2020届二轮复习阅读理解课件（共42张PPT）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解课件（共42张PPT）

1 、细节理解题 (details) 2 、推理判断题 (inference) 3 、词义猜测题 (paraphrase) 4 、观点态度题 (attitude) 5 、主旨归纳题 (theme) Reading Comprehension 正确答案的特征 1. 正确答案一般不能有绝对化语言 ( eg : never, all, always…) 注意 ： Not all = All … not ２ . 正确答案往往具有合理性，即符合生活常识 , ( 但符合生活常识的不一定是正确答案 ) 3. 正确答案一般有 some,many,can,may,might,will 等表示不确定的词 1. 细节题 正确答案的特点： 与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。 干扰选项的特点： 1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符； 2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容； 3. 与原文情节极为相似，但是在程度上 有些变动； 4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确， 部分错误 ； 5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 细节理解题的解题方法 : １ . 细读题干，找出 题干关键词 ２ . 从 文章中 找到题干 关键词或近义词 ，正确答案的依据就在题干关键词的后面 3. 如果题干关键词在 1 ）破折号后 2 ）例子中 3 ）在段尾 那么正确答案的依据一般在关键词之前 2. 判断、推断题 判断推理的题目中常含有 infer; imply; conclude; learn 等词汇。 干扰项的特点： 1. 是文章中的 已知 信息； 2. 不符合事实、不合逻辑的判断推理结果。 解题方法： 判断推理要以文中 事实为依据 , 杜绝仅凭个人的主观臆断来判断 不能将文中已经阐明的事实作为自己的推断 例如： To date, more than 400,000 people have set in applications, more than 270,000 of them from Beijing. We can infer that ___ many Chinese applicants can speak English most applicants are Beijing natives at present most of the applicants are from Beijing D. the applicants must pass the driving test C 3. 猜测词义题 词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容进行。如果该段落比较短，信息量不足，那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜词义的重要依据。具体方法为： 1). 猜测名词含义，要注意相关段落中名词的含义。例如 : However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hour-glasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces , stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past. What does the “stately homes” refer to ___? state-owned houses houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularly C 2). 猜测动词或动词短语的含义，要注意相关段落中动词的含义。 Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents’ home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend... I took off , but had gone only a few miles whenblack smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. The words “took off” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean “_____”. turned off B. moved off C. put up D. set up B When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area? I wanted to know. The underlined phrase “turn his back on” most probably means ___ A. leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on C 3). 猜测形容词的含义，要注意相关段落 对相关信息的描述 。例如： A small town in southwest Britain is banning plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut waste － a step that environmentalists believe is a first for Europe. Shopkeepers in Modbury agree to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead. The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means __. A. acceptable B. valuable C. throw-away D. long-lasting C Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong wind would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. People’s food supplies were similarly vulnerable . Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests. The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 means ____ A. impossible to make sure of B. likely to be protected C. easy to damage D. difficult to find C 4). 猜测句意 　正确答案的特点： 1. 与原句含义相同，但表达手法不同； 2. 是原句意思的高度概括。 干扰项也有一些特点： 1. 干扰项往往是片面的 , 不能涵盖原句的全部意思 2. 干扰项中的某个成分 , 如时间、地点等与原句存在出入； 3. 干扰项与原句意思完全不符。 被猜测句子的特点： 往往是上文语境的结果或结论。 例如： We couldn’t afford all the necessary medication for him, and because Dad was unable to work, I had no money for school supplies and often couldn’t even buy food for dinner. I would sit in class feeling completely lost, the teacher’s words muffled as I tried to figure out how I was going to manage . What can we learn from the underlined sentence? A. Kerrel couldn’t understand her teacher. B. Kerrel had special difficulty in hearing. C. Kerrel was too troubled to focus on the lesson. D. Kerrel was too tired to hear their teacher’s words. C 4. 揣摩作者态度、意图 正确答案的特点： 1. 原文中所表露的态度或意图的同义、近义句； 2. 原文中所表露的态度或意图的升华； 3. 原文中所表露的态度或意图的概括。 其干扰项的特点为： 1. 是作者在文章中所批驳的观点； 2. 是文章提到的某个细节 , 但并非作者的态度或意图； 3. 是文章中根本未提及的内容。 I recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, midlife for an elephant, and ancient for a sportsman. Fifty is a nice number for the states in the US or for a national speed limit, but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me. Fifty is supposed to be my father’s age , but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means. The author seems to tell us in Paragraph 1 that ___. time alone will tell B. time goes by quickly C. time will show what is right D. time makes one forget the past B Increasingly, Americans are becoming their own doctors by going online to diagnose their symptoms, order home health tests or medical device, or even self-treat their illnesses with drugs from Internet pharmacies( 药店 ). Some avoid doctors because ... Or they may stay away because... But playing doctor can be a deadly game…The problem is most people don’t know the safe way to surf on the web… Which is the author’s main argument? ___ It’s cheap to self-treat your own illness. It’s embarrassing to discuss your bad habit. It’s reasonable to put up a medical website. It’s dangerous to be your own doctor. D 5. 主旨归纳题 概括总结全文中心，确定主题、标题、写作目的等 . 策略： 1) 抓住主题句 , 常位于文章开头或结尾 . 也可能分散于各段中心句 2) 抓住文章逻辑线索 , 理清脉络 . 常见文章组织形式有举例、比较、分类、归纳等 3) 结合文章体裁 , 明确思考方向 4) 体会作者意图、感情 , 厘清褒贬 确定最佳标题三个原则： 1. 对文章内容能高度概括； 2. 用词精炼； 3. 在上述两个特点都具备的 前提 下 , 标题还应能吸引读者注意力。 Sports shoes that work out whether their owner has enough exercise to warrant time in front of the television have been devised in the UK. The shoes --- named Square Eyes --- contain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer chip to record how many steps the wearer has taken in a day. A wireless transmitter passes the information to a receiver connected to a television, and this decides how much evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the day’s efforts. Which of the following would be the best title? A ． Smart Shoes Decide on Television Time B ． Smart Shoes Guarantee More Exercise C ． Smart Shoes Measure Time of Exercise D ． Smart Shoes Stop Childhood Overweight A It is often necessary to release a fish because it is too small, or you just don’t want to take it home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch-and-release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive to bite again another day. What is the purpose of the text? A .To show how to enjoy fishing. B .To persuade people to fish less often. C .To encourage people to set fish free. D. To give advice on how to release fish. D Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhound are good at fast races but not long-distances running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a shot burst and then get back on bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children … The text is written mainly __. A. to tell people how to raise greyhounds B. to let people know more about greyhounds C. to explain why greyhounds are aggressive D. to describe greyhounds of different colors B As skies filled with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal wonder appears to be strange: The fatter the bird, the better it flies. The result of their study led to a theory opposite to a central one of aerodynamics ( 空气动力学 ), which says the power needed to fly increases with weight. The best title for the passage may probably be ___. Birds thin down for journey Birds fatter up for journey How birds up fat for journey How birds burn energy for journey B November not only marks the publication of Toni Morrison’s eagerly anticipated ( 期待 ) eighth novel , Love, but is also the tenth anniversary of her Nobel Prize for literature… Like Songs of Solomon, Love is a ... story, revealing the personal and communal of … The emotional center of Love is Bill Cosey , the former owner and host of ... The latest novel, Love, had been … What would be the best title for the text? Toni Morrison’s latest novels Toni Morrison and her trilogy Toni Morrison and her novel Love Toni Morrison , the Nobel prize winner C 阅读理解“通病” (4 点 ) 1. 概念扩大或缩小化。概念扩大或 缩小化是指在选择理解题时把在概 念范围上比原文概念要大的或小的 选项作为正确答案。 例如： He brought many medical supplies with him. He had to be very careful on his long journey to the north because he had to go through Guomindang territory. ( 误 ) On the way to the north, he brought all medical supplies. ( 误 ) He brought few of the medical supplies with him on the way to the north. 2. 概念人为化。概念人为化是指在做阅读理解题时，将自己对某件事的想法、体验等作为正确答案。 例如： One of the places of interest in Beijing is the Summer Palace. Cixi had it built in 1888. A small lake called Kunming is part of this beautiful palace. Even today, thousands of people come to the Summer Palace to enjoy the peaceful surroundings and scenery. Why do people like to go to the Summer Palace? （误） To appreciate important art works. 3. 概念直白化。在阅读理解中有一类题目需要我们推断，即 infer 。这类题目的错误率很高。概念直白化是指将需要推断的题目错选为文章内讲述得明明白白、完全不需要推断的选项。 4. 概念僵硬化。概念僵硬化是指将与原文文字最靠近的选项简单机械地视为正确答案。 Techniques and Skills 1 、正向法：速读文章，找主题句或自己概括主题，从选项中找出最符合的。 2 、逆向法：假设题目中的选项为标题，其写法是否与所给文章一致。 3 、统计法：有些段落文章有多个句子段落，各句段主题可能完全不同，此时应选择涉及最多的选项。 1 Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? (1.5 分钟 ) Smoking can cause cancer. Smoking is a terrible killer. Smoking is harmful to our health. An experiment on smoking. 2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. (1 分钟 ) What is the main idea of the passage? Professional criminals look more innocent than others. Don’t judge others by their appearance. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. 3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only $79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs $395. This sales method is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. (2.5 分钟 ) The paragraph could be entitled _________. A. Buying A TV Set B. A Selling Method C. Buyer Be ware D. TV Set on Sale (detail) (detail) (detail) (Point) 4 A couple of years ago, I took the family on a winter vacation to New York city to experience the holiday atmosphere. The longest lines that week weren’t in the hall of the Empire State building, at the Statue of Liberty Ferry or any of the Big Apple’s other landmarks, but in the square at Fifth avenue and 58 Street, where people crowded into FAO Schwarz (a toy store). The author wants to tell us _______ in this paragraph. A. the distribution of people B. the poor traffic conditions C. the popularity of a toy store D. the nice holiday atmosphere Types of Paragraph Structures Types The position of the topic Information words At the beginning At the end In the middle No clear topic sentence for example…… so, therefore,…… LAST TIP Put yourself in the writer’s shoes!