云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重句型与结构

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重句型与结构

云南临沧市2018高考英语语法填空类阅读练习及答案：侧重句型与结构 句型结构 （1） 疑问句 疑问句包括：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句。在高考语法考试中一般不是重点。‎ 注意：反义疑问句 ‎1．主从复合句，与主句的主谓语保持一致。但当陈述部分是I (We) think/believe/expect/suppose加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。‎ ‎2．must表示猜测时的反意疑问句 ‎“must be”对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。‎ ‎3．陈述部分是祈使句，疑问尾句用will you；但如果陈述部分是let's开头的祈使句，疑问尾句用shall we。‎ （2） 倒装句 A. 倒装句的分类 英语中的句序分为两种：自然句序（即陈述句）和倒装句 判断二者的依据：主语和动词的位置关系 陈述句是动词在主语之后，倒装句是主语在动词之后 倒装句分为三类：部分倒装，完全倒装，形式倒装 B. 倒装句的规则 1） 完全倒装 谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有：‎ ‎1．表示方式、方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首，且主语是名词时。如：‎ In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.‎ 在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。‎ South of the river lies a small factory.‎ 一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。‎ Out rushed the children.‎ 孩子们冲了出去。‎ ‎2．such置于句首时。如：‎ Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.‎ 这就是艾伯特·爱因斯坦，一个朴实的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。‎ 1） 部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种：‎ ‎1．only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如：‎ Only in this way can we learn English well.‎ 只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。‎ Only when he returned did we find out the truth.‎ 只有当他回来时，我们才查明了真相。‎ 使用特点：‎ ‎(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：‎ ‎(×)Only after the war learned he the sad news.‎ ‎(√)Only after the war did he learn the sad news.‎ 只是在战后他才知道那个悲惨的消息。‎ ‎(2)only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：‎ ‎(×)Only when did he return did we find out the truth.‎ ‎(√)Only when he returned did we find out the truth.‎ 只有当他回来的时候，我们才查明了真相。‎ ‎(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：‎ ‎(×)Only can he answer the question.‎ ‎(√)Only he can answer the question.‎ 只有他能回答这个问题。‎ ‎2．否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。如：‎ Never before have I seen such a moving film.＝I have never seen such a moving film before.‎ 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。‎ Not a single mistake did he make.＝He didn't make a single mistake.‎ 他一个错也没犯。‎ ‎3．七个重要的固定句型：‎ ‎(1)．..so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语“……也是如此”。如：‎ They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.‎ 他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有残疾的人也是如此。‎ 注意：‎ 如果句意不是“……也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附加(此时的so＝indeed)，那么，句子不可使用倒装形式。试比较：‎ A：I was afraid. (句中的I指是说话者A)‎ B：So was I. (I指的是B，此句意为：I was afraid, too.)‎ A：我害怕。‎ B：我也是。‎ A：I was afraid. (I指的是A)‎ B：So you were.‎ ‎(you指的也是A。此句意为：Indeed you were afraid.)‎ A：我害怕。‎ B：你就是这样。‎ ‎(2)．..neither(或nor)＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语“……也不这样”。如：‎ Lily can't ride; neither (或nor) can Lucy.‎ 莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。‎ 此句型中的neither(或nor)不可用so...not替代，但可用not...either改写。如：‎ ‎(×)I have never been abroad. So hasn't he.‎ ‎(√)I have never been abroad. Neither/Nor has he.‎ ‎(√)I have never been abroad. He has never/not been abroad, either.‎ 我没出过国，他也没有。‎ ‎(3)So＋adj./adv....that.../Such＋adj.＋n....＋that...“如此……以至于……”。如：‎ So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.‎ 他说英语如此清晰以至于别人都听得懂。‎ 注意：‎ 在这个句型中，so/such引导的句子要倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装。‎ ‎(4)Neither...，nor...“……不……，……也不……”。如：‎ Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.‎ 我不知道，也不关心。‎ 注意：‎ 由于neither和nor都是否定词，所以其后面的分句均需倒装。‎ ‎(5)Not only...，but also...“不仅……而且……”。如：‎ Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.‎ 不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。‎ 注意：‎ 此句型也可写成Not only...but...或Not only...but...as well的形式，但but (also)引导的句子必须用正常语序。‎ ‎(6)Not until...“直到……才……”。如：‎ Not until he returned did we have supper.‎ 直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。‎ 注意：‎ ‎①这句话可以改写成：We didn't have supper until he returned.再如：‎ Not until 400 in the morning can he fall asleep.‎ ‎＝He can't fall asleep until 400 in the morning.‎ 直到凌晨4点他才睡着。‎ ‎②如果not until引导的是句子，until从句不可倒装，只是主句需要倒装。‎ ‎(7)hardly...when...，no sooner...than...“刚……就……”等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。‎ Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.‎ 他一听到这个消息就哭了。‎ 1） 形式倒装 形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构较多，但尤其要注意as, though引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况。‎ ‎1．表语的倒装 Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work.‎ 尽管他很累，他还是继续工作。‎ ‎2．谓语动词的倒装 Try as he might，he didn't pass the exam.‎ 尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。‎ ‎3．状语的倒装 ‎ Much as he likes the bike, he doesn't want to buy it.‎ 他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。‎ 注意：‎ 如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。如：‎ Child as he is, he knows a lot.‎ 尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。‎ Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best.‎ 他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。‎ （1） 感叹句 What和how引导 What后有名词，how后面没有名词 注意：特殊易混句 How interesting the book is.句中要用how，不能用what。‎ （2） 强调句 A. 基本结构和判断方法 基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余成分 被强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。如：‎ It is I who/that am right. ‎ 我才是对的。(强调主语)‎ 判断方法：把it is/was和that去掉，剩余部分是完整的才是强调句，比较：‎ It is in the park that I meet you（强调句）‎ It is the park were I meet you.（定语从句）‎ A. 特殊句式的强调 强调句的特殊句式 结构构成 一般疑问句 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？‎ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其他部分？‎ not until句式 It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分 not...but...句式 It is not...＋that...，but.../It is not...but...that...‎ Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?‎ 第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？‎ When was it that you called me yesterday?‎ 你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？‎ What is it that you want me to do?‎ 你要我做什么？‎ I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.‎ ‎→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.‎ 直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。‎ B. 对谓语动词的强调 用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。‎ Do be careful while crossing the street.‎ 过马路时一定要当心。‎ （1） 祈使句 祈使句的固定句式 ‎1．祈使句＋and＋句子表示“如果……就……”‎ ‎2．祈使句＋or＋句子表示“……否则……”‎ ‎ ‎ 训练题 ‎【2018高考选练】语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ W: You look __1__ (tire). What's the matter with you?‎ M: Nothing serious. I want a job after graduation. I am under great pressure.‎ W: Do you find that __2__ is difficult to find a suitable job this year?‎ M：Yes, it is. Now college graduates are being __3__ (encourage) to start their own businesses, which sounds really good for us. At the same time, we can get some valuable social __4__ (experience) and we may also know more about __5__ (us)and the society.‎ W: Yes, but it is not as easy as you imagine. For college graduates there are a lot of problems, especially if we don't have enough money. And our education doesn't provide enough knowledge on how to deal with them.‎ M: Maybe you are right. But our government allows college graduates to borrow money from banks __6__ maybe some can get money from their parents.‎ W: But you have to pay back the money sooner or __7__ (late). So some college graduates prefer to live a __8__ (peace) life rather than __9__ (start) their own businesses. It's very competitive.‎ M: Oh, they don't have dreams. But I have made up my mind to achieve my dream.‎ ‎ How about you?‎ W: Well, it always takes time to consider before __10__ (make) a decision.‎ 解析：‎ ‎1．tired　考查形容词。主语是you，look为系动词，要用tired作表语。‎ ‎2．it　考查代词。根据句子结构，此处用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。‎ ‎3．encouraged　句子主语college graduates与encourage为被动关系，故用encouraged。‎ ‎4．experience　考查名词。名词experience表示“经验”时，是不可数名词；表示“经历”时，是可数名词。根据句意，此处表示“工作经验”，故要用不可数名词。‎ ‎5．ourselves　我们也有可能更加了解我们自己和社会，us的反身代词为ourselves。‎ ‎6．and　考查并列连词。根据句子前后的意思，此处表示并列的关系，所以要用连词and。‎ ‎7．later　sooner or later 迟早，固定搭配。‎ ‎8．peaceful　考查形容词。根据句子的结构来判断，此处要用形容词来修饰名词life，故正确答案为peaceful。‎ ‎9．start　prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。‎ ‎10．making　考查非谓语动词。before是介词，后面要用v.ing形式。‎ ‎2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）‎ 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____1_(attract).‎ ‎ So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____2_（arrow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __3___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back ____4__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____5_ I was the first Western TV reporter__6___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____7_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. ‎ ‎ On mu recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____8_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __9__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __10____ other is with mum-she never suspects.‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1. attraction 2. was allowed 3. officially 4. to 5. when ‎6. permitted 7. introducing 8. their 9. days 10. the