三精考点之高三英语最困难考点系列：高三英语最困难考点系列（8）完形填空

三精考点之高三英语最困难考点系列：高三英语最困难考点系列（8）完形填空

高三最困难考点系列（8）完形填空 完形填空 ‎★★★★★‎ ‎○○○○○‎ ‎【命题说明】‎ ‎(一)选材角度 体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。选材多为具有一定故事情节的短文，一般按照时间线索行文，逻辑清晰，层次分明。‎ 题材上，选用贴近考生实际生活的语言材料。文章均富有思想性和教育性，常常通过生活琐事来预示人生哲理与人性，可读性较强。‎ ‎(二)挖空角度 首先，文章首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握。‎ 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。‎ 最后，具体挖空的时候遵循“重复原则”，即挖去的词通常都在保留的上下文中给出解题的线索。‎ ‎(三)选项角度 同一空格所对应的四个选项一般是同一词性，或在句子中充当同样的语法成分，这是拟选项时所应遵循的最基本的原则。在完形填空题中，具体的语法规则不再是考查重点，而主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过具体的语言环境来做出选择。所以，所拟出的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某种考生非常熟悉的固定搭配，具有很强的干扰和迷惑作用。‎ ‎(四)考查角度 完形填空主要考查5个角度：上下文语义理解、语法结构及逻辑关系、习惯搭配及固定结构、词义辨析和生活常识及文化背景。‎ 非谓语动词的核心考点 ‎1．通过“主旨大意”解题 在完形填空的解题中，考生对主旨大意的理解十分重要，记叙文中情节发展的走向始终体现文章的中心思想。因此，对主旨大意的正确把握有助于考生对文章细节的正确理解，特别是对长难句的分析和突破，从而提高解题的正确率。‎ ‎[典例]From my second grade on，there was one event I feared every year：the piano recital (独奏演唱会)．A recital__36__I had to practice a boring piece of music and perform before strangers.Each year I__37__(would) ask my father if I could skip the recital “just this once”．And each year he'd shake his head，muttering (嘀咕)__38__(something) about building selfconfidence and working towards a__39__(goal)．‎ ‎36．A.reflected B．explained C．meant D．proved ‎[剖析]该段一开头就提出了作者许久以来一直担心的事情是独奏音乐会，可见“From my second grade on，there was one event feared every year：the piano recital.”是主题句。根据句中的feared可知，独奏音乐会意味着作者需要演奏令人厌烦无聊的音乐曲目，这个意思需要和该段的首句所表达的意思保持一致。这样，联系主题句是该题解题的关键所在。‎ ‎[答案]C ‎2．通过“文化背景”解题 完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有这样才能既快又准确地解题。‎ ‎[典例]__25__(Unfortunately)，Canadian medical schools did not __26__women students at the time.Therefore，Charlotte went to the United States to study __27__(medicine) at the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia.It took her five years to __28__(earn) her medical degree.‎ ‎26．A.hire B．entertain C．trust D．accept ‎[剖析]英语本身就充满了与众不同的语言文化，利用其文化特征解题通常是很好的一个切入点。27空前 ‎[答案]D ‎3．通过“顾后信息”解题 众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往”，所以正确领会和下文情节的发展发生这样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息，从而做出正确的选择。‎ ‎[典例]Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the ‎ Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top__21__，but on their way back conditions were very__22__(difficult)．Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon__23__(continued) alone，he would probably get back__24__(safely)．‎ ‎21．A.hurriedly B．carefully C．successfully D．early ‎[剖析]从空后信息寻找解题根据是完形填空题中最常用的解题方法之一。该题空前谈到他们登山，特别 ‎[答案]C ‎4．通过“瞻前信息”解题 这种情况多出现在文章展开之后，这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息，设空和前文有逻辑或语境的联系，这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息，以达到解题的目的。‎ ‎[典例][2016·全国Ⅰ]Once fire and emergency people arrived，Larry and the other man __56__(backed off) and let them go to work.Then，Larry asked the __57__ if he was needed or __58__(free) to go.They let him and the other man go.‎ ‎57．A.woman B．police C．man D．driver ‎[剖析]在完形填空的解题中，运用空前信息解题是最常用的解题方法之一。从上文“Once fire and emergency people arrived”可知警察赶到现场。‎ ‎[答案]B ‎5．通过“逻辑关系”解题 虽然高考完形填空越来越淡化对语法的考查，但一个语意连贯的语篇必须通过省略、指代、时间、地点、条件、方式、原因、让步等语法关联手段来实现，命题人常利用这些关联制造语境，设置考点。考生解题时可利用这些语法关系对句子进行分析、判断并推理出最佳选项。‎ ‎　　　　‎ ‎[典例][2016·全国Ⅰ]They told her to stay __52__(still) until the emergency personnel arrived，__53__ she thought the car was going to __54__(explore)．Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move __55__(in case) she injured her neck.‎ ‎53．A.for B．so C．and D．but ‎[剖析]他们告诉她要保持不动直到救援人员到达。且由下句的“Larry告诉她火已经扑灭了”可知这位女士怕汽车着火后爆炸。可知53空前后表转折关系。‎ ‎[答案]D ‎6．通过“固定搭配”解题 在语言学习中，掌握词组和短语的用法是一项重要的技能要求。在高考完形填空的命题中，通常会涉及短语，以动词短语为主，偶见介词短语等。考生需要运用所学词汇知识，结合综合语言运用能力来解题。‎ ‎[典例]At this store，a __42__(sight) like this is not normal.My 10yearold noticed him and made a __43__ on how bad it must be to have to stand __44__(outside) in the cold wind.‎ ‎43．A.suggestion B．comment C．decision D．call ‎[剖析]make a comment on“对……做出评论”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎[答案]B ‎7．通过“生活常识”解题 完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活，涉及日常生活常识的试题就在所难免。所以考生在解题时，可以根据这些常识做出正确选择。‎ ‎[典例]By now medical staff had arrived，and were __40__the injured woman.We gave the flower to the woman's husband and I told him it was __41__(from) my son.At that，the old man started crying and said，“Thank you very much，” He then turned to me，“You have a __42__(wonderful) son.Happy Mother's Day to you.”‎ ‎40．A.checking with B．looking after C．operating on D．praying for ‎ [答案]B ‎8．通过“先易后难”解题 完形填空中的20个小题总是有难易之分，建议考生先易后难。这样做的好处是：当大部分试题完成之后，文章的情节就基本完整，这样把握主旨大意，进而突破细节理解就成为可能，从而突破试题中相对较难的题目。‎ ‎[典例]Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring，but I__38__(managed) to catch a taxi to my__39__and settle in.Next morning，I took another__40__(taxi) to the shopping centre to buy a few souvenirs.‎ ‎39．A.hospital B．company C．university D．accommodation ‎[剖析]作者先是设法租了一辆出租车，第二天早晨又租了另一辆出租车去购物中心，我们把该题前后相对容易的问题解决，那么该题也就水到渠成了，也就是乘出租车到达住宿的地方。当然文中的settle in和next morning等信息也起到了提示作用。‎ ‎[答案]D ‎9．通过“排除错项”解题 在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下，考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出和语境最吻合、语义最衔接的一个选项，这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。‎ ‎[典例]For almost four years，my mother would call us from Brazil every day.Every evening I'd __21__(eagerly) wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.A phone call，however，could never replace her__22__and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.‎ ‎22．A.patience B．presence C．intelligence D．influence ‎[剖析]句意：虽然我每天都和妈妈通电话，但是仅仅一个电话是完全不能代替妈妈在场的。说明我很想妈妈在我身边。选项中patience意为“耐心”；intelligence意为“智力”；influence意为“影响”。这些意思和语境无关，均能予以排除。‎ ‎[答案]B ‎10．通过“平行结构”解题 文章中的意群总是会通过一定的逻辑关系纽带连在一起，特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一般说来，这些平行并列的结构所表达的语境是一致的，考生解题时要注意这一点。‎ ‎[典例]The first time I saw Suzy Khan，I knew I had to help her.She was really small for her age of 12.The boys in my class often__36__about her and laughed their heads off.She would open a book，pretending to read，with tears dropping on the open page.‎ ‎36．A.joked B．cared C．forgot D．worried ‎[剖析]joke表示“取笑”，可由该句中and后的动词laugh推知此处为近义词，班上的男孩经常取笑她。‎ ‎[答案]A ‎(一)句内层次题 句内层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所在的那一句话即可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析、生活常识和文化背景、习惯搭配及固定结构、语法结构及逻辑关系等五种。‎ ‎[典例1][2016·四川]On a family car trip，her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter，as a surprise for her __42__.‎ ‎42．A.daughter　　　　　　 B．niece C．student D．friend ‎[剖析]根据“her Aunt Dede”可知，Dede是Lainey的姑姑，Lainey是Dede的侄女，故选niece。‎ ‎[答案]B ‎[典例2]My father had longed to play music since childhood，but his family was poor and couldn't __43__lessons.‎ ‎43．A.miss B．afford C．select D．understand ‎[剖析]本题为句内层次题。由本句中的“his family was poor”可推知，不能负担起(afford)钢琴课的费用。‎ ‎[答案]B ‎(二)句组层次题 句组层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所在的那一句话不能找出正确答案，需要结合题目所在句子以外的句子(句组)才可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析和逻辑关系等三种。‎ ‎[典例][2016·天津]Cathy suffered some terrible __16__ in her early childhood.After years of regular treatment，she __17__(finally) became healthy.‎ ‎16．A.failure B．pressure C．loss D．illness ‎ [答案]D ‎ (三)语篇层次题 语篇层次类题目是指无法在句内或句组确定答案，需要结合整个语篇才能找到正确答案的题目。这类题目主要考查考生的篇章分析能力。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解和逻辑关系两种。‎ ‎[典例][2016·四川]“How can you say it's __48__(boring)？Have you read it？”asked Aunt Dede.‎ ‎“No，it's too long and it doesn't have any __49__，”complained Lainey.‎ ‎“Oh，that's where you are __50__(wrong)；there are lots of pictures.Every page is full of pictures；you just have to read the words to __51__(see) them.It's like magic.”‎ ‎49．A.pictures B．stories C．adventures D．conversations ‎[剖析]根据50空后Dede的回答“...there are lots of pictures.Every page is full of pictures...”可知，Lainey抱怨书中没有图片。‎ ‎[答案]A ‎【江西省百所名校2018届高三第一次联合考试】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ In 1988, I began to work as a flight attendant.___41___ my wings was my childhood dream that I had set for myself after my first plane ride at the age of five. Like so many others before me, I fell in love with the romance of airplanes and ___42___ others.‎ I have flown hundreds of flights since graduation, but one ___43___ among them. We were flying from Los Angeles to Washington, D. C., when I found a young mother ___44___ with her baby. Everything was a ___45___, and the mother told me that she had no more diapers (尿布) or other ___46___ on the aircraft. Through her tears, she ___47___ me that they had missed their flight the ___48___ night in Los Angeles. Since she hadn’t ___49___ to miss the flight, she was ___50___ to use up most of her ___51___ and whatever money she had to ___52___ herself and her baby. As she stood in front of me, crying, I could see the hopelessness on her face. I ___53___ rang the flight attendant call button and asked for ___54___ from the other flight attendants. They brought cloth towels from first ___55___ to assist in cleaning up both mom and the baby. I gave her a sweater and a pair of pants.‎ As she thanked me for all I had done she said ___56___, “You’re not the flight attendant, but you’re a sky angel.” Touching my flight attendant wings, she ___57___, “And those are your angel wing.”‎ Though I am no longer a flight attendant, my “angel wings” are ___58___ on display in my office. And each time I see them, I am ___59___ of that young woman, her son and the ___60___ that she gave me on that special day.‎ ‎41. A. Producing B. Designing C. Imagining D. Earning ‎42. A. calling B. guiding C. helping D. rescuing ‎43. A. goes away B. stands out C. comes up D. sets off ‎44. A. struggling B. playing C. communicating D. competing ‎45. A. mess B. mistake C. trick D. joke ‎46. A. friends B. fortune C. clothing D. babies ‎47. A. suggested B. informed C. persuaded D. confirmed ‎48. A. previous B. dangerous C. extra D. remaining ‎49. A. remembered B. regretted C. managed D. expected ‎50. A. warned B. forced C. able D. likely ‎51. A. wealth B. supplies C. food D. souvenirs ‎52. A. raise B. teach C. support D. defeat ‎53. A. suddenly B. actually C. immediately D. generally ‎54. A. assistance B. advice C. permission D. understanding ‎55. A. airport B. aid C. number D. class ‎56. A. elegantly B. quickly C. eagerly D. patiently ‎57. A. repeated B. explained C. recalled D. continued ‎58. A. seldom B. still C. even D. just ‎59. A. accused B. approved C. reminded D. complained ‎60. A. scene B. excuse C. story D. present ‎【答案】41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. B 51. B 52. C 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. D ‎【解析】短文讲述作者做空姐时帮助一位妈妈和她的婴儿而被这位妈妈称为天使，把自己的制服徽章成为“天使的翅膀”，现在不再是空姐但是永远留着这“天使的翅膀”，永远记得这位妈妈和她送自己的礼物。‎ ‎42. 考查动词辨析。句意：就像我之前的许多人一样，我爱上了飞机的浪漫和帮助别人。A. calling打电话；B. guiding指导；C. helping帮助；D. rescuing营救。根据下文提到作者作为空姐而帮助了别人，所以推知此处表示作者爱上了帮助别人。故选C.‎ ‎43. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：毕业后，我已经飞了好几百次航班，但其中有一次很引我注意。A. goes away走开；B. stands out突出，引人注目；C. comes up走近；D. sets off出发。根据下文要介绍这一次航班，所以表示这次航班很突出，让我一直记着。故选B.‎ ‎44. 考查动词辨析及固定搭配。句意：我们从洛杉矶飞到华盛顿特区，这时我发现一个年轻的母亲在和她的孩子较劲。A. struggling斗争，挣扎；B. playing玩；C. communicating交际；D. competing竞赛。struggling with与…斗争，和…较劲。故选A.‎ ‎45. 考查名词辨析。句意：一切都是一团糟，母亲告诉我，她再没有尿布或其他衣物带上飞机了。A. mess混乱；B. mistake错误；C. trick诡计；D. joke玩笑。根据下文的“ assist in cleaning up ‎ both mom and the baby.”可知，母女俩很狼狈，我们给她们清洗，所以推知此处状况很糟。故选A.‎ ‎46. 考查名词辨析及上下文推理。句意：一切都是一团糟，母亲告诉我，飞机上没有尿布或其他衣物。A. friends朋友；B. fortune财富；C. clothing衣物；D. babies婴儿。根据下文“I gave her a sweater and a pair of pants.”可推知，此处表示这位妈妈没有其他衣物了。故选C.‎ ‎47. 考查动词辨析。句意：她流着泪水告诉我，她们错过了前一天晚上在洛杉矶的航班。后面的内容是这位妈妈告诉我们的，所以此处表示她让我了解。A. suggested暗示，建议；B. informed使了解，通知；C. persuaded说服；D. confirmed确认。故选B.‎ ‎49. 考查动词辨析。句意：因为她没料到会错过这次航班，所以她不得不把大部分的补给和钱都用在了自己和她的孩子身上。A. remembered记得；B. regretted后悔；C. managed管理；D. expected期望。既然她都没有这些预备品，所以推知她没有预料到会错过航班。故选D.‎ ‎50. 考查动词辨析。句意：因为她没料到会错过这次航班，所以她不得不把大部分的补给和钱都用在了自己和她的孩子身上。根据语境可知，她被迫这样做。A. warned警告；B. forced强迫；C. able能够；D. likely可能的。故选B.‎ ‎51. 考查名词辨析。句意：因为她没料到会错过这次航班，所以她不得不把大部分的物品和钱都用在了自己和她的孩子身上。A. wealth财富；B. supplies物资；C. food食物；D. souvenirs纪念品。根据上文提到她们很狼狈，可知她把身上带的东西都用在了孩子身上。故选B.‎ ‎52. 考查动词辨析。句意：因为她没料到会错过这次航班，所以她不得不把大部分的物品和钱都用在了自己和她的孩子身上。A. raise提高，举起；B. teach教；C. support支持；D. defeat战胜。根据她们的狼狈可知，此处用support表示支撑到现在。故选C.‎ ‎53. 考查副词辨析。句意：我立刻按下了乘务员的呼叫按钮，向其他空服人员寻求帮助。A. suddenly突然；B. actually实际上；C. immediately立即；D. generally通常。根据句意可知，作者看到她们的样子立刻帮助她们。故选C.‎ ‎54. 考查名词辨析。句意：我立刻按下了乘务员的呼叫按钮，向其他空服人员寻求帮助。A. assistance援助，帮助；B. advice建议；C. permission许可；D. understanding理解。根据下句描述可知，作者向其他空乘人员寻求帮助。故选A.‎ ‎55. 考查名词辨析。句意：他们从头等舱带了毛巾来帮助妈妈和婴儿清洁。A. airport机场；B. aid援助；C. number数字；D. class等级。first class表示头等舱。故选D.‎ ‎56. 考查副词辨析。句意：当她感谢我所做的一切时，她优雅地说:“你不是空服员，但你是天空天使。” A. elegantly优雅地；B. quickly快速地；C. eagerly渴望地；D. patiently耐心地。根据这位妈妈很感激作者，所以此处用elegantly表示这位妈妈言谈很讲究，也表示对作者的尊重。故选A.‎ ‎57. 考查动词辨析。句意：她继续说道，“抚摸着我的空姐翅膀，那些是你的天使翅膀。” A. repeated重复；B. explained解释；C. recalled召回；D. continued继续。上下句都是这位妈妈说的，所以此处用“继续”。故选D.‎ ‎59. 考查动词辨析。句意：每当我看到他们，我都会想起那个特别的日子，那个年轻的女人，她的儿子和她送给我的礼物。A. accused指控；B. approved批准；C. reminded提醒；D. complained抱怨。我一直记得这对母女。故选C.‎ ‎60. 考查名词辨析。句意：每当我看到他们，我都会想起那个特别的日子，那个年轻的女人，她的儿子和她送给我的礼物。A. scene情景；B. excuse借口；C. story故事；D. present礼物。根据语境可知，作者把这位妈妈给自己的赞扬当成礼物。故选D.‎ ‎【安徽省安庆一中、安师大附中2018届高三11月阶段性测试】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Two Candles Tom was a middle﹣aged leather trader whose repeated failure in career made him a depressed man，often___41___ that he had been cheated by others．One day he told his wife he was so___42___ with the city that he had to leave．‎ So his family moved to another city．It was the evening of a weekend．When Tom and his wife were busily___43___ up their new home，the light___44___ went out．They had to stop work．Tom was regretful to have forgotten to bring along candles and had to wait___45___ in a low mood．Just then he heard slight，hesitant___46___ on his door that sounded clear in the___47___ night．‎ ‎"Who's it？"he wondered，since Tom was a___48___ to this city．And this was the moment he especially hated to be___49___，so he went to the door and opened it ___50___．At the ‎ door was a little girl，shyly asking，"Sir，do you have candles？I'm your neighbor．""No，"answered Tom in anger and shut the door ___51___．"What a nuisance （讨厌鬼）!"He complained over it with his wife．"No sooner had we settled down than the neighbor came to ___52___ things．"‎ After a while，the door was knocked again．He opened it and found the same girl outside．___53___this time she was ___54___ two candles，saying，"My grandma told me the new neighbor downstairs might need candles．She ___55___ me here to give you these．"Tom was very___56___ by what he saw．When he became fully aware，he said，"Thank you and your grandmother．God bless you!"‎ At that moment he suddenly realized what caused his ___57___ in life．It was his ___58___ and harshness （刻薄） with other people．The person who had cheated him in life was ___59___ nobody else but himself，for his life had been darkened by his unsympathetic ___60___．‎ ‎41. A. complaining B. telling C. hoping D. pretending ‎42. A. inspired B. disappointed C. embarrassed D. impressed ‎43. A. building B. turning C. coming D. tidying ‎44. A. horribly B. accidentally C. suddenly D. slowly ‎45. A. anxiously B. doubtfully C. hopefully D. helplessly ‎46. A. steps B. words C. knocks D. noises ‎47. A. dark B. quiet C. cold D. sleepless ‎48. A. newcomer B. traveller C. guest D. settler ‎49. A. called B. disturbed C. watched D. offered ‎50. A. surprisingly B. delightedly C. impatiently D. willingly ‎51. A. gently B. kindly C. politely D. violently ‎52. A. lend B. sell C. fetch D. borrow ‎53. A. And B. But C. So D. For ‎54. A. holding B. hiding C. blowing D. lighting ‎55. A. advised B. encouraged C. sent D. forced ‎56. A. frightened B. pleased C. puzzled D. Surprised ‎57. A. failure B. dissatisfaction C. complaint D. determination ‎58. A. responsibility B. coldness C. apology D. concept ‎59. A. doubtfully B. hardly C. actually D. finally ‎60. A. mind B. opinion C. behavior D. look ‎【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. A ‎【解析】文章通过一个小故事告诉我们对待这个社会要热情积极，不要冷漠刻薄的看待事物，那样会让自己失败。‎ ‎42. B 考查形容词。由that he had been cheated by others．可知他对于这个城市非常失望。inspired 有灵感的， disappointed 失望的， embarrassed 尴尬的，impressed印象深刻的。‎ ‎43. D考查固定短语。他们正在忙于整理自己的新家。tidy up收拾整理，是固定短语。‎ ‎44. C考查副词。灯突然熄灭了。horribly 可怕地， accidentally 偶然地， suddenly 突然地， slowly慢慢地。‎ ‎45. D考查副词。根据上下文可知电灯熄灭了，家里又没有蜡烛，他们只能无助地等待电的重新到来。anxiously 忧虑地， doubtfully 怀疑地， hopefully 有希望地， helplessly无助地。‎ ‎46. C 考查固定短语。由on his door that sounded clear in the___7___ night．可知有人轻微地敲门。Knock on敲门，是固定用法。‎ ‎47. B考查形容词。根据下文可知是邻居敲门送蜡烛，那么应该是有敲门声，那敲门声在安静的晚上特别清楚。dark 黑暗的， quiet 安静的， cold 寒冷的， sleepless失眠的。‎ ‎48. A考查名词。他们一家是第一天来到这里，自然是newcomer。 newcomer 新来的人， traveller 旅行者，guest 客人，settler移居者。‎ ‎49. B考查动词。他特别讨厌被打扰。called 打电话， disturbed 打扰，watched 观看，offered提供。‎ ‎50. C 考查副词。由And this was the moment he especially hated to be___9___，可知他不耐烦地打开门。surprisingly 出人意料地， delightedly 高兴地， impatiently 不耐烦地，willingly乐意地。‎ ‎51. D考查副词。由"What a nuisance （讨厌鬼）!"He complained over it with his wife．"可知他猛烈地关上门。gently 温柔地，kindly 亲切地， politely 礼貌地， violently猛烈地。‎ ‎52. D考查动词。还没等我们安定下来，邻居就来借东西。lend 把……借给， sell 销售， fetch 取来， borrow借东西。‎ ‎53. B考查连词。但是这次，她手里握着两根蜡烛。And 并且， But 但是， So 所以，For因为。‎ ‎54. A考查动词。但是这次，她手里握着两根蜡烛。holding 握着， hiding 隐藏， blowing 吹， lighting点燃。‎ ‎55. C考查动词。根据句意可知奶奶派小女孩送蜡烛来的。advised 建议， encouraged 鼓励，sent 送， forced强迫。‎ ‎58. B考查名词。正是他自己对其他人的的冷酷和刻薄。responsibility 责任，coldness 冷酷，apology 道歉，concept观念。‎ ‎59. C考查副词。事实上，在生活中欺骗他的人不是别人，正是他自己。doubtfully 怀疑地， hardly 几乎不， actually 事实上， finally最后。‎ ‎60. A考查名词。他的生活被他无情的思想弄得很黑暗。mind 思想， opinion 观点， behavior 行为， look看。‎ ‎【山西省大同市第一中学2018届高三11月月考】阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A woman professor walked around in a classroom while she was teaching stress management to her students. As she___41___a glass of water, everyone ___42___they would be asked the “half-empty or half-full” question.‎ ‎___43___, with a smile on her face, she asked, “How ___44___is this glass of water?”‎ Answers called out ___45___from eight to twenty ounces(盎司).‎ She quieted the students down and then replied, “The absolute weight doesn’t ___46___. It all depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it’s not a ___47___. If I hold it for an hour, I’ll have an ache in my ___48___. If I hold it for a day, my arm will ‎ feel ___49___and paralyzed. In each case, the ___50___of the glass of water doesn’t change, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes. Do you know why?”‎ All the students kept silent and listened carefully, lost in thought.‎ She continued, “Our ___51___and worries in life are like that glass of water. Think about them for a while and ___52___happens. Think about them a bit longer and they begin to ___53___. And if you think about them all day long, you will feel paralyzed— ___54___to do anything.”‎ It’s important to remember to ___55___your stresses. As early in the evening as possible, put all your ___56___down. Don’t carry them through the evening and into the night. Remember to put the glass down!‎ More often than not life gets terrible ___57___we think too much. And the moment you remove your burden, you’ll find yourself feeling so much more ___58___.‎ So rather than moping around(闲逛）and feeling sorry for yourself, ___59___doing something about it. After all, life is too short to ___60___yourself to anything that’s not making you happy.‎ ‎41. A. drank B. served C. raised D. demanded ‎42. A. argued B. wondered C. expected D. agreed ‎43. A. Meanwhile B. Therefore C. Anyhow D. Instead ‎44. A. much B. full C. little D. heavy ‎45. A. ranged B. replied C. read D. remained ‎46. A. affect B. drop C. matter D. work ‎47. A. success B. point C. skill D. problem ‎48. A. hand B. arm C. neck D. back ‎49. A. steady B. sensitive C. nervous D. numb ‎50. A. weight B. shape C. function D. size ‎51. A. surprises B. joys C. stresses D. doubts ‎52. A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something ‎53. A. improve B. hurt C. change D. adjust ‎54. A. uncertain B. afraid C. unable D. available ‎55. A. catch up with B. take charge of C. put up with D. let go of ‎56. A. burdens B. thoughts C. hardships D. feelings ‎57. A. when B. till C. unless D. though ‎58. A. excited B. worried C. satisfied D. relaxed ‎59. A. keep B. finish C. start D. risk ‎60. A. help B. commit C. throw D. abandon ‎【答案】41. C 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. C 52. B 53. B 54. C 55. D 56. A 57. A 58. D 59. C 60. D ‎【解析】一位女教授在教学时通过一杯水的重量向学生们介绍了一种有效的处理压力的方法---忘记那些压力。‎ ‎42. 考查动词。句意：每个学生都期望教授问的问题是杯子是半空的还是半满的。A. argued 争论； B. wondered 好奇； C. expected 期望； D. agreed同意。教授举起一杯水，接下来应该是要问学生问题，所以每个人都期望教授问的问题是杯子是半空的还是半满的。expect“期望”。故选C。‎ ‎43. 考查副词。句意：相反，教授面带微笑，问道：“这杯水有多重？A. Meanwhile 与此同时； B. Therefore 因此。 C. Anyhow 不管怎样。 D. Instead 相反。前面说到学生们本来以为老师会问的问题是这杯子是半空还是半满的，结果教师问了另一个问题。”instead“相反”。故选D。‎ ‎44. 考查形容词。句意：这杯子水有多重？A. much 许多； B. full 满的； C. little 少的； D. heavy 重的。根据下面学生的回答和下文中的weight可知，此处问的是重量，故选heavy。故选D。‎ ‎45. 考查动词。句意：学生们七嘴八舌的说多重，答案范围从8到20盎司。A. ranged 范围是； B. replied 回复； C. read 阅读； D. remained 保留。答案范围从8到20盎司。range from…to…“从……到……变化”。故选A。‎ ‎46. 考查动词。句意：教授说这杯水具体的重量不重要。A. affect 影响； B. drop 掉下； C. matter 重要； D. work 工作。根据It all depends on how long I hold it要看你拿杯子的时间，它的绝对重量并不重要。matter“重要”。故选C。‎ ‎47. 考查名词。句意：如果只拿一分钟，就不是问题。。A. success 成功； B. point 点； C. skill 技能； D. problem 问题。根据常识判断，很短时间内举杯子不会累，没有problem“问题”。故选D。‎ ‎48. 考查名词。句意：如果拿一小时，胳膊就会疼。。A. hand 手； B. arm 胳膊； C. neck 脖子； D. back 后背。如果拿杯子一小时，胳膊当然就会疼。arm“胳膊”。故选B。‎ ‎49. 考查形容词。句意：如果拿一天，胳膊就会麻木，失去知觉。A. steady 平稳的； B. sensitive 敏感的； C. nervous 紧张的； D. numb麻木的。拿杯子时间太久，胳膊就会麻木，失去知觉。numb“麻木的，失去知觉的”。故选D。‎ ‎50. 考查名词。句意：在每一种情况中，这杯水的重量没有改变。A. weight 重量； B. shape 形状； C. function 功能； D. size 尺寸。这里重点在说，这杯水的重量没有改变。weight“重量”。故选A。‎ ‎51. 考查名词。句意：我们生活中的压力和担忧就像这杯水。A. surprises 吃惊； B. joys 开心； C. stresses 压力； D. doubts 怀疑。由下面的worries可知，此处应该填与worries类似的表示不好方面的名词， stress“压力”。故选C。‎ ‎52. 考查不定代词。句意：只是考虑一会儿这些压力和担忧，没什么事情发生。A. everything 一切； B. nothing 没有事情； C. anything 任何事情； D. something 一些事情。就像举杯子只考虑担忧一会儿，没什么。nothing“没有事情”。故选B。‎ ‎53. 考查动词。句意：考虑压力和担忧更久，他们开始令人心疼。A. improve 提高； B. hurt 伤害、疼痛； C. change 改变； D. adjust 调整。考虑时间越久，压力和担忧就越是令人心疼。hurt“使受伤，使伤心”。故选B。‎ ‎55. 考查动词短语。句意：释放你的压力很重要。A. catch up with 追上； B. take charge of 负责； C. put up with 忍受； D. let go of释放。根据Remember to put the glass down!得知这里建议你释放压力。let go of“放手，释放”。故选D。‎ ‎56. 考查名词。句意：把你所有的负担都放下。A. burdens 负担； B. thoughts 相法； C. hardships 困难； D. feelings 感觉。此处表示建议不要让负担过夜，要把你所有的负担都放下。burden“负担”。故选A。‎ ‎57. 考查连词。句意：往往是当我们想的太多时，生活就变得可怕。A. when 当时； B. till 直到…； C. unless 除非； D. though尽管。这里是说在我们想的太多时，生活才变得可怕。when“当……时候”。故选A。‎ ‎58. 考查形容词。句意：当你去掉负担，你会发现你感觉非常的放松。A. excited 兴奋的； B.‎ ‎ worried 担心的； C. satisfied 满意的； D. relaxed 轻松的。根据常识得知卸掉负担，感觉会放松些。relaxed“放松的”。故选D。‎ ‎59. 考查动词。句意：不要闲逛和为自己感到难过，要开始做些事情。A. keep 保持； B. finish 完成； C. start 开始； D. risk 冒险。闲逛和为自己感到难过都是止步不前的表现，要开始做些事情。start“开始”。故选C。‎ ‎60. 考查动词。句意：毕竟生命太短，不要让自己陷入不能让你开心的事情。A. help 帮助； B. commit 犯下； C. throw 扔掉； D. abandon抛弃。固定短语abandon oneself to“沉溺于，使自己陷入”。建议我们不要沉溺于不开心的事情。故选D。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎