云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重冠词

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重冠词

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重冠词 高考语法填空：2018高考英语语法填空及答案：侧重代词和数词 冠词 1） 冠词的泛指与特指 ‎1．表泛指(指一类人或事物中的任何一个，而不具体指哪一个)，用不定冠词；‎ ‎2．表特指(特指某人、某事、某物，指上文中提到的或正在谈论的人或物，或者是谈话双方都知道的人或事物)，用定冠词。请比较：‎ I have a computer. The computer is a great help to my studies.‎ ‎(a computer属于泛指，the computer属于特指，指的是上文提到的事物)‎ He is a doctor.(a doctor属于泛指，指的是医生中的一个)‎ A nurse is a person who takes care of the sick.(尽管person后有一个限制性定语从句，但结合句义可知，此处是说明护士属于哪一类人，属于类指，因此用不定冠词)‎ 2） 比较级和最高级前冠词的选择 ‎“a/an＋比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比……更……的一个”，属于泛指；“the＋比较级”表示“两者中较……的一个”。“the＋最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的一个”；“a most＋形容词”表示“很……，非常……”。请比较：‎ This one is too small. Can you show me a larger one?‎ Tom is the older of the two boys.‎ Part One is a most difficult part but not the most difficult. ‎ 第一部分是非常难的一部分，但不是最难的。‎ ‎【特别警示】‎ 只有相比较的人或事物为两个时，才能用“the＋比较级”。‎ ‎【易错辨析】‎ ‎“a most＋形容词”不含比较概念，most相当于very；而“the most＋形容词”表示“最……”，句中必须有比较的范围。‎ 3） 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前冠词的使用 表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词，如：sun, sky, moon, world等前面一般用定冠词，但其前有描绘性的修饰语时，用不定冠词。请比较：‎ As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.‎ What a bright moon!‎ 1） 物质名词和抽象名词前冠词的使用 ‎1．物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词，表示泛指时前面一般不用冠词；但物质名词表示特指时，用定冠词。‎ 请比较：‎ Man will die without water.(water表示泛指)‎ The water in this well is not fit to drink.(“The water”特指这口井里的水)‎ I know you don't like music very much. But what do you think of the music in the film we saw yesterday?‎ ‎(第一个music表泛指的“音乐”，不用冠词。第二个music指这部电影中的音乐，表示特指，要用定冠词the)‎ The door is made of wood.(wood表示泛指)‎ The wood outside was all wet. ‎ 外面的那些木头都湿了。(wood表示特指)‎ ‎2．抽象名词属于不可数名词，前面一般不用冠词；但用来表示具体的人或事时，其前用不定冠词。‎ The little boy looked at me in surprise.(surprise在本句中是抽象名词)‎ What a pleasant surprise to see you here！(抽象名词具体化，a surprise指一件令人惊奇的事情)‎ ‎【易错探究】‎ 某些物质名词，如rain, snow, fog, wind, tea, coffee等，其前有形容词修饰时，形容词前应加不定冠词。如：‎ What a heavy rain!‎ Longjing is a famous Chinese green tea.‎ 抽象名词表示抽象意义，不用冠词；表示具体事物，用不定冠词。‎ 2） 专有名词以及表示季节、星期、三餐的名词前冠词的使用 ‎1．专有名词前一般不加冠词，但是以下情况需要用冠词：‎ ‎(1)由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。‎ 请比较：‎ China, Smith, Bob(不用冠词)‎ the Great Wall长城 the United States美国 ‎(2)表示“一个名叫……的人”时，用不定冠词。‎ A Mr. Smith is waiting for you outside.‎ 有位史密斯先生在外面等你。(这里的a表示“某一”)‎ ‎2．表示季节、星期的名词前一般不加冠词，如：in summer, on Monday，但是以下情况应用冠词：‎ ‎(1)表示季节的名词前有描绘性的形容词时，应加不定冠词；有限制性的定语时(即表示某一年的某个季节时)，应加定冠词。‎ He joined the army in the spring of 1987.‎ We had a very hot summer last year.‎ I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii.‎ ‎(2)表示“某一个星期几”时，用不定冠词。‎ I happened to meet my classmate Jack on a Wednesday.‎ ‎3．表示一日三餐的名词前一般不加冠词，但其前面有描绘性的修饰语时，应加不定冠词。请比较：‎ ‎—Have you had supper?‎ ‎—Yes. We had a wonderful supper.‎ 注意：‎ 在一些短语中，用与不用冠词意义差别很大：‎ in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里 in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在…… (内部的)前面 at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁 out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能 补充：‎ 常见不用冠词的表达：‎ go by train乘火车去 at noon在中午 at night在晚上 in town在城里 in surprise惊奇地 at work在工作 1） 序数词前冠词的使用 表示顺序“第几”时用“the＋序数词”；表示“又一，再一”时用“不定冠词＋序数词”。‎ We have finished the first lesson, and now we will learn the second lesson. ‎ 我们已经学完了第一课，现在我们学习第二课。 ‎ I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. ‎ 我已经有三本书了，我想再买一本。‎ ‎ ‎ 高考语法填空选练题 ‎【2018高考选练】语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ It was already late when we started for the next town, which, according to the map，was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hill. There we felt sure that we would find a bed for the night. Soon __1__ (dark) fell after we left the village，but luckily we met no one as we drove fast along the narrow road __2__ (lead) to the hill. As our car climbed __3__(high), it became colder and the rain began to fall, making __4__ difficult to see the road.‎ After we had traveled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was __5__(poor) marked on the map. We were beginning to get anxious when the car suddenly stopped. A quick __6__ (examine) showed that we had used up the ‎ gas. Although we had little food __7__ (leave), we decided to spend the night in the car.‎ With our meals finished, I tried to go to sleep at once, but John, who was a poor sleeper, got out of the car after a few minutes __8__ went for a walk up the hill.Soon he found, in the valley below, the lights of the town __9__ we were looking for. We at once pushed the car __10__ the top of the hill. In less than a quarter of an hour, we were in the town. ‎ 解析：‎ ‎1．darkness　考查名词。夜幕降临了，fell为谓语动词，用名词作主语。故填darkness。‎ ‎2．leading　考查非谓语动词。road为被修饰词，与lead为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。‎ ‎3．higher　考查形容词。根据句意，爬得越高，天气越冷。‎ ‎4．it　考查代词。it作形式宾语，to see the road作真正的宾语。‎ ‎5．poorly　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。‎ ‎6．examination　考查名词。a为不定冠词，quick为形容词，因此用名词作主语，故填examination。‎ ‎7．left　考查非谓语动词。left作后置定语。‎ ‎8．and　考查连词。and连接got out of the car和went for a walk up the hill。‎ ‎9．that/which　考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，可以省略。‎ ‎10．to　考查介词。pushed the car to the top of the hill把车推到山顶。‎ 语法填空。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。‎ 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎　　Every day has the potential to be a good and, in some cases, a great day for you. Few of us get up in the morning　1　(think)that we want this to be a bad day. Yet in many cases the day turns that way because of a person or an event　2　we worry about. ‎ ‎　　Think about those small events which can throw you off balance and affect your whole day　3　(negative). Who stole your day? Was　4　a boss, an unruly child, an erratic driver on the way to work, getting　5　“F”on a history paper, 　6　an impolite waiter at lunch that did? ‎ ‎　　Every day numerous people or events can prevent us from having a good day, if we let them. The key is that we should adopt a positive attitude towards life. We cannot control　7　happens to us in many cases, but we can control how we react　8　these events. ‎ Lao-tzu, a Chinese philosopher, 　9　(say), “He who conquers others is strong; he who conquers　10　is mighty. ”‎ ‎【文章大意】每一天既可能会朝着好的方面发展, 也可能会朝着坏的方面发展, 关键是看我们对生活采取的态度。虽然我们不能控制会发生什么事, 但我们可以控制我们对所发生的事情的态度。‎ ‎1. 【解析】thinking。考查现在分词。think和逻辑主语few of us之间是主动关系, 应用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎2. 【解析】that。考查关系代词。that引导定语从句修饰先行词a person or an event, that在从句中作介词about的宾语, 先行词中既有人也有事物, 不可用which。‎ ‎3. 【解析】negatively。考查副词。修饰动词(affect), 应用副词。‎ ‎4. 【解析】it。考查代词。本句是强调句, 句中缺少it。‎ ‎5. 【解析】an。考查冠词。F表示的是学业成绩中的F级别, 是一个可数名词, 此处是泛指“一个F级别”, 应用不定冠词; F是以元音音素开头的, 应用不定冠词an修饰。‎ ‎6. 【解析】or。考查并列连词。an impolite waiter和“F”on a history paper是并列关系, 表示的是一种可能性, 应用or, 意为“或者”。‎ ‎7. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句。control后跟的是一个宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 应用what引导。‎ ‎8. 【解析】to。考查介词。react to sth. 对某事做出反应, 是固定搭配。‎ ‎9. 【解析】said。考查时态。表述过去发生的事情, 应用一般过去时。‎ ‎10. 【解析】himself。考查代词。由He who conquers others is strong可知, 此处指的是“征服自己的人才是强大的”。主语是he, 所以反身代词用himself。‎ ‎2016高考英语阅读理解集训。‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ ‎ Cleverness is a gift while kindness is a choice. Gifts are easy---they’re given after all. Choice can be hard.‎ ‎ I got the idea to start Amazon 16 years ago. I came across the fact that the Internet usage was growing at 2300 percent per year. I’d never seen or heard of anything that grew that fast, and the idea of building an online bookstore with millions of titles was very exciting to me, I had just turned 30 years old , and I’d been married for a year, I told my wife MacKenzie that I wanted to quit my job and go to do this crazy thing that probably wouldn’t work since most start-ups don’t , and I wasn’t sure what to expect, MacKenzie told me I should go for it. As a young boy, I’d been a garage inventor, I’d always wanted to be an inventor, and she wanted me to follow my passion.‎ ‎ I was working at a financial firm in New York City with a bunch of very smart people, and I had a brilliant boss that I much admired. I went to my boss and told him I wanted to start a company selling books on the Internet. He took me on a long walk in Central Park, listened carefully to me, and finally said, “That sounds like a really good idea, but it would be an even better idea for ‎ someone who didn’t already have a good job.” That logic made some sense to me, and he convinced me to think about it for 48 hours before making a final decision. Seen in that light, it really was a difficult choice, but ultimately, I decided I had to give it a shot. I didn’t think I’d regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always be haunted by a decision to not try at all. ‎ After much consideration, I took the less safe path to follow my passion, and I’m proud of that choice, For all of us, in the end, we are our choice.‎ ‎1. What inspired the author with the idea of building an online bookstore?‎ ‎ A. His dream if being an inventor. B. The support of his wife.‎ C. The greatly increasing usage of the Internet. D. Millions of exciting titles.‎ ‎2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?‎ A. The idea of not trying would keep coming to his mind and disturb him.‎ B. He would be very excited if he tried it out.‎ C. He would be always having a doubt if he didn’t try.‎ D. The decision to not try the online bookstore would terrify him.‎ ‎3. We can know from the passage that ______.‎ A. the boss thought the idea was suitable for the author B. the author wanted someone else to try the idea C. the author might not regret if he failed the idea D. the author might go back to his boss if he failed ‎4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Cleverness and Kindness B. The Starting of Amzon C. Following My Passion D. We Are What We Choose 参考答案1—4、CDCD ‎