severely D．cautiously 解析：选B　考查副词辨析。句意：看到一条狗突然出现在路上，司机迅速转动方向盘，以免撞上那条狗。这里用sharply，表示“迅速地；突然地”。randomly“随意地”；severely“严重地”；cautiously“小心地；谨慎地”。‎ ‎6．Reducing the gap between the rich and the poor is one of the main ________ facing the government.‎ A．difficulties B．challenges C．problems D．conflicts 解析：选B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：缩小贫富之间的差距是这届政府面临的主要挑战之一。challenge“挑战”，符合句意。difficulty“困难”；problem“问题”；conflict“矛盾；冲突”。‎ ‎7．(2014·湖北鄂西示范校高三质检)In order not to be deserted by the society, no matter who we are, we must ________ the call of the times.‎ A．lead to B．respond to C．relate to D．refer to 解析：选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了不被社会淘汰，无论我们是谁，都应该响应时代的号召。respond to“响应”，符合句意。lead to“导致”；relate to“涉及”；refer to“指的是”。‎ ‎8．I’m afraid I wouldn’t like to join you in the game, for I have something important to ________.‎ A．react to B．attend to C．attach to D．adapt to 解析：选B　句意：我恐怕不能加入你们的活动，因为我还有重要的事情料理。attend to sb./sth.＝give practical consideration to sb./sth.“照顾、关照某人/某事物”。‎ ‎9．Just take it easy！Nothing serious.Take the medicine according to the ________， and you’ll get better soon.‎ A．introductions B．explanations C．suggestions D．instructions 解析：选D　句意：别急！没什么严重的。按照说明书服药，不久你就会好的。instructions “用法说明；操作指南”，符合句意。 introduction “介绍；引进”； explanation “解释”； suggestion “建议”。‎ ‎10．John applied to several companies after he resigned his position as vice president, but he was ________ over and over again.‎ A．rejected B．resisted C．relied D．reacted 解析：选A　句意：约翰曾经是副总裁，辞职后到几家公司去应聘，但他一次次地遭到拒绝。reject“拒绝”，符合句意。resist“抵抗”；rely“依靠”；react“起反应”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．(2014·襄阳调研)The_moment_he_moved,_the boat began to rock from side to side.(moment)‎ 他一动，这艘船就开始两边摇晃。‎ ‎2．It_makes_no_sense/It_doesn't_make_any_sense whether you make peace with them or not. For us, they are always a deadly threat.(make)‎ 你们是否与他们讲和毫无意义。对我们而言，他们总是一种致命的威胁。‎ ‎3．(2014·荆州质检)These trees could_have_grown as tall as more than five metres, but why are they still so short now? (grow)‎ 这些树本来能长5米高的，可为什么它们现在还那么矮？‎ ‎4．We were all disappointed at the news that_their_team_had_been_defeated in the game.(defeat) ‎ 听到他们队在比赛中被打败的消息，我们大家都感到失望。‎ ‎5．(2014·随州调研)The terrible disease, if not_handled_in_time,_as you know, will spread quickly, causing many more deaths.(handle)‎ 这种可怕的疾病，如果不及时处理，正如你所知的，将会迅速扩展，导致更多人死亡。‎ ‎6．Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy, saying that he was not the one who_was_to_blame_for the accident.(blame)‎ 格林先生站起来为那个十六岁的男孩辩护，说那个男孩不该为此意外负责。‎ ‎7．The film brought the hours back to me when_I_was_well_attended in that faraway village.(attend)‎ 电影把我带回了我在那个遥远的村庄得到很好照顾的时光。‎ ‎8．So difficult a question did_he_put_forward_that nobody present at the meeting could come up with a solution to it.(put)‎ 他提出的问题如此之难以至于与会人员没有一个人能提出解决方案。‎ ‎9．Not until the scientist did the investigations for a long time did_he_conclude_that the polluted air was the cause of the disease.(conclude)‎ 调查了好长时间，这名科学家才下结论说是受污染的空气导致了这种疾病的产生。‎ ‎10．It was not until three years ago that_I_began_to_suspect that he was a spy.(suspect) ‎ 直到三年前我才开始怀疑他是一名间谍。‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2014·华中师大一附中适应性考试)One day, a kind woman happened to say something that hurt her best friend of many years. She __1__ immediately and would do anything to take the words back. What she said hurt the friend so __2__ that this good woman was herself hurt for the ‎ __3__ she caused. In an effort to undo what she had done, she went to an older, wiser woman in the village, explained her __4__， and asked for advice.‎ Listening to her, the older woman sensed the younger woman’s worry and knew she must __5__ her. She also knew she could never __6__ her pain, but she could teach. She knew the outcome would only __7__ the character of the younger woman. She said, “Tonight, __8__ your best feather pillows and put a single feather on the __9__ of each house in town before the sun rises.”‎ The young woman hurried home to prepare for it, __10__ the feather pillows were very dear to her. __11__， she labored alone in the cold. Finally the sky was getting __12__. She placed the last feather on the steps of the last house. Just as the sun rose, she __13__ to the older woman.‎ ‎“Now，” said the wise woman, “Go back and __14__ your pillows with the feather you have put on the steps. __15__ everything will be as it was before.”‎ ‎“You know that’s impossible! The wind __16__ away each feather as fast as I placed them on the doorsteps！” The young woman was surprised.‎ ‎“That’s __17__，” said the older woman. “Never forget. Each of your __18__ is like a feather in the wind. Once spoken, no amount of __19__， no matter how heartfelt or sincere, can return them to your __20__. Choose your words well and, most of all, guard them in the presence of those you love.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。说出去的话就像泼出去的水，不管我们做什么样的努力，都是无法收回的。所以我们在说话之前一定要学会三思而后言。‎ ‎1．A.replied　　　　　　　　　 B．forgot C．laughed D．regretted 解析：选D　根据下文“would do anything to take the words back”可知，她感到后悔，故答案选D“后悔，遗憾”。A“答复”；B“忘记”；C“笑，嘲笑”。‎ ‎2．A.deeply B．slightly C．little D．straight 解析：选A　根据下文“was herself hurt”可知，此处表示把她朋友伤得很深，故答案选A“深深地”。B“轻微地”；C“几乎没有”；D“直接地”。‎ ‎3．A.blank B．intention C．pain D．mess 解析：选C　根据文章第一句中“hurt her best friend of many years”可知，此处指她说错话，给朋友造成的伤害，故答案选C“伤害，痛苦”。A“空白”；B“意图，打算”；D“困境，麻烦”。‎ ‎4．A.lecture B．situation C．shortcomings D．position 解析：选B　根据上文可知，她将她目前的处境(situation)说给了这位智者。A“演讲，说教”；B“处境，情形”；C“缺点”；D“位置，职位”。故答案选B。‎ ‎5．A.help B．scold C．praise D．punish 解析：选A　根据上文可知，年轻的女人是向智者来求助的，这位智者感觉到她的担忧并且知道必须去帮助她。故答案选A“帮助”。B“责骂”；C“表扬”；D“惩罚”。‎ ‎6．A.feel B．resist C．remove D．find 解析：选C　根据下文可知，说出去的话不能收回，所以造成的伤害也就无法挽回。此处与文章最后一段中“no matter how ... can return them ...”相照应。故答案选C“去除”。‎ ‎7．A.contribute to B．focus on C．depend on D．recover from 解析：选C　尽管这位智者知道不能帮助这个女人消除内心的痛苦，但她还是决定去教她一个道理，而这个女人是否会接受这个道理取决于她的性格，故答案选C“依靠，取决于”。A“捐献，有助于”；B“专注于”；D“从……中恢复”。‎ ‎8．A.show B．hide C．throw D．take 解析：选D　根据下文可知，这个女人拿着枕头将里面的羽毛放在每户人家的台阶上。由此可知，答案选D“拿着，带着”。A“出示”；B“藏起来”；C“扔掉”。‎ ‎9．A.roof B．step C．wall D．mailbox 解析：选B　此处与下文第三段中“She placed the last feather on the steps of the last house.”相照应。故答案选B“台阶”。‎ ‎10．A.as though B．even though C．in case D．so long as 解析：选B　根据语境可知，前后两句话之间是让步关系，故答案选B“尽管”。A“似乎，好像”；C“万一”；D“只要”。‎ ‎11．A.Worse still B．As a matter of fact C．The following day D．All night long 解析：选D　根据下文“Finally the sky ...”可知，此处指她忙了整个晚上，故答案选D。此处与上文中的“Tonight”及下文中“the sky was getting ...”“Just as the sun rose”相照应。A“更糟糕的是”；B“实际上”；C“第二天”。‎ ‎12．A.light B．dark C．snowy D．cloudy 解析：选A　根据下句中“Just as the sun rose”可知，此处指天快亮了，故答案选A。‎ ‎13．A.appealed B．returned C．waved D．nodded 解析：选B　根据语境可知，完成智者交代的事后她来见智者，故答案选B“返回”。A“上诉，呼吁”；C“挥手”；D“点头”。‎ ‎14．A.sew B．decorate C．refill D．preserve 解析：选C　根据下段内容可知，智者让她将羽毛重新装入枕头，故答案选C“重新装入”。A“缝纫”；B“装饰”；D“保存，预定”。‎ ‎15．A.Besides B．Or C．Instead D．Then 解析：选D　句意为：然后一切就会回到之前的样子了。前后句为承接关系，故答案选D。‎ ‎16．A.blew B．gave C．put D．drove 解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处指风会把羽毛吹走，故答案选A“吹风”。‎ ‎17．A.awesome B．elegant C．wonderful D．true 解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处指她说得没错，故答案选D“正确的”。‎ ‎18．A.words B．friends C．promises D．expectations 解析：选A　根据下文中“Once spoken”可知，此处指所说的话，故答案选A“言语”。‎ ‎19．A.appetite B．effort C．idea D．joke 解析：选B　句意为：说出去的话，无论你做多少努力，无论你多么情真意切，都无法收回。A“食欲，欲望”；B“努力”；C“想法”；D“笑话”。由语境可知，答案选B。‎ ‎20．A.ears B．eyes C．mouth D．face 解析：选C　本句话的主语应是“Each of your words”，所以根据“return”可知，此处指“说出去的话，永远也收不回来”。故答案选C。‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 ‎(2014·襄阳调考)Human beings are the most intelligent of all animals because we are gifted with the ability to think and reason logically.Scientists and even common people with special intelligence have made a lot of inventions and contributions to modern lifestyle in the past.“Houses” have been the most popular area for discoveries and inventions in the past and even now.‎ Many household items have been the result of inventions of people who desired better ‎ functioning of the existent products.Every individual has intelligence and if it is used properly for the right purpose it leads to invention of a new tool or device.Many new household inventions are made almost every day and there are specific companies, which particularly keep a record of all these inventions.‎ A lot of inventions have been made recently in the household field.These products are patented (专利) and have trade mark licenses.The patented sliding cinch is a very simple but effective method to prevent shoulder stress and injury for those who work before computers all day long.Vanity PC is a type of computer furniture that specifically hides all the computer wires and keeps a clean and good look.All the outdoor dust, mud and snow can be kept out of the house by installing (安装) the dirt drain (排水管) at the entrance of the door.Another important invention is the automatic toilet nightlight, in which a small light starts when the lid of the toilet seat is opened and closes as soon as the lid is closed.‎ These are some of the new household inventions invented mostly by common people.Thus, a variety of new household items are invented every day, which helps in a better functioning of household chores and in a more useful manner.‎ ‎1．The first paragraph is intended to ________.‎ A．stress the importance of inventions B．introduce the topic of the article C．show the advantages of modern lifestyle D．tell the differences between human beings and animals 解析：选B　写作意图题。通读第一段可知，本段主要讲述了人类作为自然界最聪明的动物，有很多发明创造，其中房子的发明意义极为重大。而下文皆以房子为话题展开表述。故整个第一段内容都是为引出下文做好铺垫，所以第一段主要介绍文章的主题。故答案选B。‎ ‎2．According to the passage, people make house inventions to ________.‎ A．earn more money and gain awards B．accumulate their wealth C．improve the present living conditions D．meet the new demands of new science 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Many household ... the existent products.”可知，人们发明创造的目的就在于提高现有的生活水平，故答案选C。‎ ‎3．It can be inferred that the sliding cinch is used to ________.‎ A．prevent your shoulder from being overpressured B．keep your shoulder safe and sound in an accident or an operation C．help you practice your shoulder more often and reduce shoulder pains D．cover your shoulder and make it stronger to resist the outside strike 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据文章第三段第三句“The patented ... all day long.”可知，它可以为你的肩膀减轻压力，避免负荷过重，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．The passage mainly talks about ________.‎ A．the correct use of household facilities B．different ideas about household inventions C．the history of household inventions D．household inventions and their influence 解析：选D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章提到各种家居的、常见的发明和其影响，即文章的主体内容。故选项D符合题意。‎