专题09 名词性从句（命题猜想）-2019年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题 （解析版）

专题09 名词性从句（命题猜想）-2019年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题 （解析版）

‎【考向解读】 ‎ 名词性从句是高考的必考点，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。单项填空题对名词性从句的考查集中在引导词上，其中连接代词that与what，if与whether是考查的重 点。解决名词性从句的问题的关键是：‎ 一、通过从句的位置 辨别从句的类型；‎ 二、分析从句，看看从句中所缺少的句子 成分和句意，最终确定选用合适的连接词。 ‎ ‎【命题热点突破一】 主语从句 ‎ ‎1．引导主语从句的连接词：连词that，whether等；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。 ‎ ‎2．主语从句一般放在句首，但常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型有： ‎ ‎(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 ‎ ‎(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 ‎ ‎(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 ‎ ‎(4)It＋不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matter等)＋that从句 例1．(2017·江苏卷) ________is known to us all is that Want Meng got three golden medals in Vancouver Winter Olympics.‎ ‎【解析】考查主语从句。what在主语从句中作is的主语。‎ ‎【答案】What ‎【举一反三】(2017·北京卷) ________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.‎ ‎【答案】What ‎【变式探究】Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.‎ A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“________ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。‎ ‎【易混辨析】 that与what引导名词性从句的区别 ‎ that在名词性从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，意思 是“什么，……的事情，什么样的”。that引导宾语从句有 时可以省略，引导其他名词性从句一般不省略，what引导名词性从句都不能省略。 ‎ What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. ‎ 让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。(what在从句中作主语) ‎ It’s good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.‎ 得知我们离开时狗会得到很好的照顾真好。(that在从句中不作成分) ‎ ‎【变式探究】 ‎ ‎— I will go to the party if I don’t have to dress up. ‎ ‎—Well，actually，it doesn’t matter________you’re dressed. ‎ A．what B．whether ‎ C．how D．when ‎ 答案：C ‎【命题热点突破二】 宾语从句 ‎ ‎1．引导宾语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，if；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等;连接副词when，where，why，how，从句用陈述语序。 ‎ ‎2．宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放 到形式宾 语 或宾补之后。 ‎ ‎(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/宾语从句 ‎ ‎(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate＋it＋宾语从句 ‎ ‎(3)动词短语see to/depend on/insist on＋it＋宾语从句 ‎ ‎(4)固定搭配bring it to one’s attention/take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋宾语从句 ‎ ‎3．一般情况下介词后只能用wh－类连接词引导宾语从句. 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,必须用it作形式宾语. ‎ ‎4．在doubt引导的宾语从句中，若主句为肯定句，宾语 从 句的连接词用whether/if，若主句为否定句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词用that。 ‎ ‎5．宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句在时态上保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具 体 情况选用合适的时态；而当主句为过去时时，从句须用相 应 的过去时。当从句的内容为真 理或 客观事 实时， 须 用一般 现 在时。 ‎ Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping ‎ only when it is necessary.专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购 ‎ 物，就会浪费较少的食物。 ‎ As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to ‎ choose whichever suits you best.提供了多达五门的课程，你 ‎ 可以任意选择最适合你的一门。 ‎ I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. ‎ 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。 ‎ We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。 ‎ I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every ‎ day.我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。 ‎ 例2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure ________is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. ‎ ‎【解析】考查宾语从句。根据句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。‎ ‎【答案】who ‎【变式探究】(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race. ‎ ‎【答案】whoever ‎【变式探究】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people. ____________‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。be afraid to do sth.“害怕做某事”为固定搭配，故that多余。‎ ‎【答案】去掉that ‎【变式探究】 (2017·天津卷) She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted ‎ that I hadn't.‎ A. when B. where ‎ C. whether D. what ‎【答案】C　‎ ‎ 【解析】考查宾语从句。由“I admitted that I hadn't”可知书还没有还给图书馆，此处问是否已经还了，选C。句意：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认没还。‎ ‎【变式探究】We must find out ________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him. ‎ A．when B．how ‎ C．where D．why ‎ 解析：考查宾语从句引导词的选择。句意：我们必须查明卡尔________会来，这样我们就能为他预订房间了。预订房间当然与卡尔来的时间息息相关，因此应该选择A项。 ‎ 答案：A ‎【变式探究】It is the modern city set up in________was a wasteland ten years ago________attracts a lot of excellent people throughout China. ‎ A．what；which B．what；that ‎ C．which；that D．where；that ‎ 答案：B ‎【命题热点突破三】 表语从句 ‎ ‎1．引导表语从句的连接词：连词that，whether，as if/though；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever， ‎ whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why， how，从句用陈述语序。 ‎ ‎2．as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常 跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 ‎ ‎3．This/That/It is why＋从句(表结果)　“这/那就是……的 原因” ‎ This/That/It is because＋从句(表原因)　“这/那是因为……” ‎ The reason why...is that＋从句　“……的原因是……” ‎ The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.‎ 对这位足球明星来说，最好的时刻就是他踢进制胜球的那一刻。 ‎ From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.‎ 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。 ‎ I’d like to start my own business—that’s what I’d do if I had the money. ‎ 我想自己做生意——那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。 ‎ The reason why he didn’t pass the exam was that he was too careless.‎ 他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。 ‎ He was ill.That’s why he was absent. ‎ 他病了，那就是他缺席的原因。 ‎ It sounds as if you are from the south of the United States.‎ 听起来你好像来自美国南部。 ‎ 例3．(2018·北京卷)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. ‎ ‎【答案】what ‎【变式探究】(2018·江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get there, which is ________ we arrived. ‎ ‎【解析】考查表语从句。根据句中的By boat可知，此处应用how引导表语从句，表示到达这里的方式。‎ ‎【答案】how ‎【变式探究】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ A. what B. that C. whether D. why ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。‎ ‎【变式探究】‎ ‎—Lily is often absent from school. ‎ ‎—Yes，she is.That’s ________ she is in poor health. ‎ A．why B．the reason ‎ C．because D．how ‎ 答案：C ‎【命题热点突破四】同位语从句 ‎ ‎1．同位语从句通常用that引导，that无词义也不作成分， 但是不能省略，从句用陈述语序。同位语从句还可用whether,when，where，why，how等引导。 ‎ ‎2．接同位语从句的常见名词：fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等。 ‎ ‎3．分隔式同位语从句。有时同位语从句的谓语较短，而从句内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。 ‎ I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different. ‎ 我给自己做出承诺：今年，是我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。 ‎ I have no idea where the journalist could have got his information from. ‎ 我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的消息。 ‎ When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army. ‎ 当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。 ‎ 例4．The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ ‎ A. whether B. that C. which D. what ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用。故选B。‎ ‎【特别提醒】that 引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别： ‎ that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。 ‎ ‎【变式探究】It came as a great surprise to the public________some state leaders’ cellphones might have been monitored by America’s National Security Agency. ‎ A．that B．whether ‎ C．what D．which ‎ 答案：A ‎【高考真题解读】‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure ________is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. ‎ ‎【解析】考查宾语从句。根据句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。‎ ‎【答案】who ‎2．(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race. ‎ ‎【解析】考查宾语从句。根据句意：金牌将颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的选手。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语指人，同时根据句意可知，应用whoever“……的任何人，无论谁”引导这个宾语从句。‎ ‎【答案】whoever ‎3.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid that to speak in front of a large group of people. ____________‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。be afraid to do sth.“害怕做某事”为固定搭配，故that多余。‎ ‎【答案】去掉that ‎4．(2018·北京卷)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. ‎ ‎【解析】考查表语从句。根据句意：这是我父亲教我的——总是面对困难，并抱最大的希望。根据语境可知，此处用what引导表语从句。句中的to always face difficulties and hope for the best是what指代的内容。‎ ‎【答案】what ‎5．(2018·江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get there, which is ________ we arrived. ‎ ‎【解析】考查表语从句。根据句中的By boat可知，此处应用how引导表语从句，表示到达这里的方式。‎ ‎【答案】how ‎1.(2017·江苏卷) ________is known to us all is that Want Meng got three golden medals in Vancouver Winter Olympics.‎ ‎【解析】考查主语从句。what在主语从句中作is的主语。‎ ‎【答案】What ‎2.(2017·北京卷) ________I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.‎ ‎【答案】What ‎3.（2017·北京卷） Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.‎ A. whatever B. whoever ‎ C. whomever D. whichever ‎【答案】B　‎ ‎【解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，________ makes the most beautiful kite作主语，且所填词指人，既作从句的主语又作主句的主语，所以选 whoever(whomever不能作主语)。句意：每年， 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。‎ ‎【2016·北京】Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.‎ A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“________ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。‎ ‎【2016·北京】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.‎ A. what B. that C. whether D. why ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。‎ ‎【2016·江苏】It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.‎ A. why B. what C. as D. that ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。此句中It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。故D项正确。‎ ‎【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.‎ ‎ A. whether B. that C. which D. what ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎1.(2015·江苏，25) Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.‎ ‎【解析】句意：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。从句where Li Bai was born作该句子的主语。‎ ‎【答案】Where ‎2.(2015·湖南，26)You have to know you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线，你必须首先知道你想要去哪？where引导宾语从句，在从句中用作地点状语。‎ ‎【答案】where ‎3.(2015·北京，33)I truly believe beauty comes from within.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故用that。‎ ‎【答案】that ‎4.(2015·北京，35) we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。分析句子结构可知“ what we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知要用how。‎ ‎【答案】How ‎5.(2015·浙江，6)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.‎ ‎【解析】句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。根据后面rocks and branches可知，此处要用what来引导。‎ ‎【答案】what ‎6.(2015·重庆，8)We must find out Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.‎ ‎【解析】句意：我们必须知道他什么时候来，以便我们能给他预定房间。根据后面的so we can book a room for him可知这里指时间，故用when引导。‎ ‎【答案】when ‎7.(2015·陕西，19)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.‎ ‎【答案】what ‎8.(2015·四川，8)The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.‎ ‎【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，根据意义为why。‎ ‎【答案】why ‎9.(2015·安徽，25)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ships are built for.‎ ‎【解析】句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语从句。isn't后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。What在句中既作连接词又作从句的中for的宾语。‎ ‎【答案】what ‎10.(2015·福建，29)—I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years.‎ ‎—By working out every day.‎ ‎【解析】句意：——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持了那么好的身材。——通过每天锻炼。考查宾语从句的连接词。根据回答by doing可知是问的方式。‎ ‎【答案】how