2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit3SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage

2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit3SectionⅣLearningaboutLanguage

Section_ⅣLearning_about_Language_&_Using_Language ‎[原文呈现]‎ ENGLISH JOKES ‎1．(1)C：What’s that fly doing in my soup?‎ W：Swimming, I think！①‎ ‎(2)C：What’s that?‎ W：It’s bean soup.‎ C：I don’t want to know what it’s been. I want to know what it is now.②‎ ‎(3)C：Waiter, will the pancakes③ be long?‎ W：No, sir. Round.④‎ ‎2．Sherlock Holmes⑤ and Doctor Watson went camping⑥ in a mountainous area⑦. They were lying in the open air⑧ under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked up at⑨ the stars and whispered， “Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of？” Watson replied，“I think of⑪how short life is and how long the universe has lasted⑫.”“No, no, Watson！” Holmes said.“What do you really think of？” Watson tried again.“I think of how small I am and how vast⑬ the sky is.”“Try again, Watson！” said Holmes. Watson tried a third time⑭.“I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.” Holmes said，“Watson, you fool⑮！ You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent！”‎ ‎[读文清障]‎ 第一部分为餐馆笑话，是发生在顾客与服务员之间机智、幽默的对话。‎ ‎①第一则笑话是：顾客对自己的汤里有只苍蝇感到非常生气，责问服务员“为何汤里会有苍蝇”。服务员机智地回答“苍蝇在游泳”，这使那种尴尬的局面得以缓解。‎ ‎②第二则笑话中bean/biːn/和been/biːn/同音，但含义不同。bean豆，菜豆，豆荚，而been是动词be的过去分词，意为“曾经是”。‎ ‎③pancake/’pænkeik/n.烙饼；薄饼 ‎④第三则笑话中的关键词是long，它既可作形容词“长的”讲，又可作副词“长时间，长久”讲。顾客询问的是“烙饼是否还要很长时间才端上来”，而服务员误认为顾客在询问烙饼的形状，所以回答说是圆的。‎ 第二部分为幽默故事。‎ ‎⑤Sherlock Holmes/’ʃɜːlɒk’həʊlmz/n.夏洛克·福尔摩斯 ‎⑥go camping去野营 ‎⑦in a mountainous area在山区 mountainous/’maʊntInəs/adj.多山的；山一般的 ‎⑧in the open air在露天中　⑨look up at抬头望着 whisper/’wIspə/n.耳语，低语 vt.&vi.低语；小声说 ‎⑪and连接的两个宾语从句作介词of的宾语。‎ ‎⑫last v．持续，继续，维持 ‎⑬vast/vɑːst/adj.巨大的；辽阔的 ‎⑭a third time又一次(暗含第三次了)‎ ‎⑮fool作you的同位语。‎ 英语笑话 ‎1．(1)顾客：那只苍蝇在我的汤里干什么？‎ 服务员：我想是在游泳吧！‎ ‎(2)顾客：那是什么？‎ 服务员：是豆汤。‎ 顾客：我不想知道它曾经是什么。我想知道它现在是什么。‎ ‎(3)顾客：服务员，烙饼还要很久吗？‎ 服务员：不，先生。它是圆的。‎ ‎2．夏洛克·福尔摩斯和华生医生去山区野营。他们正躺在一块露天的地上，头上是星星。夏洛克·福尔摩斯仰望着星空，轻声问道：“华生，当你望着美丽的天空时，你想到了什么？”华生回答说：“我想到生命是多么短暂，而宇宙是多么漫长。”“不，不对，华生！”福尔摩斯说，“你到底想到了什么？”于是华生又试着回答：“我想到我是多么渺小，而天空是多么浩瀚。”“再回答一次，华生！”福尔摩斯说。华生试着又回答了一次：“我想到宇宙是多么寒冷，而人们睡在床上是多么暖和。”福尔摩斯说：“华生，你这个傻瓜！你应该想到有人把我们的帐篷偷走了！”‎ Step 1　True (T) or False (F)．‎ ‎1．In the first joke, the customer is angry about a fly in his/her soup.(　　)‎ ‎2．In the second joke, the waiter mistakes “bean” for “been”．(　　)‎ ‎3．In the third joke, the customer asks about the shape of the pancakes.(　　)‎ ‎4．Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went travelling in a mountainous area.(　　)‎ ‎5．From their dialogue we can see Sherlock Holmes is humorous.(　　)‎ 答案：1～5　TFFFT Step 2　Choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．In the second dialogue the customer in fact means that ________.‎ A．he doesn’t know what it is now B．he doesn’t hear clearly what the waiter says C．he is not content with the soup D．he mistakes “bean” for “been”‎ ‎2．In the third dialogue the customer really wants to know ‎ ‎________.‎ A．the length of the pancakes B．how soon the pancakes will be ready C．the size of the pancakes D．the shape of the pancakes ‎3．When did the story probably happen?‎ A．In the morning.　　 　B．At noon.‎ C．In the afternoon. D．At night.‎ ‎4．What happened to Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson?‎ A．Their tent was stolen by someone.‎ B．They quarrelled with each other about their tent.‎ C．Their tent was blown away by the strong wind.‎ D．They quarrelled with each other about different opinions of life.‎ ‎5．The text mainly tells us ________.‎ A．a joke made by Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson B．a dialogue between Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson C．a misunderstanding between Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson D．a story told by two famous detectives 答案：1～5　CBDAA 一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对 记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇 ‎1.budget n．　　　　预算；开支 ‎2.slide vt.‎& vi. (使)滑动；(使)滑行 n. 滑；滑动；幻灯片 ‎3.pancake n. 烙饼；薄饼 ‎4.whisper n. 耳语；低语 vt.‎‎& vi. 低语；小声说 ‎5.vast adj. 巨大的；辽阔的 ‎6.porridge n. 粥；麦片粥 ‎7.drunk adj. 醉的 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 ‎1.particular adj.特殊的；特别的 n．细节；细目→particularly adv.特殊地；特别地 ‎2.amuse vt.使发笑；使愉快→amused adj.愉快的；开心的→amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的→amusement n．娱乐；消遣 ‎3.explanation n．解释；讲解；说明→explain vt.&vi.解释；说明 ‎4.occasion n．时刻；场合→occasional adj.偶然的；特殊场合的 ‎5.actress n．女演员→actor n．男演员 ‎6.react vi.作出反应；回应→reaction n．反应；反作用 ‎7.detective n．侦探→detect v．侦察；发现；察觉 ‎1.particular adj.特殊的；特别的 n．细节；细目 ‎[词块]　①particular case　　　个别情况 ‎②particular demands 特殊要求 ‎③particular period 特殊阶段 ‎④particular problem 个人问题 ‎[同义]　①special adj. 特殊的 ‎②extraordinary adj. 非凡的 ‎③unique adj. 独特的 ‎[反义]　①ordinary adj. 平常的 ‎②general adj. 一般的，大体的 ‎③universal adj. 普通的，全体的 ‎2.amuse vt.使发笑；使愉快 ‎[同义]　interest, cheer, delight, entertain ‎[反义]　annoy, bore, disturb, tire ‎3.porridge n．粥；麦片粥 ‎“粥”类食品一览 ‎①rice porridge 稀饭 ‎②mung bean porridge 绿豆粥 ‎③sweet potato congee 地瓜粥 ‎④millet congee 小米粥 ‎⑤pumpkin porridge 南瓜粥 ‎4.mess n．脏或乱的状态 ‎[词块]　①make a mess 弄糟 ‎②complete mess 一团糟 ‎8.mountainous adj.多山的；山一般的→mountain n．山；山脉 ‎9.mess n．脏或乱的状态→messy adj.脏乱的 ‎③terrible mess 脏极了 ‎④awful mess 凌乱不堪 ‎[同义]　confuse, dirty, disorder, confusion 二、这样记短语 记牢固定短语 多积常用词块 ‎1.burst_into_laughter　　　　放声大笑 ‎ ‎2．on_one_occasion 有一次 ‎3．pick_up 拾起；捡起 ‎4．treat_..._as_... 把……当作/看作……‎ ‎5．in_the_open_air 在露天；在户外 ‎6．look_up 向上看；查阅 ‎7．react_to 对……作出反应；回应 ‎8．add_up 合计；把……加起来 ‎9．in_a_whisper 小声地 ‎10．in_a_mess 乱七八糟 ‎11．pay_attention_to 注意 ‎1.have a particular method of filmmaking有电影制作的特殊方法 ‎2．perform and film each scene many times每个场景都表演拍摄多次 ‎3．go camping in a mountainous area　　在山区野营 ‎4．How vast the sky is! 多么浩瀚的天空！‎ ‎5．try a third time 再试一次 ‎6．behave strangely 行为奇怪 ‎7．go bad in hot weather 在热天中变质 ‎8．play on words 玩文字游戏 ‎9．a sense of success 成就感 三、这样记句式 先背熟 再悟通 后仿用 ‎1.Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes the situation funny.‎ 相反，他得到的是使事情诙谐有趣的另一种回答。‎ ‎“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。‎ His gift made_her_very_happy.‎ 他的礼物令她非常高兴。‎ ‎2.What did John think Mary should have done with the mess in the pan？‎ 约翰认为玛丽本应该怎样处理锅里的一团糟？‎ should have done意为“本应该……而……”。‎ Don’t worry about what_you_should_have_done_last_week or what you might be able to do tomorrow.‎ 不要为你上一周本该做了什么或者明天可能会做什么而焦虑。‎ ‎3.Whenever you finish your story, you will feel a sense of success.‎ 不管你何时完成故事，你都会有一种成就感。‎ whenever引导让步状语从句。‎ Whenever_she_thought_of_her_old_mother_in_the_countryside,_tears came to her eyes.‎ 每当她想起在乡村的老妈妈，就忍不住热泪盈眶。‎ ‎1．(教材P20)Children particularly would burst into laughter at his behaviour.‎ 尤其是孩子们看到他的表演会大笑不止。‎ particularly adv.特殊地；特别地 particular adj.　　　　　　　　　 特殊的；特别的 ‎　　 n. 细节；细目 in particular (＝particularly) 特别地；尤其地 ‎ be particular about 对……挑剔 ‎①What I particularly dislike about this lesson is that it is really boring.‎ 我特别不喜欢这节课的地方是它的确令人乏味。‎ ‎②I am_not_particular_about my clothes while my wife minds what I wear.‎ 我不怎么讲究着装，我的妻子却很在乎我穿什么。‎ ‎③Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in_particular.‎ 彼得躺在沙发上，无所事事。‎ ‎2．(教材P20)On one occasion in a restaurant he ordered a steak tartare.‎ 有一次他在餐馆叫了一份生食鞑靼牛排。‎ occasion n．时刻；机会；原因；场合 ‎(1)on occasion(s)　　　　　　 有时；间或 on this/that occasion 这/那次 on the occasion of sth. 在……之际 have occasion to do sth. 有理由做某事 ‎(2)occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 occasionally adv. 偶然地；有时 ‎①He has been known on occasion to lose his temper.‎ 大家都知道他有时会发脾气。‎ ‎②I have had no occasion to_visit (visit) him recently.‎ 我最近无缘去拜访他。‎ ‎[名师点津]　occasion作定语从句的先行词，如果表示时间，意为“时刻；机会”，关系副词用when；如果表示地点，意为“场合”，关系副词用where。‎ ‎③Have you ever met with the occasion where you are mistaken?‎ 你是否遇到过被人误解的时候？‎ ‎④It’s a cheerful occasion when my birthday arrives.‎ 我的生日来临时是个快乐的时刻。‎ ‎3．(教材P22)There are thousands of jokes which use “play on words” to amuse us.‎ 有成千上万的笑话是以“玩文字游戏”的方式来逗我们发笑的。‎ amuse vt.使发笑；使愉快 ‎(1)amuse sb. with/by ...　 用/以……娱乐某人 amuse oneself 自娱自乐 It amuses sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人发笑 ‎(2)amused adj. 觉得好笑的；逗乐的 be amused at/by ... 对……觉得好笑 keep sb. amused 使某人快乐 amusing adj. 好笑的 ‎(3)amusement n. 愉悦；娱乐 to one’s amusement 使某人感到好笑的是 ‎①They amused themselves by playing games.‎ 他们通过做游戏来消遣。‎ ‎②It amused me to_think (think) back to my life in London.‎ 回想以前我在伦敦的生活使我很开心。‎ ‎③We were_amused_by/at the beautiful scenery.‎ 那美丽的景色使我们感到快乐。‎ ‎④To_our_amusement,_they had a quarrel about such a small thing.‎ 让我们感到好笑的是，他们为这样一件小事争吵。‎ ‎4．(教材P22)Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered，“Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of？”‎ 夏洛克·福尔摩斯仰望着星空，轻声问道：“华生，当你望着美丽的天空时，你想到了什么？”‎ whisper n．耳语；低语 vt.&vi.低语；小声说 whisper to sb.　　　　　　 与某人耳语 in a whisper ＝ in whispers ＝ in a low voice ‎ 耳语地；低声地 whisper sth. in one’s ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事 It is/was whispered that ... 据秘密传闻……‎ ‎①She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.‎ 她探过身在他耳旁小声说了些什么。‎ ‎②They sat at the back of the room, talking in whispers (whisper)．‎ 他们坐在房间的后面低声谈话。‎ ‎③It_was_whispered_that he would soon die and he did.‎ 有人私下说他将不久于人世，他果然死了。‎ ‎[语境串记]　I saw Jenny and Helen talking to each other in a whisper/in whispers. Suddenly Jenny leaned and whispered something in Helen’s ear. I wanted to know what they were whispering about. I whispered to Mary that I would sneak close to find it out.‎ 我看到珍妮和海伦在低声谈话。突然，珍妮探身在海伦耳边说了点儿什么。我很好奇她们在嘀咕些什么。于是我小声对玛丽说，我要悄悄走过去搞清楚。‎ ‎5．(教材P23)What did John think Mary should have done with the mess in the pan?‎ 约翰认为玛丽本应该怎样处理锅里的一团糟？‎ mess n．脏或乱的状态；麻烦；困境；混乱v.把……搞乱；把……弄脏 ‎(1)What a mess！　　　　　　　 真乱啊！‎ be in a mess (＝be in trouble) 处于困境中；一团糟 make a mess of sth. 把某事搞糟 get into a mess (＝ get into trouble)‎ ‎ 陷入困境中 get sb. into a mess 使某人陷入困境 ‎(2)mess up 把……弄乱/弄糟 ‎①Your room is in a mess; Please tidy it up.‎ 你的房间那么乱，收拾一下吧。‎ ‎②You have got yourself into a pretty mess now.‎ 你现在可惹麻烦了。‎ ‎③The late arrival of the ship had messed up all our plans.‎ 船晚点了，把我们的计划全打乱了。‎ ‎6．(教材P23)How do you think John will react to her?‎ 你认为约翰将怎样回应她？‎ react vi.作出反应；回应 ‎(1)react to　　　 (对……)作出反应；回应 react with (和……)起化学反应；发生物理变化 react against 反对；反抗 react on/upon 对……起作用/有影响 ‎(2)reaction n. 反应；回应 ‎①—How did your mother react to the news?‎ ‎—She reacted by getting very angry.‎ ‎——你妈妈对这条消息的反应怎样？‎ ‎——她非常生气。‎ ‎②The chemistry teacher shows us how iron reacts with air and water.‎ 化学老师向我们展示铁是如何与空气、水发生反应的。‎ ‎③The boy often reacts against his parents, which makes his parents very upset.‎ 这个男孩经常和父母对抗，这使他的父母非常生气。‎ ‎④Her parents’ reaction (react) to the news was surprisingly calm.‎ 她父母对那条消息的反应出乎意料地平静。‎ ‎1．What did John think Mary should have done with the mess in the pan?‎ 约翰认为玛丽本应该怎样处理锅里的一团糟？‎ ‎1)本句中should have done属于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”结构。should have ‎ done在语义上相当于ought to have done表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做”；shouldn’t have done表示“过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了”。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。‎ ‎①He should have started earlier, but he didn’t.‎ 他本应该早点出发，但是他没有。‎ ‎②You shouldn’t_have_taken_away my dictionary for I wanted to use it.‎ 你本不应该拿走我的字典，因为我要用它。‎ ‎2)“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的其他形式：‎ ‎(1)must have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定；想必”，语气十分肯定。‎ ‎③He must_have_been_punished,_for his blog has not been updated for many days.‎ 他肯定是受到了惩罚，因为他的博客很多天没有更新了。‎ ‎(2)may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。‎ ‎④He may/might have gone to the library.‎ 他或许已经去图书馆了。‎ ‎(3)can/could have done表示“本来可以做而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can’t have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。‎ ‎⑤He could have succeeded but he had bad luck.‎ 他本来能够成功，但是运气太差。‎ ‎⑥They can’t_have_left;_it was raining so heavily then.‎ 当时雨很大，他们不可能离开。‎ ‎(4)needn’t have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上却做了”。‎ ‎⑦You needn’t_have_come. I have finished the work.‎ 你没有必要来，我已经完成了这项工作。‎ ‎2．Whenever you finish your story, you will feel a sense of success.‎ 不管你何时完成故事，你都会有一种成就感。‎ ‎(1)本句中whenever引导了一个让步状语从句，意为“不管何时；无论什么时候”，相当于no matter when。‎ ‎①Whenever you need help, you may turn to me.‎ 无论你什么时候需要帮忙，都可以找我求助。‎ ‎(2)wherever, however, whatever, whichever, whoever等也可引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter＋where/how/what/which/who。‎ ‎②Whatever_difficulties_we_meet,_we’ll never change our mind.‎ 无论我们遇到什么样的困难，我们永远都不会改变我们的主意。‎ ‎③However/No_matter_how_cold_it_is,_he always goes swimming.‎ 无论天气多冷，他总是去游泳。‎ ‎(3)whichever, whoever, whatever等也可引导名词性从句。‎ ‎④I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it.‎ 谁想要这票，我就把它给谁。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions when members are confused or uncertain about their roles.‎ ‎2．Look what a mess you’ve made of your life.‎ ‎3．He asked about my health whenever he met me.‎ ‎4．There’s no reason to be disappointed. As a matter of fact, this could be rather amusing (amuse)．‎ ‎5．He must_have_completed (complete) his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.‎ ‎6．Be particularly (particular) careful when driving at night.‎ ‎7．How did she react to the results?‎ ‎8．They whispered to each other for a long time.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Children tend to react_against their parents by going against their wishes.‎ 孩子们通常以违背父母意愿的方式来反抗父母。‎ ‎2．Whoever_comes will be welcome.‎ 不管谁来都会受到欢迎。‎ ‎3．You have on_occasion surprised people.‎ 你有时使人们感到诧异。‎ ‎4．It_is_whispered_that he is heavily in debt.‎ 据传闻他负债累累。‎ ‎5．She has already tried her best. Please don’t be_too_particular_about_her_job.‎ 她已经尽最大努力了，请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。‎ ‎6．She messed_up_her_new_dress with red ink.‎ 她的新衣服被红墨水弄脏了。‎ ‎7．Playing with water can keep_children_amused for hours.‎ 戏水可以使孩子们玩乐好几个小时。‎ ‎8．You shouldn’t_have_told her the bad news.‎ 你本不该告诉她这个坏消息的。‎ 应课时作业与题型训练P129‎ 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高 ‎[本课语言点针对练习]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．She has confidence (自信) to overcome the difficulties.‎ ‎2．Lincoln is one of the outstanding (杰出的) presidents of the American history.‎ ‎3．As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome (克服)．‎ ‎4．The mountainous (多山的) region in the northern half of Scotland is called the Scottish Highlands.‎ ‎5．There are many kinds of wildlife living in this vast (广阔的) area of rainforest.‎ ‎6．Most people agree that those who drive when they are drunk (醉的) should be punished heavily.‎ ‎7．Whoever comes, my mother will entertain (招待) him to the best food of our family.‎ ‎8．He could amuse (使……愉快) us for hours with his stories of the theater.‎ ‎9．There were an astonishing (令人吃惊的) number of applicants for the job.‎ ‎10．It was believed that there would be a new economic crisis throughout (遍及) the world, but we hoped it would not happen.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 react to， in a mess， in a whisper， amuse oneself， slide into， on one occasion， be particular about， burst into laughter ‎1．Her room is in_a_mess,_which is unexpected to me.‎ ‎2．How do you think a manager should react_to an employee's unsatisfactory work?‎ ‎3．The kids amused_themselves by playing hideandseek.‎ ‎4．We all burst_into_laughter while watching the baby's funny behaviour.‎ ‎5．A thief slid_into the Accountant's Office and stole about 60,000 yuan.‎ ‎6．She earns only 1,000 yuan a month but is_particular_about her clothes.‎ ‎7．She said it in_a_whisper,_so I didn't hear.‎ ‎8．On_one_occasion,_she called me in the middle of the night.‎ ‎[本单元语言点温故练习]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．All the audience burst into laughter at his entertaining (entertain) performance.‎ ‎2．He was such an outstanding performer that thousands and thousands of people would queue for his signature.‎ ‎3．Last Saturday we had a picnic in the open air and had a wonderful holiday.‎ ‎4．To my astonishment,_he was not astonished at the news we all think astonishing.(astonish)‎ ‎5．In the cold weather, it is difficult for him to eat every mouthful (mouth) of bread.‎ ‎6．With time going (go) by, we have a better understanding of things around us.‎ ‎7．Many women performers prefer to be called actors instead of actresses (act)．‎ ‎8．She was too drunk (drink) to remember anything about the party.‎ ‎9．He gave no explanation (explain) for what he was doing that evening.‎ ‎10．The two strangers talked as if they had_been (be) friends for years.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．He was_convinced_that he made a right decision.‎ 他相信他作出了正确的决定。‎ ‎2．There was a celebration on_the_occasion of the school's anniversary.‎ 在学校建校周年之际有个庆祝活动。‎ ‎3．He picked_out his sister from the crowd.‎ 他从人群中认出了他的姐姐。‎ ‎4．I content_myself_with a cup of coffee every day.‎ 每天能喝上一杯咖啡我很满足。‎ ‎5．His mother made_him_do_his_homework again.‎ 他妈妈让他把作业重写一次。‎ ‎6．I didn't hear the phone. I must_have_been_asleep.‎ 我没有听到电话声，我一定是睡着了。‎ ‎7．The officer directed_his_men_to_attack the city.‎ 那个军官命令部下攻城。‎ ‎8．The boy likes anything to do with nature in_particular.‎ 那个男孩尤其喜欢与自然界有关的一切。‎ 二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Once a teacher was giving her young students a lesson on how the government works.‎ ‎ She was trying to explain the principle of income tax (所得税)．‎ ‎“You see，” she began speaking slowly and carefully，“each person who works must pay part of his or her salary to the government. If you make a high salary, your taxes are high. If you don't make much money, your taxes are low.”‎ ‎“Does it make sense？” she asked.“Does everyone understand the meaning of income tax？” The students nodded.‎ ‎“Are there any questions？” she asked. The students shook their heads.‎ ‎“Very good！” she said.“Now, I would like you to take a piece of paper and write a short composition on the subject of income tax.”‎ Little Joe was a slow learner. He had lots of problems with spelling and grammar, but this time he at least seemed to understand the task. He took his pen and after a few minutes, he handed the teacher the following composition: Once I had a dog. His name was Tax. I opened the door and in come Tax.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。老师尽力让学生们理解什么是income tax，可是依然有学生闹出了笑话。income tax到底是什么，你弄明白了吗？‎ ‎1．The teacher was trying to explain ________ one day.‎ A．how the government works B．the principle of income tax C．everyone should pay income tax D．how much tax one should pay for his income 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“to explain the principle of income tax (所得税)”可确定答案。‎ ‎2．After the teacher's explanation, ________.‎ A．all the students shook their heads B．many of the students were still puzzled C．a few students disagreed with their teacher D．not all the students understood the meaning of income tax 解析：选D　推理判断题。由文章内容可知，尽管老师对于什么是“income tax”做出了解释，尽管乔认为自己理解了老师所说的概念，但通过他的作文可以看出，他并没有理解老师在说什么，由此可确定答案为D。‎ ‎3．The students were asked ________.‎ A．to say something about income tax B．to answer some questions on income tax C．to write a composition on income tax D．to explain the principle of income tax 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“write a short composition on the subject of income tax”以及最后一段的“composition”可知，老师要求学生们写一篇关于“income tax”的作文。‎ ‎4．What made Little Joe write that kind of composition?‎ A．His poor understanding of the teaching.‎ B．The teacher.‎ C．His classmates' nodding heads.‎ D．His spelling and grammar ability.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据乔写的内容可以看出，他将“income tax”理解成了“in come Tax”，他认为Tax是个名字，由此可知他理解力较差。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Signs that you are enjoying your work When you work at an office, you are probably spending eight hours a day at work. Perhaps when you add commuting, that goes up to 10.__1__ If you're going to spend that much time on your work, you had better make sure you're enjoying it. How can you tell? Here are some key signs that you enjoy your work.‎ ‎__2__ It happens when you do something that is really enjoyable. For example, you are playing a musical instrument you love or with someone you really care about. It's the same thing when you are doing work you really love. Time slips away and you look at the window swearing that the sun just came up when you see it's dark outside.‎ You feel like you are doing something of value. Humans feel happier when they give or create something of value. __3__ It could be simple like being a carpenter and building things that people want or need. Whatever the job is, you feel a deep sense of gratitude for being able to help and serve people.‎ You are excited to wake up in the morning. If you aren't ready and eager to get up in the morning, something might be wrong. __4__ But if you continuously hate going to work, it might be time to change. Whatever you do should get you excited to get up and hit the ground running at full speed.‎ You don't mind the struggle. Work can be a struggle. __5__ You love the struggle. You love coming back, refining, and the process of progression to get what you want.‎ A．It doesn't have to be curing cancer.‎ B．Of course, everyone has unlucky days.‎ C．Time flies by and you lose yourself in it.‎ D．But when you enjoy your work, you don't care.‎ E．You feel like your work is a part of your personality.‎ F．In other words, you're spending most of your daytime at work.‎ G．Even if you don't have to do certain things, you want to learn more.‎ 答案：1～5　FCABD