【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit2Healthyeating单元学案设计（128页word版）

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit2Healthyeating单元学案设计（128页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit2Healthy eating单元学案设计 一、必背话题词汇 ‎(一)粮食与主食 ‎1．wheat n．　　　　　　　　　 小麦 ‎2．soybean n. 大豆；黄豆 ‎3．flour n. 面粉；粉 ‎4．grain n. 谷物；谷类 ‎5．dumpling n. 饺子 ‎6．pancake n. 薄煎饼 ‎7．porridge n. 稀饭；粥 ‎8．hamburger n. 汉堡包 ‎9．sandwich n. 三明治 ‎10．toast n. 烤面包片；吐司 ‎11．beancurd n. 豆腐 ‎12．cuisine n. 饭菜；菜肴 ‎(二)甜食 ‎1．biscuit n. 饼干 ‎2．cookie n. 小甜饼 ‎3．dessert n. 甜点 ‎4．sweet n. 甜食；甜点；糖果 ‎(三)肉食 ‎1．bacon n. 熏咸肉；腊肉 ‎2．beef n. 牛肉 ‎3．mutton n. 羊肉 ‎4．pork n. 猪肉 ‎5．steak n. 牛排；肉排；鱼排 ‎6．sausage n. 香肠；腊肠 ‎(四)蔬菜 ‎1．tomato n. 西红柿 ‎2．cabbage n. 卷心菜；洋白菜 ‎3．eggplant n. 茄子 ‎4．garlic n. 大蒜 ‎5．mushroom n. 蘑菇 ‎6．onion n. 洋葱；洋葱头 ‎(五)水果 ‎1．peach n. 桃 ‎2．grape n. 葡萄 ‎3．lemon n. 柠檬 ‎4．strawberry n. 草莓 ‎5．pineapple n. 菠萝 ‎6．melon n. (甜)瓜 ‎7．watermelon n. 西瓜 ‎8．cherry n. 樱桃 ‎(六)零食及其他 ‎1．refreshments n. 点心；便餐 ‎2．chips n．(pl.) 炸土豆条(片)；炸薯条 ‎3．cream n. 奶油；乳脂 ‎4．butter n. 黄油；奶油 ‎5．cheese n. 奶酪 ‎6．honey n. 蜂蜜 ‎7．pepper n. 胡椒粉；辣椒 ‎8．popcorn n. 爆米花 ‎9．sauce n. 酱；调味汁 ‎10．vinegar n. 醋 ‎1．liquor n．　　　　　 酒；烈性酒 ‎2．core n. 果心；核心 ‎3．expend v. 消费 ‎4．expenditure n. 支出；消费；经费 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．An apple a day keeps the doctor away.‎ 每天一苹果，疾病远离我。‎ ‎2．Radish and ginger keep away from doctor.‎ 冬吃萝卜夏吃姜，不劳医生开药方。‎ ‎3．We must admit the fact that eating junk food is harmful to our health.‎ 我们必须承认吃垃圾食品有害健康。‎ ‎4．Healthy foods don't include most snacks as they are high in sugar.‎ 大多数零食都不是健康食品，因为它们含糖量太高。‎ ‎5．The majority of people take in too much fat and not enough fibre, which does great harm to their health.‎ 大多数人摄入的脂肪太多，纤维不足，这对他们的健康很有害。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The southerners live on rice while the northerners live on wheat (小麦)．‎ ‎2．He was so hungry that he had three hamburgers (汉堡包) and two fried chicken legs for lunch.‎ ‎3．He ordered two cheese sandwiches (三明治), three bottles of beer and beered up.‎ ‎4．My grandfather dislikes milk and he prefers to have porridge (粥)．‎ ‎5．While at college, my breakfast was simple: two pieces of toast (烤面包片) and a glass of milk.‎ ‎6．Make yourself at home. Would you like some cake or biscuit (饼干)?‎ ‎7．This country exported a great deal of beef (牛肉) to Europe every ‎ year.‎ ‎8．Before going shopping, she made a shopping list: two kilos of tomatoes (西红柿), one kilo of strawberries (草莓) and two bags of chips (炸薯条)．‎ Ⅱ.单词分类 noodle， peach， pork， chocolate， carrot， lemon， pancake， cookie， mutton， potato ‎ ‎1．main food: noodle,_pancake ‎2．sweet: chocolate,_cookie ‎3．meat: pork,_mutton ‎4．vegetable: carrot,_potato ‎5．fruit: peach,_lemon Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．很显然摄入太多脂肪对我们的健康有害。‎ It's obvious that taking in too much fat is_harmful_to/does_harm_to our health.‎ ‎2．一般说来，含糖量太高的食物不健康。‎ Generally speaking, the foods that are_high_in_sugar are not healthy.‎ ‎3．不要吃太多的垃圾食品，这对你的健康很有害。‎ Don't eat too much junk food, which_does_great_harm_to/is_very_harmful_to your health.‎ ‎■子话题(二)　厨具、餐具与就餐 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎(一)厨具与餐具 ‎1．cooker n．　　　　　　　　 炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等)‎ ‎2．stove n. 火炉；炉子 ‎3．spoon n. 匙；勺；调羹 ‎4．chopsticks n. 筷子 ‎5．container n. 容器 ‎(二)就餐 ‎1．cafeteria n. 自助餐厅 ‎2．bakery n. 面包店 ‎3．menu n. 菜单 ‎4．recipe n. 食谱 ‎5．buffet n. 自助餐 ‎6．snack n. 小吃 vt. & vi. 嗅；闻到；发出气味 ‎7．swallow vt. 吞下；咽下 ‎8．chew vt. 咀嚼 ‎9．digest vt. 消化；吸收 ‎10．nutrition n. 营养 ‎11．delicious adj. 美味的；可口的 ‎12．tasty adj. 味道好的 ‎ ‎13．tasteless adj. 无味的 ‎14．bitter adj. 苦的；有苦味的 ‎15．salty adj. 咸的；含盐的 ‎16．sour adj. 酸的；馊的 ‎17．hungry adj. 饥饿的 ‎18．thirsty adj. 口渴的 ‎19．full adj. 饱的 ‎20．dine out 在外用餐 ‎21．have a good appetite 胃口好 ‎22．be/go on a diet 节食 ‎23．be rich/abundant in 富含……‎ ‎24．be high/low in 含……高/低 ‎25．keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食 ‎26．unhealthy eating habit 不健康的饮食习惯 ‎27．to one's taste 合某人的口味 ‎1．appetite n．　　　　　 胃口；欲望 ‎2．substitute n. 代用品；代替品 vt. 代替 ‎3．entertainment n. 娱乐；招待；款待 ‎4．stuff n. 原料；材料 vt. 填进；塞满 ‎5．hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．The doctor advised that we should keep a balanced diet and get into the good habit of getting up early.‎ 医生建议我们要保持均衡的饮食并养成早起的好习惯。‎ ‎2．The key to keeping fit is to eat food high in vitamins and low in fat.‎ 吃富含维生素和低脂肪的食物是保持健康的关键。‎ ‎3．It's meaningful to join in the “Clean Your Plate Campaign”， which helps us realize how difficult it is for a grain of rice to come on our plate and how important it is to save food.‎ 加入“光盘行动”是有意义的，这能帮助我们认识到我们盘中的每一粒米来得多么不容易，节约粮食是多么地重要。‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 ‎(Ⅰ)‎ ‎1．How much salt did you put into the dish? It is so salty that I can't swallow it.‎ ‎2．Have you ever tried a cup of black coffee without sugar? It tastes quite bitter.‎ ‎3．Don't let your child eat an unripe apple. Its taste is a bit sour.‎ ‎4．People in the West eat with knives and forks while the Chinese people prefer to use chopsticks.‎ ‎5．Pure water is tasteless. Why not put some tea in it?‎ ‎6．Mom is cooking. The delicious smell of the fried fish comes from the kitchen.‎ ‎7．He's been working in the garden the whole afternoon and is very hot and thirsty. Would you please send him a bottle of water?‎ ‎8．No more cake for me. I'm full enough.‎ ‎9．I didn't eat anything the whole day and I felt extremely hungry.‎ ‎10．The stomach acid helps digest what we eat.‎ ‎(Ⅱ) A：How about 1.dining_out together after school?‎ B：Why not? Good idea.‎ A：Then what about fast food? I haven't eaten hamburgers and roast chicken for a long time.‎ B：But they 2.are_rich_in fat, and I 3.am_on_a_diet now. My mother asks me to lose weight.‎ A：Well, would you like a special salad made of different vegetables and fruits? I think it will be 4.to_your_taste.‎ B：Sounds good! You eat your hamburgers and roast chicken, and I have my salad. We'll both 5.have_a_good_appetite.‎ A：OK! Let's go!‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．保持均衡的饮食和养成早睡早起的好习惯对我们来说非常重要。‎ It's very important for us to keep_a_balanced_diet_and_form/get_into_the_good_habit_of_going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early.‎ ‎2．保持健康的关键是健康饮食和经常运动。‎ The_key_to_keeping_fit/healthy is to eat in a healthy way and exercise regularly. ‎ ‎3．这次活动让我们认识到养成健康的饮食习惯是多么重要！‎ This activity makes us realize how_important_it_is to form the healthy eating habit!‎ ‎■子话题(三)　疾病、残疾与伤痛 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎(一)疾病与残疾 ‎1．disease/illness/sickness n．　　　 病；疾病 ‎2．flu n. 流行性感冒 ‎3．fever n. 发烧；发热 ‎4．AIDS n. 艾滋病 ‎5．cancer n. 癌症 ‎6．stroke n. 中风 ‎7．depression n. 抑郁症 ‎8．heart attack 心脏病 ‎9．dizziness n. 头晕；头昏眼花 ‎10．choke n．& vi. 窒息 ‎ ‎11．blind adj. 瞎的 ‎12．deaf adj. 聋的 ‎13．dumb adj. 哑的 ‎14．lame adj. 跛的；瘸的 ‎15．allergic adj. 过敏的 ‎16．infective adj. 会传染的；有传染性的 ‎(二)伤痛 ‎1．ache vi.& n. 痛；疼痛 ‎2．backache n. 背痛 ‎3．stomachache n. 胃疼 ‎4．toothache n. 牙痛 ‎5．injury n. 损伤；伤害；受伤处 ‎6．harm n．& vt. 伤害；损伤 ‎7．wound vt. 使受伤；伤害 n. 创伤；伤口 ‎8．painful adj. 疼痛的；引起痛苦的 ‎9．bleed vi. 出血；流血 ‎10．have a pain in (某处)疼痛 ‎1．infant n．　　　　　　　　　　 婴儿 ‎2．infect v. 传染 ‎3．defect n. 缺点；缺陷 ‎4．fatal adj. 致命的；重大的 ‎5．audio adj. 声音的；音频的 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．Reading is to the mind while exercise to the body.‎ 读书健脑，运动强身。‎ ‎2．Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.‎ 早睡早起使人健康、富有又聪明。‎ ‎3．People are beginning to attach much more importance to their health these days than ever before.‎ 如今人们开始比以往更重视他们的健康。‎ ‎4．With the improvement of the living standards, more and more ‎ people, especially children, are suffering from obesity.‎ 随着生活水平的提高，越来越多的人，尤其是孩子，正在饱受肥胖之苦。‎ ‎5．Staying up to study does harm to your health. In addition/Besides, it will affect your study the following day for lack of energy.‎ 熬夜学习对你的身体有害。此外，你还会因为精力不足而影响第二天的学习。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Most of my colleagues have gone down with flu (流感)．‎ ‎2．As a doctor, I know fever (发烧) is a signal that the immune system is working well.‎ ‎3．His passion for his work and his courage in fighting his cancer (癌症) were an inspiration to us all.‎ ‎4．The girl almost choked (窒息) to death after breathing in smoke.‎ ‎5．Helen became a symbol of new hope for the deaf (聋的) and blind.‎ ‎6．Soya milk can cause allergic (过敏的) reactions to some children.‎ ‎7．It's not surprising that you've got a stomachache (胃疼). After all, you've eaten too much.‎ ‎8．The soldier has been wounded in the arm and he is bleeding (流血) heavily.‎ Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Hunger, cold and sickness (sick) were among the hardships of pioneer life.‎ ‎2．The exact cause of depression (depress) remains unclear.‎ ‎3．Possible side effects of this medicine include dizziness (dizzy), headache, and a lowering of blood pressure.‎ ‎4．His disability (disable) prevented him from going to college.‎ ‎5．It's a mild and very common infective (infect) disease of children.‎ ‎6．At least the injury (injure) gave me time to be with my friends and family.‎ ‎7．It is an ecology engineering harmless (harm) treatment technology to treat solid waste with biological germ.‎ ‎8．My neck has been so painful (pain) that it's given me a heavy headache.‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．现在人们比以往更重视食品安全。‎ At present people attach_much_more_importance_to food safety than ever before. ‎ ‎2．在医生的帮助下，我叔叔终于戒烟了。‎ With_the_doctor's_help,_my uncle gave up smoking at last.‎ ‎3．吸烟有害于你的健康。此外，还浪费钱。‎ Smoking_does_harm_to your health. In_addition/Besides,_it's a waste of money. ‎ ‎■子话题(四)　病因、症状、药物与救护 初背：月日　再背：月日 一、必背话题词汇 ‎(一)病因 ‎1．poison n．　　　　　　　　　　 毒药 ‎2．bacterium (pl.bacteria) n. 细菌 ‎3．virus n. 病毒 ‎4．poisonous adj. 有毒的；致命的 ‎5．unfit adj. 不健康的 ‎6．be infected with 传染上 ‎7．suffer from 遭受；患上 ‎8．break down (身体)垮掉 ‎(二)症状 ‎1．symptom n. 症状 ‎2．sneeze vi. 打喷嚏 ‎3．swell vi. 肿胀 ‎4．severe adj. 十分严重的 ‎5．abnormal adj. 反常的 ‎6．acute adj. (病)急性的 ‎7．dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的 ‎8．unconscious adj. 昏迷的；不省人事的 ‎(三)药物与救护 ‎1．capsule n. (药)胶囊 ‎2．herb n. 草药 ‎3．tablet n. 药片 ‎4．clinic n. 诊所 ‎5．ambulance n. 救护车 ‎6．bandage n. 绷带 ‎7．prescription n. 处方 ‎8．ward n. 病房 ‎9．Xray n. X射线；X光 ‎10．treatment n. 治疗；疗法 ‎11．rescue vt. 营救；援救 ‎12．take medicine 吃药 ‎13．free medical service 公费医疗 ‎14．recover from 从……中恢复 ‎15．cure sb. of ... 治愈某人……‎ ‎16．be under medical treatment 在治疗中 ‎17．relieve the pain 减轻痛苦 ‎18．send for a doctor 派人请医生 ‎19．take one's blood pressure 量血压 ‎20．operate on/perform an operation on sb.‎ ‎ 给某人动手术 ‎1．restrain vt.　　　　　　　　　 阻止；抑制 ‎2．resistant adj. (to) 抵抗的；抗……的；耐……的 ‎3．transmit vt. 传播；播送；传递 ‎4．stimulate vt. 刺激；激励 ‎5．torture n．/vt. 拷打；折磨 二、必背话题佳句 ‎1．Do more exercise and have enough sleep, and you will feel relaxed and energetic.‎ 多加锻炼，保证充足的睡眠，你就会感到放松和精力充沛。‎ ‎2．We'd better take part in more outdoor activities instead of sitting in front of TV sets or computers for a long time, which is bad for our health.‎ 我们最好多参加一些户外活动，而不要在电视、电脑前坐很长时间，这对身体有害。‎ ‎3．A lot of students spend much time on study. Therefore, they have no time for rest and sports, which really affects their health.‎ 很多学生在学习上花很多时间，因此没有时间休息和运动，这的确影响了他们的健康。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The virus (病毒) has infected the operating system of his computer.‎ ‎2．One of the common symptoms (症状) of this disease is having a low fever.‎ ‎3．The doctor said that you had acute (急性的) appendicitis (阑尾炎)．‎ ‎4．By the time the ambulance (救护车) arrived, a crowd of onlookers ‎ had gathered.‎ ‎5．And a swift bee stung his hand and it swelled (肿胀) up.‎ ‎6．The leaves of certain trees are poisonous (poison) to cattle.‎ ‎7．She was unconscious (conscious) but her heart was still beating.‎ ‎8．We were very surprised at his abnormal (normal) behavior.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 ‎1．I'm glad that he's now fully recovered_from his stroke.‎ ‎2．The patient was in great danger, so the doctors decided to operate_on him immediately.‎ ‎3．The assistant told the professor that the laboratory animals had been_infected_with the bacteria.‎ ‎4．He broke_down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.‎ ‎5．The old man is seriously ill. Will you please send_for_a_doctor?‎ Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．没什么大问题。吃了这副药，你很快就会好起来的。‎ There's nothing serious. Take_this_medicine_and_you_will_be_fine_soon.‎ ‎2．你最好不要熬夜，而要养成早睡早起的习惯。‎ You'd_better_not_stay_up_late but form the habit of going to bed early and getting up early. ‎ ‎3．你已经超重。到了你该节食减肥的时候了，这将有助于你的健康。‎ You have got overweight. It's time that you were on a diet and reduced weight, which_will_do_good_to_your_health.‎ Topic 1　Healthy eating (Book 3·Unit 2)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] COME AND EAT HERE (1)‎ Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant It had been a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stirfried vegetables and fried rice. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream and delicious fruit. ❸“Nothing could be better，” he thought. Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by.“Hello, Lao Li，” he called. “Your usual？” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something terrible if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.‎ Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a small new restaurant. He saw a sign at the door.‎ Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?‎ Come inside Yong Hui's slimming restaurant.‎ Only slimming foods served here.‎ Make yourself thin again!‎ Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward. “Welcome，” she said. “My name is Yong Hui. I'll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choices ‎ of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his eyes. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he thought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not He had better do some research!‎ At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui's far too little. they were not eating enough energygiving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very quickly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote：‎ Want to feel fit and energetic?‎ Come and eat here! Discounts today!‎ Our food gives you energy all day!‎ The competition between the two restaurants was on!‎ ‎❶现在分词短语作伴随状语 ‎❷过去分词短语作后置定语 ‎❸“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义 ‎❹“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去的推测 ‎❺have sb. doing sth.让某人做某事 ‎❻even though“即使”引导让步状语从句 ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．barbecue vt.& n．　　　　　　 烧烤；烤肉 ‎2．roast adj. 烤制的 vt.& vi. 烤；烘；烘烤 ‎3．obesity n. 过度肥胖 ‎4．vitamin n. 维生素 ‎5．protein n. 蛋白质 ‎6．cooperation n. 合作；协作 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．diet n. 日常饮食 vi. 节食 ‎2．balance vt. 平衡；权衡 n. 天平；平衡 ‎3．fry vi.& vt. 油煎；油炸 ‎4．slim vi. 变细；减肥 adj. 苗条的；纤细的 ‎5．raw adj. 生的；未加工的 ‎6．lie n. 谎话；谎言 vi. 说谎 ‎7．discount n. 折扣 ‎8．consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量 ‎9．digest vi.& vt. 消化 n. 摘要；概要 ‎10．debt n. 债；债务 ‎11．spy vi.& vt. 窥探；秘密监视 n. 间谍；侦探 ‎12．glare vi. 怒目而视；闪耀 n. 怒视；炫目的光 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．curiosity n．好奇心→curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地 ‎2．strength n．强项；长处；力量→strengthen vt.加强；巩固→strong adj.强壮的；坚强的 ‎3．limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度→limited adj.有限的→limitation n．范围；限制 ‎4．benefit n．利益；好处 vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益→beneficial adj.有益的；有利的 ‎5．combine vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合→combination n．联合；结合 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The boy is curiously watching what the old man is doing in the garden and he is always curious about the world outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious)‎ ‎2．David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.So we had better do the work together to strengthen the relationship between us.(strength)‎ ‎3．This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to the people living in this area. For the benefit of more people, we should build more railways.(benefit)‎ ‎4．The states combine with each other, and the combination of the 50 states forms the United States of America.(combine)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．lose_weight 体重减轻；减肥 ‎2．get_away_with 受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚 ‎3．win_..._back 赢回；重新获得 ‎4．earn_one's_living 谋生 ‎5．in_debt 欠债 ‎6．cut_down 削减；删节 ‎7．before_long 不久以后 ‎8．put_on_weight 增加体重 ‎9．glare_at 怒目而视 ‎10．throw_away 扔掉；丢弃 ‎11．tell_a_lie 说谎 ‎12．ought_to 应当；应该 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．If you don't have breakfast and you eat too much at lunch or supper, you are sure to put_on_weight.‎ ‎2．What they are supposed to do is to cut_down government spending.‎ ‎3．However hard you try, it is difficult to lose_weight without cutting down the amount you eat.‎ ‎4．Hans broke up with his girlfriend but he's determined to win her heart back.‎ ‎5．His company is deep in_debt because of his bad management.‎ ‎6．Though Jenny is the best student in study, she shouldn't get_away_with telling a lie.‎ ‎7．For many years, the majority of people in this area earned_their_living as farmers.‎ ‎8．I'm not advising you to throw_away your makeup or forget about your appearance.‎ ‎ [句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．“Nothing could be better，” he thought.‎ 他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”‎ ‎[解读]　否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义。‎ ‎[仿写]　就我个人而言，身体健康最重要。‎ As far as I'm concerned, nothing is_more_important_than_health.‎ ‎2．He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!‎ 他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚！‎ ‎[解读]　not have sb. doing sth.用于否定句中意为“不允许某人做某事”。‎ ‎[仿写]　妈妈要求我多吃水果和蔬菜，但不允许我吃太多的肉。‎ Mother asks me to eat more fruit and vegetables, but can't_have_me_eating_too_much_meat. ‎ ‎3．According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet.‎ 根据我的研究，你我两家所提供的都不是均衡膳食。‎ ‎[解读]　neither ...nor ...意为“既不……也不……”，在句中连接两个相同的成分。‎ ‎[仿写]　他既不吃鱼也不吃肉，他是一个素食者。‎ He eats neither_fish_nor_meat and he is a vegetarian. ‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．balance vt.平衡；权衡 n．天平；平衡；结余；余额 ‎[高考佳句]　He had the rare balance of fun and compassion.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 在有趣的事情和同情上他很少能做到平衡。‎ ‎(1)keep the balance of nature　 保持生态平衡 keep one's balance 保持平衡 lose one's balance 失去平衡 ‎(2)balance sth.against 权衡；斟酌；比较 ‎(3)balanced adj. 保持(或显示)平衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持饮食均衡 ‎①I lost_my_balance and fell on my face.‎ 我失去平衡，脸着地摔倒了。‎ ‎②You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.‎ 你必须权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。‎ ‎③You'd better keep a balanced (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.‎ 为了有益于身体健康你最好保持均衡饮食。‎ ‎[熟词生义]　写出balance在语境中的含义 ‎④I must check my bank balance before I decide to buy the car.余额；余款 ‎2．strength n．[C]长处；强项 [U]力量；体力　[高考佳句]　Besides, Chinese has always been my strength among all the subjects.(2015·四川高考满分作文)‎ 此外，中文一直是我所有课程中的强项。‎ ‎(1)build up one's strength/body　　 强身健体 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 The strength of ... is that ... ……的优点是……‎ ‎(2)strengthen vt. 加强 ‎①It is shown by the research that there are many ways can help us build_up_our_strength/body.‎ 通过研究表明，有很多方式可以帮助我们强身健体。‎ ‎②To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths_and_weaknesses.‎ 为了使队员在比赛中表现得更好，教练首先要了解他们的优点和缺点。‎ ‎③One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen (strength) new memories.(2017·北京高考)‎ 一种观点是睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记忆。‎ ‎3．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度 ‎[经典例句]　 A lack of formal education will limit your job opportunities.‎ 缺少正规教育将会限制你的就业机会。‎ ‎(1)limit ... to ...　　　 把……限制在……内 ‎(2)within the limit of 在……范围内 set a limit to sth. 对……规定限度 there is a/no limit to 对……是有限的/无限的 ‎(3)limited adj. 有限的 be limited to sth. 受限制于……‎ ‎①We must limit the expenses to what we can afford.‎ 我们必须把开销限制在我们能支付的范围内。‎ ‎②There is a limit to one's life, but no limit to serving (serve) the people.‎ 一个人的生命是有限的，但是为人民服务是无限的。‎ ‎③He was born in a poor family, and only received limited (limit) education in his childhood.‎ 他出生在一个贫困家庭中，童年时期仅仅接受了有限的教育。‎ ‎[名师指津]　上述短语中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎4．benefit vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益n.好处；利益；优势 ‎[高考佳句]　The giants' success has benefited consumers. (2017·江苏高考)‎ 这些垄断巨头的成功已经使消费者受益。‎ ‎(1)benefit from/by ...　　　 从……中受益；得益于……‎ ‎(2)for the benefit of 为了……的利益；为了有益于……‎ get benefit from 从……中受益 ‎(3)beneficial adj. 有益的；有利的 be beneficial to ... 对……有益 ‎①You can also revise the knowledge at the same time and you are sure to benefit_from/by it.‎ 与此同时你也复习了知识，你一定会从中获益。‎ ‎②If I am lucky enough to be elected, I will make every effort to serve for_the_benefit__of_students and our club.‎ 如果我有幸当选，我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。‎ ‎③It benefited (benefit) me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.(2014·江西高考书面表达)‎ 课前预习、课堂上积极参与以及课后复习所学知识，让我受益匪浅。‎ ‎[写作联想]　例句③的其他表达方式 ‎①It was of great benefit to me to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.‎ ‎②It was very beneficial to me to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.‎ ‎5．diet n．日常饮食 vi.节食 put sb. on a diet　　　　　　 让某人节食 be/go on a diet 节食 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①In order to be more charming and slimmer, girls tend to go on a diet.‎ ‎②Regular exercise combined with balanced diets (diet) is the healthy recipe for life.‎ ‎③You're overweight, and I'm going to put_you_on_a_diet(让你节食)．‎ ‎6．lie n．谎话；谎言vi.说谎；躺；卧；位于 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①You could see from his expression that he was lying to us.‎ ‎②The cure for stress lies in learning to relax.‎ ‎③The survivors lay (lie) on the beach, exhausted and shocked.‎ ‎④It's no wonder that she lay to the court. lay→lied ‎[名师指津]　lie当“躺；卧；位于”讲时，过去式、过去分词分别是lay, lain。作“说谎”讲时，是规则动词，过去式、过去分词是lied。‎ ‎7．consult vt.& vi.请教；咨询；商量；查阅 consult with sb.　　　　 与某人商量；与某人磋商 consult sb. about sth. 就某事请教/咨询某人 consult a dictionary 查字典 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①Now you had better consult with a physician.‎ ‎②Have you consulted your lawyer about this?‎ ‎③你最好不要每次遇到生词就查字典。‎ You'd better not consult_a_dictionary every time you come across a new word.‎ ‎8．combine vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合 ‎(1)combine to do sth.　　　　　　 联合起来做某事 A combine with B A和B结合起来 combine A and/with B 把A与B相结合 ‎(2)combination n. 结合；联合 in combination with 与……结合 ‎ 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①It was several factors that combined to_harm (harm) our friendship.‎ ‎②He carried on the business in combination with his friends.‎ ‎③如果他能把自己的才能和努力工作结合起来，应该会很有成就。‎ If he can combine_his_ability_and/with_hard_work,_he should be very successful.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Before making the final decision, you'd better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.‎ ‎2．Being a good teacher, you should know your students' strengths (strong) and weaknesses.‎ ‎3．Never take this medicine in combination (combine) with alcohol.‎ ‎4．If you don't feel well, remember to_consult (consult) your doctor before taking any medicine.‎ ‎5．Having_benefited (benefit) from his advice, we all realized that it was wise to ask him for help in time of trouble.‎ ‎6．Tickets are limited (limit) and will be allocated to those who apply first.‎ ‎7．The beautiful lady sat a little straighter and tried to look slimmer (slim) and younger.‎ ‎8．Those who enjoy eating wild animals say that they not only enjoy the taste but also want to satisfy their curiosity (curious)．‎ ‎9．The clothes in this shop will be sold at a discount for season reasons.‎ ‎10．I'm so sorry. I shouldn't have lied_to you. ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．—Would you like some more chicken?‎ ‎—No, thanks. I am at a diet and I'm trying to lose weight.at→on ‎2．The length of the article should be limited 400 words or so.limited后加to ‎3．The fall in interest rates has greatly benefited from these small businesses.去掉from ‎4．Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strength.strength→strengths Ⅲ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．你必须做的是考虑你的优点和缺点分别在哪里。‎ What you must do is consider where your strengths_and_weaknesses_lie.‎ ‎2．现在，自然平衡正在遭到破坏，天气正在变得越来越暖和。‎ Nowadays, the_balance_of_nature_is_being_destroyed and the weather is getting warmer and warmer.‎ ‎3．与老师商量后，我决定主修英语。‎ ‎①After I consulted_with_my_teacher,_I made up my mind to major in English.‎ ‎②Having_consulted_with_my_teacher,_I made up my mind to major in English.(分词作状语)‎ ‎4．我个人看来，图书馆应该购买一些科普类图书和文学类图书，因为它们对我们很有益。(2014·浙江高考书面表达)‎ ‎①From my point of view, our library should buy some popular science ‎ books and literary books because they are_of_great_benefit_to_us.(benefit n．)‎ ‎②From my point of view, our library should buy some popular science books and literary books because they_are_very_beneficial_to_us.(beneficial adj.)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．get away with受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚 ‎[经典例句]　Watch Frank — he'll cheat if he thinks he can get away with it.‎ 看着弗兰克——他逮到机会就会作弊。‎ get sth. across (to sb.) 将(想法、信息等)传达(给某人)；‎ ‎ 使理解；把……表达清楚 get away (from)　　　 (从……)脱离；逃脱(……)‎ get along/on with 与……相处 get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真地做某事 get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来 get through 完成；接通电话；通过 ‎①There are lots of different ways to get_your_message_across_when you are putting together an ad campaign.‎ 当你组织一场广告宣传活动时，有许多不同的方式可用来传递讯息。‎ ‎②It's hard to get_down_to work after a nice holiday.‎ 愉快的假期过后，很难一下子投入工作中。‎ ‎③If we can get_over present difficulties, then everything should be all right.‎ 如果我们能克服目前的困难，那么一切都应该会好起来。‎ ‎2．cut down削减；删节；减少；砍倒；降低；杀死或杀伤(某人)；夺去……的生命 ‎[教材原句]　In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre ‎ in the meal.‎ 这样，他们减少了饭菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纤维素。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中cut down的含义 ‎①Every one of us can make a great effort to cut down the use of energy in our country.减少；削减 ‎②Immediate actions should be taken, like stopping cutting down trees, to better the environment.砍倒 ‎③Hunger, cold and illness have cut down many of the villagers.杀死；夺去……的生命 cut in　　　　　 插话；让某人分享利润 cut up 切碎；砍碎 cut out 删除；裁剪 cut through 开辟(出路或通道)‎ cut off 切断；中止；隔绝；剥夺继承权 ‎④We were_cut_off_in the middle of our telephone conversation because my cellphone was out of power.‎ 我们在电话里谈到一半，电话就中断了，因为我的手机没电了。‎ ‎⑤It is bad manners for you to always cut_in when other people are talking.‎ 别人谈话时你老是插嘴是不礼貌的。‎ ‎3．“Nothing could be better，” he thought.‎ 他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”　‎ 本句中否定词nothing与比较级better连用，表示最高级的含义。‎ 表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：‎ ‎(1)否定词＋比较级“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等 ‎ ‎①It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier ‎ (happy) than I was.‎ 直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福了。‎ ‎②Tom is taller than any other student in our class.‎ 汤姆是我们班最高的学生。‎ ‎③—Must I turn off the gas after cooking?‎ ‎—Of course. You can_never_be_too_careful with that.‎ ‎——做完饭后我必须关上煤气吗？‎ ‎——当然，在用煤气方面越小心越好。‎ ‎4．He could not_have Yong Hui getting_away_with telling people lies!‎ 他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚！‎ have sb. doing sth.用于否定句中意为“不允许某人做某事”。‎ ‎①I am your teacher so I won't have you smoking (smoke) at your age.‎ 我是你的老师，我不允许你在这个年纪就抽烟。‎ have sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人做某事/让某事发生 ‎ (动作持续)(肯定句)‎ have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 have sth. done 让别人做某事；完成某事；‎ ‎ 遭遇不幸的事 have sth. to do 有事情要做(不定式作定语)‎ ‎②It is not a good idea to have the machine running (run) all the time.‎ 让机器不停地运转不是个好主意。‎ ‎③—Can you go to watch the football match with me tonight?‎ ‎—Sorry, but I have an important meeting to_attend (attend)．‎ ‎——今天晚上你和我一起去看足球赛好吗？‎ ‎——对不起，我有个重要的会议要参加。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用get的短语填空 ‎①Now let's get_down_to business, otherwise our boss would shout at us.‎ ‎②Every now and then I like to spend a few days in the country to get_away_from the noise and pollution of London.‎ ‎③The policeman can't have the thief getting_away_with stealing people's money.‎ ‎④The man returned to work after he got_over his illness.‎ ‎⑤Our line can get very busy, but please keep trying and you will soon get_through.‎ ‎2．用cut 的相关短语完成下面语段 Because of the terrible earthquake, the electricity of the city ①was_cut_off (被中断) and the roads to the outside were blocked. People in the disaster area tried to ②cut_through(从……中开辟出路) the woods. The rescue team helped them ③cut_down (砍倒) the trees and ④cut_them_up (砍碎) for firewood. Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.‎ Ⅱ.对比填空 ‎1．这本书对我影响最大。‎ ‎②No_other_book has a greater effect on me than this one.‎ ‎2．①I have a lot of work to_do (do) today, so I have no time to spare.‎ ‎②“Tom, do you have anything to_be_washed (wash)？” asked the mother.‎ ‎3．①It is not polite to have your guest waiting (wait) all the time.‎ ‎②The boy broke the school rules and the teacher had him stand (stand)‎ ‎ outside the classroom.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①我们都知道，没有什么比健康更珍贵。‎ As we all know, nothing is more_precious_than_health.‎ ‎②在我们的日常生活中，保持学习和娱乐相平衡很重要。‎ In our daily life, it is very important to keep_balance_between_study_and_pleasure.‎ ‎③均衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼可以帮助我们保持健康。‎ A_balanced_diet and regular exercise can help us keep healthy.‎ ‎④很多人经常熬夜看电视或玩电脑游戏。‎ A great many people often stay_up_watching_TV or playing computer games.‎ ‎⑤为了保持健康，我们应该减少上网的时间。‎ In order to keep fit, we should cut_down the time spent in surfing the Internet.‎ ‎⑥要求(上网)时间应该限定在一天三个小时。‎ It's required that the time_(should)_be_limited_to_three hours a day.‎ ‎⑦为了有益于我们的健康，我们应该多做运动，拥有足够的睡眠。‎ For_the_benefit_of_our_health,_we should do more exercise and have enough sleep.‎ ‎⑧这将有利于我们身心健康。‎ This will_benefit_us both physically and mentally.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用“of＋n.”升级句②‎ In_our_daily_life,_it_is_of_great ‎ importance_to_keep_balance_between_study_and_pleasure.‎ ‎ (2)用非限制性定语从句合并句⑦和句⑧‎ For_the_benefit_of_our_health,_we_should_do_more_exercise_and_have_enough_sleep,_which_will_benefit_us_both_physically_and_mentally.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇： meanwhile, however, in addition)‎ As we all know, nothing is more precious than health. In our daily life, it is of great importance to keep balance between study and pleasure. Meanwhile, a balanced diet and regular exercise can help us keep healthy. However, a great many people often stay up watching TV or playing computer games. In order to keep fit, we should cut down the time spent in surfing the Internet. It's required that the time (should) be limited to three hours a day. In addition, for the benefit of our health, we should do more exercise and have enough sleep, which will benefit us both physically and mentally.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句 ‎[本单元突破点——含从句和不定式作目的状语的复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui's food, they were not eating enough energygiving food to keep them fit！‎ even though引导让步状语从句，主句是“they were not eating ...food”；“to keep them fit”作目的状语。‎ Moldovan已经在意大利给孩子和老人当护理七年了，但为了能够继续在这里待下去，她将不得不参加语言测试，这种测试要求她给一位想象的朋友写一张明信片，并给一个虚构的求职广告写封回信。‎ 真题长难句 The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the ‎“in order to stay”在but 引导的分句中作目的状语，‎ ‎ elderly, but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.‎ ‎(2017·6月浙江高考阅读理解C)‎ ‎“which requires her ... answer a fictional job ad”为定语从句，先行词是a test。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 酒 ‎377‎ ‎8分钟 ‎(2018·河南郑州市高三第三次质量预测)‎ Dear Alcohol，‎ You've been around forever. I can remember all the pain you've caused me.‎ Do you remember the night when you almost took my father's life? I do. He loves you. Sometimes I think he loves you more than he loves me. He's addicted to you, to the way you promise to rid him of his problems only to cause more of them. You just sat back and laughed as his car went turning through the street, crashing into two other cars. He wasn't the only one badly hurt by you that night.‎ Do you remember the night of my first high school party? My friends were_intrigued_by you. They treated you as if they were never going to see you again, drinking all of you that they could. I spent two hours that night helping my friends who had fallen head over heels for you. “I'm ‎ so embarrassed，” they said as I held their hair back so that they could throw up.“I'm sorry，” they said when I called taxis for them, walking them out and paying the driver in advance. “This won't happen again，” they said as they were sent to the hospital to have their stomachs pumped. Two 15yearold girls slept in hospital beds that night due to you.‎ Do you remember the night when you took advantage of my 17yearold neighbor who had to drive to pick up his sister from her dance lesson? Do you know how we all felt when he hit another car headon and killed two people in the other car? He died the next morning, too. His sister walked home from her dance lesson, and passed police cars and a crowd of people gathering on the sidewalk just two blocks away from the dance studio. She didn't realize her brother was among them at all. She never saw him again. And it was all your fault.‎ I wish you'd walk out of my life forever. I don't want anything to do with you. Look at all the pain you've caused. Sure, you've made people happy too from time to time. But the damage you've caused in the lives of millions is not excusable. Stop attracting the people I love! Stop hurting me, please!‎ Sincerely，‎ Me ‎1．What did Alcohol do to the author's father that night?‎ A．It made him drunk and took his life away.‎ B．It made him kill two other people when he was driving.‎ C．It got him into a car accident and badly injured.‎ D．It got him into trouble and got his stomach pumped.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“You just sat back and laughed as his car went turning through the street, crashing into two other cars. He wasn't the only one badly hurt by you that night.”可知，作者的父亲因为酒驾而出了车祸，受伤严重，故选C。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined phrase “were intrigued by” probably mean in the letter?‎ A．were interested in　 　B．were satisfied with C．were familiar with D．were disappointed by 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句“They treated you as if they were never going to see you again, drinking all of you that they could.”可推知，作者的同学们迷恋酒而不能自拔，由此可推知画线词汇的意思是“感兴趣，迷恋”，故选A。‎ ‎3．What is the author's purpose of writing this letter?‎ A．To warn people not to drive after drinking.‎ B．To persuade people to get away from alcohol.‎ C．To tell people three sad stories about alcohol.‎ D．To warn people against the pain caused by alcohol.‎ 解析：选B　写作意图题。根据文章第一段和最后一段的内容，尤其是最后一段的“Stop attracting the people I love! Stop hurting me, please！”可推知，作者通过讲述三个关于酒的悲剧故事就是要劝说人们远离酒，珍爱生命，故选B。‎ ‎4．How was the author feeling while writing this letter?‎ A．Shocked. B．Responsible.‎ C．Disappointed. D．Sorrowful.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段“You've been around forever. I can remember all the pain you've caused me.”和最后一段的最后一句“Stop hurting me, please！”可推知，作者写这封信的语气是沉痛的，控告酒的罪恶，故选D。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 吃过多甜食有害健康 ‎289‎ ‎6分钟 ‎(2018·内蒙古包头市学业水平测试与评估)‎ We live in a sweet world. The average American kid consumes more than ‎ 20 teaspoons of sugar per day, and adults eat 50% more sugar today than they did in the 1970s. We all know that too much sugar isn't good for you. But did we know it could be dangerous? A team of researchers at the University of Utah used mice to conduct a study on the negative effects of sugar. They found it could have serious effects on people's health.‎ Sugar is found not only in sweets, but also in many other items like bread and noodles.‎ During the 58weeklong study, mice were fed a diet containing 25% more sugar. This percentage equals a healthy human diet along with three cans of soda daily. The team found that these mice were twice as likely to die as mice fed a similar diet without the sugar. Though the mice did not show signs of obesity or high blood pressure, male mice produced 25% fewer offspring (幼崽，后代) than the other mice.‎ Scientists often use mice for research because they have a similar genetic (基因) structure to humans. “Since most substances that are dangerous in mice are also dangerous in people, it's likely that those physical problems that cause those mice to have increased deaths also work in people，” says James Ruff of the University of Utah. Findings from this study reveal negative effects that are not as noticeable as heart problems. Sugar can contribute to longterm changes in the body that can change development and even shorten lives.‎ Cutting sugar out of the American diet altogether may be difficult. But making the effort to control our nation's sugar desire will provide for a truly sweeter future.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。很多美国人都爱吃甜食。但是最近美国犹他大学的研究者发现，摄入过多的糖分有害健康。这为爱吃甜食的人们敲响了警钟。‎ ‎5．The study conducted by researchers aimed at learning about ________.‎ A．the advantages and disadvantages of sugar B．the negative effects of sugar on people's health C．the genetic structure of mice D．Americans' eating habit 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“A team of researchers ... effects on people's health.”可知，研究者们进行研究是为了了解糖分对人体健康造成的负面影响。故选B。‎ ‎6．According to the study, which of the following statements is WRONG?‎ A．Sugar can even shorten lives.‎ B．Sugar's negative effects are not noticeable.‎ C．Eating sugar can make mice put on weight and get high blood pressure.‎ D．Mice are more likely to die when fed a diet containing 25% more sugar.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，糖分可以长时间作用于人体，摄入过多甚至会缩短寿命，所以A项正确；根据第四段第三句可知，糖分对人体的负面影响没有那么显著，所以B项正确；根据第三段第一句和第三句可知，老鼠吃了含糖量超过25%的食物更有可能会死亡，所以D项正确；根据第三段最后一句可知，吃糖不一定会使老鼠的体重增加或引起高血压，所以C项不正确。故选C。‎ ‎7．From the passage we can infer ________.‎ A．sugar plays a very important role in Americans' diet B．kids consume more sugar than adults in America C．sugar contributes to high blood pressure D．the genetic structure of mice is totally different from that of people 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句及最后一段第一句可推知，糖在美国人的饮食中起很大的作用。故选A。‎ ‎8．What's the best title of the passage?‎ A．Living a sweet life B．Kids consume much more sugar C．Genetic structure of humans D．Danger of too much sugar 解析：选D　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了最近美国犹他大学的最新研究成果：摄入过多的糖分有害健康。这为爱吃甜食的人们敲响了警钟。D项概括了文章主旨，故D项为本文标题最佳。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2017·天津高考)At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to __1__ bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of __2__ but nothing worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my __3__.‎ When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me __4__. I didn't want to live the rest of my life with this __5__ weight any more.‎ That year, I __6__ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A seminar leader shared her __7__ story — she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.‎ ‎__8__ by her story, I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the World Heals __9__. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 __10__ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world __11__ me as the perfect solution.‎ ‎__12__ I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would __13__ the same difficulties that beat me before. While the __14__ hung over my head, there were also signs that I was headed down the right __15__. I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began __16__ in from hundreds of people.‎ Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician (内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and __17__ meals. My fundraising focus also gave me new ‎ motivation to exercise __18__.‎ A year later, I __19__ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is __20__ and enormous.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者一直想减肥，但是都没有成功。后来作者又开始减肥，但是这次的目的不同：减肥的同时，为流浪儿童募捐。以这个目标为动力，作者终于减肥成功并做了一件有意义的事。‎ ‎1．A.add B．mix C．kill D．share 解析：选C　根据下文中的“to make myself feel better”可知，作者用食物消除(kill)自己的负面情绪。add“增加”，mix“混合”，share“分享”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎2．A.diets B．drinks C．fruits D．dishes 解析：选A　作者担心自己的健康，为了控制饮食和体重试过许多种节食(diets)的办法。drinks“饮料”，fruits“水果”，dishes“菜肴”，都不符合语境。‎ ‎3．A.height B．ability ‎ C．wisdom D．weight 解析：选D　作者担忧自己的健康问题，但许多节食办法都没用，于是觉得对自己的体重(weight)没办法了。‎ ‎4．A.temporarily B．recently C．seriously D．secretly 解析：选C　作者50岁的时候，体重问题更加突出，严重地(seriously)影响作者的健康。temporarily“暂时地”，recently“最近”，secretly“秘密地”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎5．A.ideal B．extra ‎ C．normal D．low 解析：选B　上文说到作者饱受自己体重问题的困扰，因此这里用形容词extra表示“额外的”，作者决心要开始甩掉身上多余的肉。‎ ‎6．A.attended B．organized C．recommended D．mentioned 解析：选A　此处应该用动词attended与seminar(培训会)搭配，表示作者参加了一个培训会。‎ ‎7．A.folk B．success ‎ C．adventure D．science 解析：选B　培训会的一个领导者讲述自己不仅减重125磅，还为流浪儿童募集了两万五千美元，这是一个成功(success)的故事。folk“民谣”，adventure“冒险”，science“科学”，都不符合语境。‎ ‎8．A.Surprised B．Amused C．Influenced D．Disturbed 解析：选C　作者受到这个领导者的故事的影响(Influenced)，创办了一个项目。surprised“使惊奇”，amused“逗笑”，disturbed“打扰”，都不符合语境。‎ ‎9．A.project B．business C．system D．custom 解析：选A　这是作者创办的一个项目，因此用名词project表示“项目，方案”，“project”在下文多处被提到。‎ ‎10．A.in search of B．in need of C．in place of D．in support of 解析：选D　作者的目标是减重150磅并募集五万美元来支持一项开始于30年前的旨在消除饥饿的运动，因此用in support of表示“支持”。in search of“寻找”；in need of“需要”；in place of“代替”。‎ ‎11．A.scared B．considered C．confused D．struck 解析：选D　把个人的减肥与帮助解决世界问题结合起来，这让作者觉得这是完美的解决办法，动词strike可以表示“(以某种方式)给某人留下印象”，因此选D。‎ ‎12．A.As B．Until C．If D．Unless 解析：选A　as引导时间状语从句表示“当……的时候”，这里说的是当作者开始实施自己的减肥计划的时候，又担心这次会遇到(run into)和以前减肥中一样的困难。‎ ‎13．A.get over B．run into C．look for D．put aside 解析：选B　run into表示“遇到”，与后面的difficulties呼应，表示“遇到困难”。‎ ‎14．A.excitement B．joy C．anger D．fear 解析：选D　上文提到作者的担心，害怕会遇到先前的那些困难，因此选D表示“害怕”。‎ ‎15．A.row B．hall C．path D．street 解析：选C　while引导让步状语从句表示“尽管”，这里表示作者觉得自己这次走在正确的道路(path)上，因此选C。‎ ‎16．A.breaking B．flooding C．jumping D．stepping 解析：选B　这里表示捐款大量涌来，flood在此用作动词表示“涌进”，符合语境。‎ ‎17．A.heavy B．full C．expensive D．healthy 解析：选D　这里说的是作者饮食的变化，吃得少，而且吃得很健康(healthy)。吃得很多(heavy)，吃得很饱(full)，吃的东西很贵(expensive)，都不符合语境。‎ ‎18．A.regularly B．limitlessly C．suddenly D．randomly 解析：选A　作者经常锻炼，regularly表示“有规律地，经常地”。‎ ‎19．A.set B．reached C．missed D．dropped 解析：选B　这里说的是作者一年之后实现(reached)了自己先前设定的目标，因此选B。‎ ‎20. A．stressful B．painful C．meaningful D．peaceful 解析：选C　作者在这里发出感悟，自己在减肥的同时做了一件有意义而又伟大的事，因此选C。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·湖南省六校联盟高三联考)Have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after you eat bread, pasta or fruit? Do you find that you are more energetic and awake after eating yogurt or beans? These things are not accidents. Food affects __1__ we feel more than we think. Scientists researching __2__ (it) effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat.‎ Although our moods relate __3__ having various food, it is not quite as simple as choosing the food for the right occasions. If that __4__ (be) the case, athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race.‎ Another chemical __5__ (connect) with our moods is caffeine, which __6__ (find) in coffee, chocolate and many types of tea, and it is perhaps __7__ worst thing you can have when you are feeling stressed.‎ Of course, __8__ (enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.‎ Most __9__ (important), though, remember the following old rule: try to eat different food, __10__ not too much.‎ 语篇解读：科学研究表明，我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因此，我们要尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。‎ ‎1．how　分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，由“we feel more than we think”可知，从句不缺成分；结合语境可以判断，应用疑问副词how引导该从句。‎ ‎2．its　由名词effect可知，应用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎3．to　relate to为固定搭配，意为“和……有关系”。‎ ‎4．were　根据该句中的“athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race”可知，该句为虚拟语气，表示对现在情况的虚拟，故从句谓语动词用过去式were。‎ ‎5．connected　chemical和connect为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。‎ ‎6．is found　此处which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为caffeine，和find之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。‎ ‎7．the　根据空后的形容词最高级worst可知，空处应用the。‎ ‎8．enjoying　分析该句结构可知，此处为动名词短语在句中作主语。‎ ‎9．importantly　空处修饰全句，故用副词形式。‎ ‎10．but/yet　根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。‎ Topic 2　First aid (Book 5·Unit 5)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] FIRST AID FOR BURNS The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is and it gives you your sense of touch. So if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.‎ Causes of burns You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity ‎ or chemicals.‎ Types of burns There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, ‎·First degree burns　These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.‎ ‎·Second degree burns　These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.‎ ‎·Third degree burns　These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.‎ Characteristics of burns First degree burns ‎·dry, red and mildly swollen ‎·mildly painful ‎·turn white Second degree burns ‎·rough, red and swollen ‎·blisters ‎·watery surface ‎·extremely painful Third degree burns ‎·black and white and charred ‎ ‎·swollen; often tissue under them can be seen ‎·little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge ‎ of injured area.‎ First aid treatment ‎1　Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.‎ ‎2　Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. (The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.) Do not put cold water on third degree burns.‎ ‎3　For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad. For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.‎ ‎4　Dry the burned area gently. Do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.‎ ‎5　Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin. Hold the bandage in place with tape. Never put butter, oil or ointment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.‎ ‎6　If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. If burns are on the face, the victim should sit up.‎ ‎7　If the injuries are second or third degree burns, ‎❶where引导表语从句 ‎❷as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语 ‎❸现在分词短语作方式状语 ‎❹省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句 ‎❺it is vital to do sth.“做某事是至关重要的”‎ ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．barrier n．　　　　　　 屏障；障碍(物)‎ ‎2．radiation n. 辐射；射线 ‎3．bandage n. 绷带 ‎4．ambulance n. 救护车 ‎5．infection n. 传染；传染病；感染 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．aid n．& vt.　　　　　 帮助；援助；资助 ‎2．temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的 ‎3．complex adj. 复杂的 ‎4．squeeze vt.& vi. 榨；挤；压榨 ‎5．vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的 ‎6．pour vt.& vi. 倒；灌；注；涌 ‎7．ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节 ‎8．symptom n. 症状；征兆 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．injury n．损伤；伤害→injure vt.损伤；伤害；使受伤→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 ‎2．bleed vi.& vt.流血→bled/bled (过去式/过去分词)→blood n．血液 ‎3．poison n．毒药；毒害vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的 ‎4．variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→various adj.各种各样的→vary v．改变；使多样化 ‎5．mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地 ‎6．swell vi.& vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→swelled/swollen(过去式/过去分词)→swollen adj.肿胀的；(河水)上涨的 ‎7．tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地 ‎8．firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly_adv.坚固地；稳定地 ‎9．bravery n．勇敢；勇气→brave adj.勇敢的 ‎10．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待→treatment n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇 ‎11．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请 ‎12．pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)→press v．挤压；压迫 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The guests were quite satisfied with the treat because they were well treated there.(treat)‎ ‎2．I don't know why so many applicants have handed in their applications to apply for such an easy job.(apply)‎ ‎3．The brave boys were rewarded with medals for their bravery in the earthquake.(brave)‎ ‎4．People study yoga for a variety of reasons, and there are various ways of solving the problem.(variety)‎ ‎5．He was injured again in the game and the injury seemed very serious.(injury)‎ ‎6．The river is swollen with the heavy rain. My ankles tend to swell when the rain season comes.(swell)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．first_aid　　　　　　 (对伤患者的)急救 ‎2．fall_ill 生病 ‎3．electric_shock 触电；电休克 ‎4．take_off 脱下；起飞；突然成功 ‎5．squeeze_out 榨出；挤出 ‎6．over_and_over_again 反复；多次 ‎7．in_place 在适当的位置；适当 ‎8．a_number_of 若干；许多 ‎9．put_one's_hands_on 找到 ‎10．make_a_difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．A_number_of guests who came from home and abroad attended their wedding.‎ ‎2．The old have been squeezed_out of the job market by young people.‎ ‎3．Arriving in London, she suddenly fell_ill because she couldn't bear the changeable weather.‎ ‎4．I hope you will put all your books in_place.‎ ‎5．It isn't what you have done but what you will do that makes_a_difference.‎ ‎6．I've told you over_and_over_again not to do that but you won't listen.‎ ‎7．I'm afraid I can't put_my_hands_on the books you want.‎ ‎8．My writing career took_off when I discovered my own style.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.‎ 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。‎ ‎[解读]　unless“如果不；除非”，引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　众所周知，除非你经常锻炼，否则身体不会健康。‎ It is known to all that unless_you_exercise_regularly,_you won't keep fit.‎ ‎2．John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.‎ 约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了尖叫声。‎ ‎[解读]　be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时(突然)……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　我们正在吃饭，这时突然发生了火灾。‎ We were_having dinner when a fire broke out.‎ ‎3．There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.‎ 毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。‎ ‎[解读]　There's no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　毫无疑问，懂得一些急救知识非常重要。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that it is very important to know some first aid knowledge.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助 ‎[教材原句]　First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.‎ 急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人给予临时性的帮助。‎ ‎(1)give sb. first aid　　　　　 对某人进行急救 with the aid of 在……的帮助下 come/go to one's aid/help 帮助某人 ‎(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面帮助某人 aid sb.with sth. 以某事/某物帮助某人 aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎①I couldn't speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.‎ 我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。‎ ‎②The moment he saw the poor little boy on TV, he determined to aid_him_in_continuing his study.‎ 在电视上一看到这个可怜的小男孩，他就决定要帮助他继续他的学业。‎ ‎2．vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的 ‎[高考佳句]　What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do ‎ not think it vital to obey traffic rules.(2015·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 更糟糕的是，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人认为遵守交通规则不重要。‎ be vital for/to sth.　　　 对……极为重要 It is vital that ... ……是极重要的 It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要 ‎①Enough sleep is vital for/to the students' wellbeing and health.‎ 充足的睡眠对学生的身心健康是非常重要的。‎ ‎②If we are to make a difference in life, it's vital that we (should)_begin (begin) with small things.(2014·湖北高考短文写作)‎ 如果我们想要在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。‎ ‎[名师指津]　在句型“It is vital that ...”中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎3．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待 ‎[教材原句]　John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.‎ 约翰用这些东西处理斯莱德女士手上最严重的伤口。‎ ‎(1)treat sb. as ...　　　　　 把某人当……对待 treat sth. seriously 认真对待某事/某物 treat sb./oneself to 用……款待某人/自己 ‎(2)It's my treat. 我请客。‎ ‎①Drink driving should be_treated_as a crime whether the driver causes a crash or not.‎ 酒后驾驶应该被当作犯罪对待，不管司机是否造成交通事故。‎ ‎②The origin of value is a problem that should not be neglected but treated_seriously.‎ 价值来源是一个需要严肃对待和不容忽视的问题。‎ ‎③I'll treat you to lunch at the restaurant in front of our school.‎ 我将请你在我们学校前面的餐馆吃午饭。‎ ‎4．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；有效 ‎[教材原句]　He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.‎ 他按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。‎ ‎(1)apply ... to ...　　　　 把……运用到……中；‎ ‎ 把……涂到……上 apply to ... 适应……；适用于……‎ apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请……‎ apply oneself to 集中精力于；专心 ‎(2)applicant n. 申请人 application n. 申请；申请书；适用 ‎①If you want to_apply_for membership, you are required to fill in the application form.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)‎ 如果你想申请会员资格，你需要填写申请表。‎ ‎②You must be aware that this rule cannot be_applied_to every case.‎ 你必须明白这项规则不是所有情况都适用。‎ ‎③You will pass your exams only if you really apply yourself (you) to your study.‎ 你只有专心学习，考试才能及格。‎ ‎5．squeeze vt.& vi.榨；挤；压榨 单句语法填空 ‎①I squeezed myself into a crowded bus with great difficulty.‎ ‎②Tom took off his wet clothes and squeezed the water out.‎ ‎6．pour vt.& vi.倒；灌；注；涌；不断涌向；下大雨 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①The rain continued to pour down,_so we didn't go outing.‎ ‎②Some students often pour out their trouble to their teachers.‎ ‎③你现在一定渴了，我给你倒了一杯啤酒。‎ You must be thirsty now. I have_poured_a_glass_of_beer for you.‎ ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．There's no denying that the attack did a severe injury (injure) to his reputation.‎ ‎2．The new technology, if applied (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.‎ ‎3．These men made themselves famous for their courage and bravery (brave)．‎ ‎4．Don't put so much pressure (press) on the children. It's harmful to their health.‎ ‎5．They have poured thousands of pounds into developing the business.‎ ‎6．With the aid of our teacher, we finished the experiment successfully.‎ ‎7．I received your email last week, but I am busy preparing for my final exam, which is vital to me, so I didn't reply to you without delay.‎ ‎8．Men and women must be_treated (treat) equally in education and employment.‎ ‎9．Would you help me (to)_squeeze (squeeze) the water out of my wet clothes?‎ ‎10．When he got up from the ground, he found his knee bleeding (bleed)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Under the aid of our English teacher, we have made great progress this term. Under→With ‎2．It was poured with rain so I accepted his offer of a lift. poured→pouring ‎3．It is clearly stated that these regulations apply for everyone in the community, without exception.for→to ‎4．Little Tom, who got burned while he was setting off fireworks, is treated in hospital now. is后加being ‎5．It's vital that a successful movie pays much attention to its theme and the figures' characters.pays→pay ‎6．The lake has more than 20 variety fish.variety→varieties Ⅲ.补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．一个人立刻冲向那位姑娘给予急救，我也毫不犹豫地加入这一行列。‎ A man immediately rushed to the girl to_give_her_first_aid and I joined in without hesitation.‎ ‎2．得知您正在组织一项在全世界范围内分享图书的活动，我写信想申请它，因为我热爱读书，同时我拥有大量图书。(2015·重庆高考写作)‎ Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am_writing_to_apply_for_it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.‎ ‎3．她希望被当作一个普通的女孩子来对待。‎ She wishes to_be_treated_as nothing more than a common girl.‎ ‎4．重要的是我们应从失败中吸取教训。正如谚语所说，“失败乃成功之母。”(2014·福建高考书面表达)‎ ‎①What's_vital_is_that we should learn something from failure. Just as the saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.”(主语从句)‎ ‎②It's_vital_that_we_(should)_learn something from failure. Just as the saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.”(it作形式主语)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．in place在适当的位置；适当 ‎[经典例句]　Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.‎ 首先，我把散落在屋子里的所有书、报纸和其他东西收拾起来，并把它们放在适当的位置。‎ ‎(1)out of place　　　　　　　 不在适当位置；不合适 in place of 代替；取代 in the first place 首先；第一 ‎(2)take place 发生 take one's place 就座；代替 take the place of 代替；取代 ‎①In_the_first_place,_with my experience in teaching for more than ten years, I'm qualified for the job.‎ 首先，凭借十多年的教学经验，我能胜任这项工作。‎ ‎②The manager will be away on business and I'll take his place (＝take_the_place_of_him) during his absence.‎ 经理将要出差，他不在时我将代替他。‎ ‎2．make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 ‎[经典例句]　Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.‎ 只有我们言行一致才能对所要做的事情有所贡献。‎ ‎(1)make a difference to　　 对……有作用/有影响 make some/no/little difference (to ...) (对……)有/没有作用或影响 ‎(2)tell the difference (between ... and ...)‎ ‎ 辨别/区分(……与……)‎ ‎①It makes_no_difference_to me whether he comes here or not.‎ 他来不来这里对我没有影响。‎ ‎②The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell_the_difference between them.‎ 这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难区分开来。‎ ‎3．John was_studying in his room when he heard screaming.‎ 约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了尖叫声。‎ be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时(突然)……”，when 为并列连词，表示“这时”，相当于and at this/that time。‎ ‎①Last Monday, I was_walking (walk) in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.‎ 上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。‎ be about to do ...when ... 正要做……这时(突然)……‎ be on the point of doing ...when ... 正要做……这时(突然)……‎ had just done ...when ... 刚做完……这时(突然)……‎ ‎②I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.‎ ‎→I was_on_the_point_of_giving_up_when my best friend encouraged me to go on.‎ 我正要放弃，这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。‎ ‎③I had_just_finished my exam paper when the bell rang.‎ 我刚做完试卷，这时铃响了。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用place短语填空 ‎1．You'd better put things back in_place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.‎ ‎2．We want another girl to take_the_place_of her.‎ ‎→We want another girl in_place_of her.‎ ‎3．Some of these books are out_of_place,_making the whole room messy.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．我去书店的路上，在一个十字路口等绿灯，这时一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆驶过的车撞倒了，车辆迅速开走了。‎ I was on my way to the bookstore and was_waiting_for_the_green_light_at_a_crossing_when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly.‎ ‎2．幸运的是，老师觉察到了我的问题，告诉我每件小事情都能产生重大影响。(2014·湖北高考满分作文)‎ Luckily my teacher sensed my problem, telling me that every small thing can make_a_big_difference.‎ ‎3．除非被邀请，否则我不会参加她的婚礼的。‎ I won't attend her wedding unless_I_am_invited.‎ ‎4．他们刚走了三英里，突然意识到他们的身份证忘在家里了。‎ They had_just_covered_three_miles_when they realized they had left their IDs at home.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①今天凌晨，所有的人还在熟睡，一座大楼突然起火。‎ Early this morning, all the people were sound asleep when a building was_on_fire.‎ ‎②人们从睡梦中惊醒，惊慌失措。‎ People were woken from sleep, and they were frightened and in_a_panic.‎ ‎③有人被挤伤，有人被火烧伤。‎ Some people got injured because of being_squeezed;_some got_burned in the fire.‎ ‎④很多人因吸入浓烟而昏倒。‎ A large number of people fell_unconscious because they breathed in thick smoke.‎ ‎⑤医护人员及时赶到，给他们实施急救。‎ The medical workers came just in time to give_them_first_aid.‎ ‎⑥消防员一次又一次地进入燃烧的大楼救人。‎ The firefighters entered the burning building over_and_over_again to rescue people.‎ ‎⑦在消防员的努力下，大火被扑灭。‎ With the firefighters' efforts, the fire was_put_out.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用形容词作状语升级句②‎ People_were_woken_from_sleep,_frightened_and_in_a_panic.‎ ‎ (2)用while升级句③‎ Some_people_got_injured_because_of_being_squeezed,_while_some_got_burned_in_the_fire.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：still, fortunately, finally)‎ Early this morning, all the people were sound asleep when a building was on fire. People were woken from sleep, frightened and in a panic. Some people got injured because of being squeezed, while some got burned in the fire. Still a large number of people fell unconscious because they breathed in thick smoke. Fortunately, the medical workers came just in time to give them first aid. The firefighters entered the burning building over and over again to rescue people. Finally, with the firefighters' efforts, the fire was put out.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句　‎ ‎[本单元突破点——并列句＋定语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives.‎ but连接的并列句表转折， 在第二分句中，when引导定语从句。‎ Hannah开始考虑她如何提供帮助，但是去解决无家可归这样的问题，一个只有五岁大的孩子能做的并不多。‎ 真题长难句 Hannah started to think about how she could help, but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyear‎ but连接的并列句表转折， 在第二分句中，“one fiveyearold can do”是定语从句，先行词是a lot。‎ old can do to solve (解决) the problem of homelessness.(2017·北京高考完形填空)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 拔火罐 ‎339‎ ‎8分钟 ‎(2018·山东省部分重点中学第一次调研联考)‎ If you followed the 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including US swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises on their bodies. These bruises were the result of “cupping (拔火罐) therapy”， a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2,000 years.‎ Many athletes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another US swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “it really helps with blood flow”．‎ However, some have said that the supposed health effects result from people's feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment.‎ To figure out cupping therapy has any physical effect, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a false treatment was provided.‎ In the study, the same type of cups was used in the real treatment and the false treatment. But in the false treatment, the cups had a hole ‎ at the top so that they couldn't create the proper suction (吸力)．‎ The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that caused a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or “soft cupping”. But they were not informed that the socalled “soft cupping” was a false treatment.‎ It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain. “The results suggest the effects of cupping therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself，” the researchers told the Live Science website.‎ The question of whether cupping therapy works still needs to be answered.“But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people, the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle changing，” Dr Brent Bauer, director of the US Complementary and Integrative Medicine Program at Mayo Clinic, told Live Science.‎ ‎1．Why is Michael Phelps mentioned in the passage?‎ A．To give athletes a new way to swim faster.‎ B．To provide athletes with a new way of treatment.‎ C．To introduce the topic on cupping therapy.‎ D．To show swimmers suffer from disorders.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章前两段的整体内容可推知，提到运动员菲尔普斯是为了导入文章的话题，即拔火罐疗法是否有效，故选C。‎ ‎2．The purpose of the test by researchers from Germany was to ________.‎ A．promote the health effects of cupping therapy B．see whether cupping therapy has a physical effect C．compare traditional cupping with soft cupping D．compare cupping therapy's effects on different groups of people 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To figure out cupping therapy has any physical effect” 可知，实验的目的是验证拔火罐是否真的有效。‎ ‎3．What can be learned from the passage?‎ A．Different people need different types of cupping therapy.‎ B．The real treatment and false treatment almost have the same effects.‎ C．The results show that cupping therapy is not part of the treatment.‎ D．Cupping therapy is only effective when used with lifestyle changing.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain.”可知，实验表明两种不同的拔火罐方法效果是一样的。‎ ‎4．According to Dr Brent Bauer, cupping therapy ________.‎ A．is a fast and easy treatment for people to carry out B．is a newly invented way to cure some diseases C．needs a long period of time to take effect D．can be used together with other treatments 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But because the treatment is relatively safe ... choices and lifestyle changing”可知，Dr Brent Bauer认为拔火罐可以和其他方法一起配合治疗。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 食物过敏症 ‎354‎ ‎8分钟 ‎(2018·江西省九校联合考试)If you have an allergy to some food, even a very tiny bit of food can make you sick. Lots of kids have food allergies — about 3 million in the United States alone.‎ The foods that cause the most food allergies include peanuts and other nuts; seafood, such as shrimp; milk, particularly cow's milk; eggs; wheat.‎ What Is a Food Allergy?‎ Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Usually,‎ ‎ your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it's really dangerous to you.‎ What's a Reaction Like?‎ In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis (过敏症). This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and blood vessels. A person's blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow and the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.‎ What Will the Doctor Do?‎ If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let your parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out. If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergyrelated conditions. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving you trouble.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物过敏症的一些知识，包括食物过敏症的症状及其应对措施等。‎ ‎5．According to the passage, you will have a food allergy when ________.‎ A．your immune system recognizes tiny organisms in a certain food B．your immune system mistakenly makes antibodies to help fight off ‎ something in a certain food C．your immune system prevents something harmful in the food from entering your digestive system D．your immune system releases chemicals to remove harmful things in a certain food 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But if you have ... dangerous to you.”可知，当你过敏时，你的免疫系统会误认为某种食物中的某种物质是有害物质而产生抗体。故选B项。‎ ‎6．In the sudden and severe allergic reaction, which of the following may happen?‎ A．Blood pressure rising.‎ B．Lips swelling.‎ C．Breathing difficulty.‎ D．Heart beating becoming slow.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“This is a sudden ... and blood vessels.”及下一句中的“breathing tubes can narrow”可知，过敏严重时可能会使呼吸管变窄，出现呼吸困难。故选C项。‎ ‎7．Which of the following suggestions is given to those at risk of severe allergic reaction?‎ A．Taking medicine as soon as an allergic reaction appears.‎ B．Avoiding eating any food when going outside.‎ C．Always carrying with special medicine for possible symptoms.‎ D．Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“People at risk for this kind of a reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies”可知，过敏者应提前做好应对突发事件的准备。故选D项。‎ ‎8．What will an allergist do to check your food allergy out?‎ A．Ask you about the allergyassociated information.‎ B．Give you some medicine right away.‎ C．Enquire about your present feeling towards the food.‎ D．Give you a shot of liquid extract of food.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段第四、五句“The allergy specialist ... or other allergyrelated conditions.”可知，过敏症专科医师会询问一些与过敏反应相关的问题。故答案为A项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·郑州市高三第三次质量预测)‎ Selftalk helps us all Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you've ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech, you'll know the social problems it can cause. __1__ Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable. Far from being a sign of madness, selftalk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities and control our emotions.‎ Psychologists call selftalk the private speech — language that is spoken out loud but directed at yourself. We do a lot of it when we are young. As children, we use private speeches to control our actions in the same way that we use public speeches to control the behavior of others：__2__‎ Psychological experiments have shown that this socalled inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking. One recent study suggests that selftalk is the most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”．‎ We keep the private speech we use as children inside — but we never truly put away the out loud version. __3__ You're sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself.‎ ‎__4__ Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different places, leading to a solution to a problem, just like a regular dialogue, and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.‎ Both kinds of selftalk — silent and out loud — seem to bring many ‎ different benefits to our thinking. __5__‎ A．But there's no need for embarrassment.‎ B．If you want proof, turn on a sports channel.‎ C．As we grow older, we keep this system inside.‎ D．Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with toys.‎ E．Words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than just chatter.‎ F．According to the wellknown saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.‎ G．Selftalk seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas.‎ ‎1．选A　根据下文的“Talking to ourselves ... is valuable.”可知，自言自语益处多多，所以没有必要感到尴尬，所以选A项。‎ ‎2．选C　根据上文的“We do a lot of it when we are young.”可推知，长大后我们把这套做法隐藏起来了，所以选C项。‎ ‎3．选B　根据下文的“You're sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself.”可推知，我们看电视时会看到运动员冲自己大声叫喊，所以选B项。‎ ‎4．选G　根据下文的“leading to a solution to a problem”可知，自言自语也是一种很好的解决问题、理清思路的办法，所以选G项。‎ ‎5．选E　根据上文的“Both kinds of selftalk — silent and out loud — seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking.”及文章的主题可推知，此处指自言自语益处多多，比聊天好许多，所以选E项。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018·南宁市第二次适应性考试)I will share a truely story with you that happened a couple of days ago. One of my classmate bought a bag of snacks from a food store. A few roommates were then invited to enjoy snacks.‎ Luckily, all of them got poisoned and had stomachaches with our faces pale. They are quickly sent to a nearby hospital. Doctors examined them but gave them some medicine. They were out of danger soon before taking the medicine. This accident should make us to realize the seriousness of the food safety problem. I strong suggest that the whole society pay more attention to food safety.‎ 答案：第一句：truely→true 第二句：classmate→classmates 第三句：enjoy后加the 第四句：Luckily→Unluckily; our→their 第五句：are→were 第六句：but→and 第七句：before→after 第八句：去掉to 第九句：strong→strongly Topic 3　A healthy life (Book 6·Unit 3)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] ADVICE FROM GRANDAD Dear James，‎ It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It's my birthday in two weeks' time and I'll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.‎ This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during ‎ adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.‎ By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways? First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. I remember feeling badtempered and sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit. But I did finally manage.‎ When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking. I didn't know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. I certainly didn't know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of nonsmokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. She told me that she wouldn't go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasn't enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live and healthy a life as I have.‎ Love from Grandad How can you stop smoking?‎ It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and Here are a few suggestions.‎ ‎·Prepare yourself. Decide on a day to quit. Don't choose a day that you know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam. Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping smoking. Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes.‎ ‎·Be determined. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker. Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier.‎ ‎·Break the habit. Instead of smoking a cigarette, do something else. Go for a walk, clean your teeth, drink some water, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep your mind and especially your hands busy.‎ ‎·Relax. If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not reach for a cigarette. Try some deep breathing instead. Do some relaxation exercises every time you feel stressed.‎ ‎·Get help if you need it. Arrange to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems, or join a stopsmoking group. If you feel desperate, you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine chewing gum.‎ ‎·Keep trying. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed. Just try again. You will succeed eventually.‎ ‎❶that引导主语从句，it是形式主语 ‎❷“find it＋adj.＋to do sth.”发现做某事很……‎ ‎❸as引导非限制性定语从句 ‎❹it was time to do sth.“是该做某事的时间了”‎ ‎❺“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as ...”结构 ‎❻部分倒装结构 ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．withdrawal n．　　　　　 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程 ‎2．pregnant adj. 怀孕的 ‎3．comprehension n. 理解(力)‎ ‎4．abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的 ‎5．immune adj. 有免疫力的 ‎6．abortion n. 流产；中途失败 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．abuse n．& vt. 滥用；虐待 ‎2．ban vt. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令；谴责 ‎3．quit vt. 停止(做某事)；离开 ‎4．effect n. 结果；效力 ‎5．prejudice n. 偏见；成见 ‎6．judgement n. 看法；判决；判断 ‎7．awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的 ‎8．embarrassed adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的；渴望的；很危急的→desperately adv.拼命地；绝望地 ‎2．stress n．压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的→stressed adj.焦虑不安的；有压力的 ‎3．adolescent n．青少年 adj.青春期的→adolescence n．青春期 ‎4．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addiction n．瘾；入迷；嗜好→‎ addictive adj.使人上瘾的→addict n．吸毒成瘾的人；对……入迷的人 ‎5．accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的 ‎6．automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automatically adv.无意识地；自动地 ‎7．mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上→physical adj.身体的；肉体的 ‎8．strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强→strength n．长处；力量；强项 ‎9．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappoint vt.使失望；使扫兴→disappointment n．失望；沮丧 ‎10．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame n．羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；厚颜的 ‎11．illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→legal adj.合法的；法律的 ‎12．survival n．幸存；残留下来的人(物)→survive v．幸存；活下来→survivor n．幸存者；生还者 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The man has been addicted to smoking for many years, but he is now fighting his addiction to smoking.(addict)‎ ‎2．The son was ashamed to hurt his old mother in such a shameful way and came to beg her pardon.(shame)‎ ‎3．Doing any legal things will be protected in China, while doing anything illegal will be punished.(legal)‎ ‎4．The man in the river desperately tried to reach the side. The situation was desperate but not hopeless.(desperate)‎ ‎5．Many people nowadays feel rather stressed because of their stressful jobs.(stress)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．due_to 因为；由于……‎ ‎2．(be)_addicted_to 对……有瘾 ‎3．(be)_accustomed_to 习惯于……‎ ‎4．decide_on 对……作出决定 ‎5．feel_like_(doing) 想要(做)……‎ ‎6．in_spite_of 不顾；不管；尽管 ‎7．take_risks_(a_risk) 冒险 ‎8．get_into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)‎ ‎9．at_risk 处境危险；遭受危险 ‎10．throw_away 扔掉 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．To succeed in business, one must be prepared to take_risks_(a_risk)．‎ ‎2．I am_accustomed_to getting up early and taking an hour's walk before breakfast.‎ ‎3．According to the survey, many females are_addicted_to shopping online.‎ ‎4．I regret not having followed your advice; I get_into trouble now.‎ ‎5．Most of them turned up on time; only Tom arrived late due_to the storm.‎ ‎6．They had a wonderful holiday, in_spite_of the bad weather.‎ ‎7．Don't decide_on important matters too quickly.‎ ‎8．Lydia doesn't feel_like going abroad. Her parents are old and she wants to take care of them.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.‎ 你知道，如果你反反复复地做同一件事，你就会自动地做它。‎ ‎[解读]　as引导的定语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　正如我们所预料的，一开始他拒绝戒烟。‎ As_we_had_expected,_he refused to give up smoking at first.‎ ‎2．I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life ‎ as I have.‎ 我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。‎ ‎[解读]　(1)do hope 为强调结构。借助于助动词do, does, did可对谓语动词进行强调。‎ ‎(2)从句句式为“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as”结构。‎ ‎[仿写]　①尽管戒烟对我父亲很难，他有30年的烟龄，但最终他确实戒掉了。‎ It was very difficult for my father to quit smoking, who smoked for 30 years, but in the end he did_manage_it.‎ ‎②事实上，戒掉一个坏习惯需要付出的努力与养成一个好习惯是一样的。‎ As a matter of fact, getting rid of a bad habit needs as_much_an_effort_as forming a good one.‎ ‎3．Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.‎ 每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己：你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。‎ ‎[解读]　every time引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎[仿写]　我每次见她，她总是在沙发上吃零食。‎ Every_time_I_meet_her,_she is always eating snacks on the sofa.‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．stress n．压力；重音；强调重要性vt.加压力于；使紧张；重读 ‎[高考佳句]　Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.(2017·江苏高考)‎ 下面我强调一下气候适应的更聪明更有创造性的几个例子。‎ ‎(1)under stress　　　　　　　　 在压力之下 put stress on sth. 强调某事物 ‎(2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性 ‎(3)stressful adj. 有压力的(指物)‎ stressed adj. 有压力的(指人)‎ ‎①Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.‎ 人在压力之下，办事情就容易出差错。‎ ‎②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.‎ 现在越来越多的中学生在学习中感到有压力。‎ ‎2．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的 ‎[教材原句]　You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.‎ 你知道，十几岁的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。‎ ‎(1)be/become/get addicted to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事　　‎ ‎(2)addict vt. 使沉溺；使上瘾 n. 有瘾的人 addict oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于(做)某事 ‎(3)addiction n. 瘾；入迷；嗜好 ‎①Teenagers who are addicted (addict) to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression.‎ 有网瘾的青少年更有可能患忧郁症。‎ ‎②Addicted to playing (play) the violin, he didn't find a thief walk into his house.‎ 他醉心于拉小提琴，没有注意到小偷进屋。‎ ‎③Many kids are addicted to surfing the Internet, so they have lost interest in study.‎ ‎→Addicting (addict) themselves to surfing the Internet, many kids have lost interest in study.‎ 许多孩子沉溺于上网，因此，他们对学习失去了兴趣。‎ ‎[名师指津]　“addict; addicted; addiction”等在表示“沉迷于/热衷于……”时，都和介词to连用。‎ ‎3．accustomed adj.经常的；惯常的；习惯了的 ‎[教材原句]　This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.‎ 这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。‎ ‎(1)be accustomed/used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)　‎ get/become accustomed/used to (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)‎ ‎(2)accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事 ‎①As we all know, English people are accustomed to driving (drive) on the left.‎ 众所周知，英国人习惯于靠左边开车。‎ ‎②Accustomed (accustom) to living in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.‎ 由于习惯于生活在农村，金先生发现很难在城市生活。‎ ‎③The students quickly accustomed themselves (they) to the new timetable, which excited the teachers.‎ 学生们很快适应了新的时间表，这令老师们很高兴。‎ ‎4．effect n．结果；效力；影响 ‎[教材原句]　When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking.‎ 在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道得并不多。‎ ‎(1)have an effect on/upon　　 对……产生影响 bring/carry/put ... into effect 实施；使……生效/起作用 come into effect/take effect 生效 in effect 事实上；实际上 side effect 副作用 ‎(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的 ‎①Global warming is having a great effect on/upon hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.‎ 全球变暖正在对全球数以百计的动植物物种产生重大影响。‎ ‎②It's reported that this regulation will come into effect from ‎ October 1, 2019.‎ 据报道，本章程自2019年10月1日起生效。‎ ‎③However, they have side_effects,_which will damage your health.‎ 然而，它们有副作用，对你的健康有害。‎ ‎[名师指津]　作“影响”讲时，effect是名词，其同义动词形式是affect。‎ ‎5．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的 ‎[教材原句]　If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed.‎ 如果你意志薄弱了而吸了一支烟，不要感到羞愧。‎ ‎(1)be/feel ashamed of ...　 由于……感到惭愧/羞愧/羞耻(多指内在的人或事)‎ be/feel ashamed for ... 为/替……感到惭愧/羞愧/‎ ‎ 羞耻(多指外在的人或事)‎ be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事 ‎(2)shame n. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 it's a shame/pity＝what a shame/pity 真可惜 it's a shame that ... 真遗憾……‎ ‎(3)shameful adj. 可耻的；不道德的 ‎①She felt ashamed of having cheated in the exam and tears ran down her cheeks.‎ 她为自己在考试中作弊感到羞愧万分，眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。‎ ‎②I felt ashamed for your attitude to your parents.‎ 你对于父母的态度，我引以为耻。‎ ‎③Jim was ashamed to_have_troubled (trouble) me with so many questions.‎ 吉姆因如此多的问题麻烦我而感到不好意思。‎ ‎④It's_a_shame/pity_that a good student should do something like that.‎ 一个好学生竟然会做出那样的事真令人遗憾。‎ ‎6．due adj.预定的；到期的；应付的；欠款的 写出下列句中黑体部分的含义 ‎①That money is due to me, but I haven't got it yet.应付的 ‎②She is due to make a speech on the economy next week.预定的 ‎③The books must be returned before the due date or the kids cannot borrow other books.到期的 ‎④She has been absent from work due to illness.由于 ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．He was ashamed of having asked such a silly question.‎ ‎2．They hurried to catch the train due to_leave (leave) at 4：15 in the afternoon.‎ ‎3．Judging from what he said and did, we can conclude that he was desperate for fame.‎ ‎4．Alice's not accustomed to making (make) speeches publicly; it's so embarrassing.‎ ‎5．Cigarette advertising should be_banned (ban) because smoking is bad for our health.‎ ‎6．It is said that those who are_stressed (stress) or working overtime are likely to put on weight.‎ ‎7．Though disappointed (disappoint) to know he wouldn't get the job after the interview, Frank thanked us politely.‎ ‎8．These exercises are designed to strengthen (strong) muscles.‎ ‎9．Children have to learn to communicate effectively (effect)．‎ ‎10．The new survey shows that the number of students addicted (addict) to playing football has been on the increase in recent years.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I ashamed of having lied to my teacher that day.ashamed前加was ‎2．As far as I know, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.talk→talking ‎3．When you have an injury you start putting stress to other parts of your body.to→on ‎4．It will be great disappointment to me if I can't find the suitcase.great前加a ‎5．The president is due to delivering a lecture on economic policies.delivering→deliver ‎6．Having been abused his power as mayor to give jobs to his friends, Williams is now under investigation.去掉been Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．不仅大人，而且连我们学生也常常感到有压力，因为我们有太多作业要写。(stress)‎ Not only adults but also we_students_often_feel_stressed because we have too much homework to do.‎ ‎2．对电视剧上瘾在很多方面都会对你有害。(addicted)‎ Being_addicted_to_TV_plays can be harmful to you in many ways.‎ ‎3．我们习惯了享受舒适的生活。(accustom)‎ We are_accustomed_to_enjoying the comfortable life.‎ ‎4．两家公司在上周签订的这份协议将很快生效。(effect)‎ The agreement signed between the two companies last week will_come_into_effect_soon.‎ ‎5．他哭的原因是他对这次考试成绩很失望。(disappointed)‎ The reason why he cried was that_he_was_very_disappointed_at_the_result.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．in spite of不顾；不管；尽管 ‎[经典例句]　In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.‎ 尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。‎ ‎(1)in spite of/despite the fact that ... 不管……；尽管……‎ ‎(2)regardless of 不管；不顾 ‎(3)although/though＋从句 尽管；虽然 ‎(4)despite prep. 尽管 ‎①Despite (＝In_spite_of) the largescale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement.‎ 尽管大规模修建公路和高速路，但是提升的空间依然很大。‎ ‎②She is determined to do it regardless_of all consequences.‎ 她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。‎ ‎③Although/Though I'm busy with my study, I always find time to do something for my parents.‎ 尽管我学习很忙，但是我还要找时间为父母做点事情。‎ ‎[名师指津]　in spite of; regardless of和despite后只能接名词或名词短语，不能接从句。though和although是连词，后须接从句。‎ ‎2．take risks (a risk) 冒险 ‎[教材原句]　He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.‎ 他觉得每一步都得作出决定而不是冒险。‎ ‎(1)at risk　　　　　　　　　　 有风险；处境危险 at the risk of ... 冒着……的风险 take risks (a risk) to do sth. 冒险做某事 ‎(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 risk one's life to do sth. 冒着生命危险做某事 ‎①He could not take risks to_lose (lose) the good chance.‎ ‎→He could not risk losing (lose) the good chance.‎ 他不能冒险失去这一次好机会。‎ ‎②He was determined to get there even at the risk of his life.‎ 他决心到那里去，即使是冒生命危险也在所不惜。‎ ‎[联想发散]　“take＋复数名词”构成的短语还有：‎ ‎①take turns　　　　　　　　　 轮流 ‎②take notes 记笔记 ‎③take photos 照相 ‎④take pains 尽力；费心 ‎⑤take steps/measures 采取措施 ‎3．get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)‎ ‎[经典例句]　You should get into the routine of saving the document you are working on every ten minutes.‎ 你应该养成每十分钟将正在编辑的文件保存一次的习惯。‎ get into debt　　　　　　　　　 负债累累 get into a panic 陷入恐慌 get into trouble 陷入困境；惹上麻烦 get into the habit/routine of 养成……的习惯 get across 使被理解 get along with 与……相处 get over 克服；恢复 ‎①I've got into the habit of calling on my grandparents on my way home from school.‎ 我已养成了在放学回家的路上看望祖父母的习惯。‎ ‎②The girl got into a panic when she heard the frightening news.‎ 这个女孩听到这个骇人的消息后惊慌失措。‎ ‎③Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get_into_trouble.‎ 这种人总是坚持自己的观点，即使这意味着他们可能会陷入困境。‎ ‎4．I do_hope so because I want you to live as_long_and_healthy_a_life_as I have.‎ 我的确希望如此，因为我想让你和我一样活得健康长寿。‎ ‎(1)“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下两个条件：‎ a．句子是肯定句；‎ b．句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。‎ ‎①If you have a job, do_devote yourself to it and finally you will ‎ succeed.‎ 如果你有一份工作，务必要全力以赴地去做，最终你会成功的。‎ ‎②Believe it or not, he did_go home yesterday.‎ 信不信由你，他昨天确实回家了。‎ ‎(2)so/as＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋as，意为“和……一样……”。‎ ‎③The young man hopes to live as_simple_a_life_as his grandpa.‎ 这个小伙子希望和他爷爷一样过俭朴的生活。‎ ‎④As a matter of fact, I can't afford as_expensive_a_car_as his.　‎ 事实上，我买不起像他的一样昂贵的私家车。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用risk的短语填空 ‎①The doctor said that everyone was at_risk for AIDS.‎ ‎②We do not expect untrained people to take_risks.‎ ‎③He saved the drowning child's life at_the_risk_of losing his own.‎ ‎④Though warned of the danger, the young man still risked_his_life_to save the boy.‎ ‎2．用get的短语填空 ‎①I spoke slowly, but my meaning didn't get_across.‎ ‎②The boy has got_into_the_habit/routine_of washing his hands before meals.‎ ‎③His sister always gets_along well with her classmates.‎ ‎④He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he'll get_over it.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．In spite of his lack of experience, he got the job.‎ ‎→Though/Although_he_lacked_experience,_he got the job.‎ ‎2．Although this math problem is a bit difficult, I believe you can work it out.‎ ‎→I believe you can work out this math problem in_spite_of/despite the fact that it is a bit difficult.‎ Ⅲ.补全或翻译句子 ‎1．我们很高兴她确实打算来这里。(强调句式)‎ We are pleased that she does_intend_to_come_here.‎ ‎2．每次我看到这张老照片时，我就会想起中学时我的同桌。(every time)‎ Every_time_I_see_this_old_photo,_I will think of my deskmate in the middle school.‎ ‎3．她当演员和当歌手都一样出色。(so/as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as)‎ She's_as_good_an_actress_as_she_is_a_singer.‎ ‎4．我发现学习英语口语是很重要的。(find it＋adj.＋ to do)‎ I_found_it_important_to_learn_spoken_English.‎ ‎5．只有当我们不能很好地看清东西时我们才意识到我们的眼睛是多么重要。(强调句式)‎ It_is_only_when_we_cannot_see perfectly that_we_realize_how_important our eyes are.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 stress, addicted, accustomed, effect, ashamed, due to, in spite of, take risks, get into, mental, disappointed, strengthen, quit ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①汤姆自打上初中时就对吸烟上瘾。‎ Tom became_addicted_to_smoking when he was at his junior school.‎ ‎②他养成了每天都抽烟的习惯。‎ He got_into_the_habit_of_smoking every day.‎ ‎③他说他想释放因为学习成绩差而带来的精神压力。‎ He said he wanted to release_his_mental_stress_due_to his poor school record.‎ ‎④他感到很羞愧。‎ He felt_ashamed_of it.‎ ‎⑤爷爷坚持要他戒烟并尝试习惯于新的生活。‎ Grandpa insisted that he_quit_smoking and try to get_accustomed_to a new life.‎ ‎⑥尽管许多痛苦，可是汤姆从来不失望直到他的努力对他的学习有了一点影响。‎ In_spite_of_a_lot_of_pains,_Tom never became disappointed until his_efforts_had_some_effect_on/upon his study.‎ ‎⑦汤姆发现冒险去戒烟是值得的，结果这增强了他与家庭的关系。‎ Tom found that it was worth to take_risks_to_quit_smoking,_and consequently it strengthened_his_relation with his family.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用强调句式升级句④‎ He_did_feel_ashamed_of_it.‎ ‎(2)用it作形式宾语和非限制性定语从句改写句⑦‎ Tom_found_it_worth_to_take_risks_to_quit_smoking,_which_consequently_strengthened_his_relation_with_his_family.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇： sometimes)‎ Tom became addicted to smoking when he was at his junior school. He got into the habit of smoking every day. He said he wanted to release his mental stress due to his poor school record. Sometimes, he did feel ashamed of it. Grandpa insisted that he quit smoking and try to get accustomed to a new life. In spite of a lot of pains, Tom never became disappointed until his efforts had some effect on/upon his study. Tom found it worth to take risks to quit smoking, which consequently strengthened his relation with his family.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句 ‎[本单元突破点——宾语从句＋状语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked.‎ 本句为多重复合句。believed后的宾语从句中含so引导的结果状语从句，该从句中又含that引导的宾语从句和when引导的时间状语从句。‎ 如果三年前任何人告诉我说今后我的大部分周末会用来去野营，我当时会开心地笑起来的。‎ 真题长难句 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读七选五)‎ 本句为主从复合句。If 引导的条件状语从句中“that I would be spending most of my weekends camping”为宾语从句，主句是“I would have laughed heartily”，“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去的推测。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 手机辐射是否致癌 ‎316‎ ‎7分钟 ‎(2018·山东省六校高三联考)People love cellphones, which is why nine in ten Americans own one. But does heavy use of cellphones pose a risk of cancer? This question has caused controversy for many years. A new study in rats now augments those concerns. Its data linked longterm, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain. The results have yet to be confirmed, the authors note.‎ Indeed, although the rat study found a link between ‎ cellphone radiation and cancer, it offers no clues to why such a link might exist, notes Jonathan Samet. He teaches preventative medicine and directs the Institute for Global Health at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Still, he calls the new study's findings “significant”. “They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer，” he says.‎ Phone signals are relayed between cell towers and cellphones via radio waves. This radio frequency — or RF — radiation is a type known as nonionizing (非电离的). Unlike Xrays, nonionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation, such as Xrays. But that does not mean radio waves might not cause harm.‎ In very large doses (量) this radiation will heat the body and cause tissue damage. But it's not yet known what much lower RF levels might do, such as those from cellphone use. Five years ago, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer, or IARC, concluded that cellphone use “is possibly carcinogenic (致癌的)”．‎ Its conclusion was based on what little research data was available at that time. But notice that IARC was not certain. It said only that phone use might “possibly” cause cancer. So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。人们喜欢用手机，90%的美国人都有手机。那么，过度使用手机是否会有患癌的风险呢？一项新的研究给出了一些线索。‎ ‎1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “augments”？‎ A．figures out　　　　　 　B．puts out C．refers to D．adds to 解析：选D　词义猜测题。画线词前面提到过度使用手机是否有患癌的风险这一问题多年来引发的争议不断，再根据画线词后的“concerns”和“Its data linked longterm, intense exposure to radiation from cellphones with an ‎ increased risk of cancer in the heart or brain.”可知，现在一项在老鼠身上进行的新研究增加了那些忧虑。故画线词与adds to意义相近。‎ ‎2．In which aspect does Jonathan Samet think the new study in rats is significant?‎ A．It assists him with his teaching.‎ B．It indicates a new research direction.‎ C．It warns people to mind cellphone safety.‎ D．It makes a breakthrough in cancer research.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They could lead to studies researching how cellphone radiation might cause cancer”可知，这项研究会促使科学家去查明手机辐射可能是怎样致癌的，也就是说它为科学家提供了一个新的研究方向。‎ ‎3．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?‎ A．How phone signals are delivered.‎ B．How cellphones produce radiation.‎ C．Features of radiation from cellphones.‎ D．Differences between ionizing and nonionizing radiation.‎ 解析：选C　段落大意题。根据第三段的内容尤其是“nonionizing radiation does not deposit enough energy into cells to release electrons from atoms or molecules, producing ions. So it tends to be far less harmful than ionizing radiation”可知，本段主要讲的是手机辐射的特点，它是非电离的，其危害性远低于电离辐射。‎ ‎4．What might be the theme of NTP scientists' further research?‎ A．Why cellphone use causes cancer.‎ B．Whether cellphone use really causes cancer.‎ C．What health effects cellphone use has.‎ D．How much exposure to cellphone radiation is safe.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It said only that phone use might “possibly” cause cancer. So scientists at the National Toxicology Program, or NTP, investigated further.”‎ 可知，NTP的科学家进一步研究的主题可能是手机使用是否真的会导致癌症。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 跷二郎腿的危害 ‎299‎ ‎7分钟 ‎(2018·合肥市高三第二次质检)Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don't even notice that they're doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.‎ A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won't feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawnout increases in blood pressure can cause longterm health issues. So, plan to sit for a long period of time? Don't keep your legs crossed.‎ Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg, explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle — what we know as that “pins_and_needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until you feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.‎ So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture ‎ and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。‎ ‎5．What can we learn about crossing one's legs?‎ A．It is a very bad social habit.‎ B．It is usually practiced deliberately.‎ C．It can do harm to people's health.‎ D．It can make others feel uncomfortable.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.”可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。‎ ‎6．According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can ________.‎ A．affect your blood pressure B．resist gravity effectively C．lead to heart attacks easily D．improve the function of legs 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure.”可知，研究表明，跷二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。‎ ‎7．In the third paragraph “pins and needles” probably means “________”．‎ A．slightly sharp pains B．being a little nervous C．serious muscle injuries D．being highly flexible 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第三段的“This pressure can cause numbness ‎ and temporary paralysis (麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。‎ ‎8．What is the main purpose of the text?‎ A．To compare common habits.‎ B．To give readers some advice.‎ C．To evaluate effects of an experiment.‎ D．To introduce research methods.‎ 解析：选B　写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·安徽省百所重点高中二模)Ten years ago, a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed. I was totally __1__ and felt I was suddenly placed under __2__ of death with an indefinite reprieve (缓刑). After careful thought, I __3__ my affairs; then I went home and got into bed. But 2 years later, I left my bed and __4__ the long climb back. It was another year __5__ I made it.‎ I speak of this experience because these past years have __6__ me what to value and what to believe. I __7__ now that this world is not my oyster (牡蛎) to be opened but my __8__ to be grasped.‎ I've also learned that it's necessary to __9__ those little, allimportant things I never thought I would __10__ before: the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree, the __11__ of sunlight on running water. I seem now, with some of the __12__ freshness of childhood, to hear and see. How well, __13__， I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed. It was like __14__ one's citizenship in a world one had nearly lost.‎ Frequently, I __15__ myself that I need make notes of this __16__ I'm living in now, because in it I'm well, __17__， doing what I like best. It won't always be like this, __18__ I'll make the most of it and be grateful. I __19__ all this to that long time spent in bed. Wiser people come to this __20__ without having to acquire it the hard way. But I wasn't wise enough. I'm wiser now, a little, and happier.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一场重病让作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的东西。因此他对自己当下所拥有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。‎ ‎1．A.confused B．shocked C．determined D．annoyed 解析：选B　根据上文中的“a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，当被告知自己的肺部出了问题且不得不立即放弃工作卧床休息时作者感到非常震惊(shocked)。‎ ‎2．A.trial B．pressure C．sentence D．control 解析：选C　作者突然觉得自己好像是被判了死缓一样。根据语境尤其是下文的“with an indefinite reprieve (缓刑)”可知，此处应选sentence“宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death“被判处死刑”。‎ ‎3．A.made up B．set up C．took up D．cleared up 解析：选D　仔细思考之后，作者把手头的事务处理掉，然后回家了。根据上文中的“I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解决，清理”符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.recalled B．began C．avoided D．accepted 解析：选B　两年后，作者离开了病床，开始(began)了漫长的重回之前的生活状态的“攀登”。‎ ‎5．A.when B．after C．since D．before 解析：选D　过了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is＋一段时间＋before ‎ ...是固定句型，意为“过了……才/就……”。‎ ‎6．A.assigned B．taught C．treated D．assured 解析：选B　作者谈及这段经历是因为那些过去的岁月教会(taught)了作者应该珍惜什么，相信什么。‎ ‎7．A.admit B．demand C．expect D．realize 解析：选D　现在作者意识到(realize)这个世界不是等待他去打开的牡蛎，而是需要他去抓住的机会(opportunity)。‎ ‎8．A.knowledge B．opportunity C．attention D．point 解析：选B　参见上题解析。grasp the opportunity“抓住机会”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎9．A.dismiss B．list C．define D．appreciate 解析：选D　作者也学会了欣赏(appreciate)那些不起眼的但却很重要的东西，而作者之前从未想过自己会去注意(notice)这些东西。‎ ‎10．A.notice B．record C．remember D．track 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎11．A.shadow B．shake C．play D．feeling 解析：选C　根据上文中的“the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree”和下文中的“I seem now ... to hear and see.”可知，此处指的应是作者以前不会注意到的东西。play“轻快变幻的动作，闪烁”，the play of sunlight on water“阳光在水面上的闪烁”。‎ ‎12．A.damaged B．recovered C．faded D．changed 解析：选B　作者重新找回了童年时期看待事物的新鲜感。recovered“重新获得的，重新找到的”，符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.in contrast B．in return C．for instance D．by chance 解析：选C　比如，回想起自己卧床两年后重新踏上这片土地的感觉有多好。for instance“比如，例如”，符合语境。‎ ‎14．A.maintaining B．regaining C．discovering D．forgetting 解析：选B　这就像在一个差点失去的世界中重新获得公民身份一样。regain“重新得到”和下文的“lost”相对应。‎ ‎15．A.remind B．promise C．advise D．convince 解析：选A　作者经常提醒(remind)自己要记下这个自己现在生活的时刻(moment)，因为活在此刻，作者是健康且快乐的(pleased)，而且能做自己最喜欢的事情。‎ ‎16．A.country B．moment C．memory D．inspiration 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎17．A.pleased B．courageous C．confident D．strong 解析：选A　参见第15题解析。下文中的“I'm wiser now, a little, and happier.”亦是提示。‎ ‎18．A.meanwhile B．otherwise C．however D．therefore 解析：选D　它不会总是如这般存在，因此作者会充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之间是因果关系，故用therefore。‎ ‎19．A.apply B．owe C．contribute D．adapt 解析：选B　作者将这一切都归功于他卧病在床的那段漫长时光。owe ... to ...“把……归功于……”，是固定用法。‎ ‎20．A.awareness B．agreement C．comment D．compromise 解析：选A　更有智慧的人无需被困到如此境地也能明白这些道理。awareness“意识，明白”符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·福州市高三综合质量检测)In __1__ (tradition) Chinese culture, Tai Chi is often related to the Chinese idea of yin and yang, the idea that one can see two sides in everything. Once __2__ a time, Taoist Zhang Sanfeng saw a bird attacking a snake in the Wudang Mountains in Hubei Province. The snake's defense inspired him __3__ (create) a set of 72 movements, which used __4__ (soft) and power from inside to defeat violent force.‎ For those __5__ do it, Tai Chi can be practiced any time and anywhere without equipment or a gymnasium. And learning to do it __6__ (correct) gives us a practical way to achieve such things as balance, motor control and rhythm (节奏) of movement. So it __7__ ( believe ) that practicing Tai Chi can in some way help us stand, walk, move and run better.‎ Tai Chi's benefits certainly go beyond physical ones. For Marleni Calcina from Peru, who __8__ (do) Tai Chi for over 10 years, it's not only a sport, but also a way of life. And __9__ is Tai Chi that has helped her understand the value of “going slowly”. Now, practicing Tai Chi is like __10__ (speak) with her soul.‎ ‎1．traditional　空处修饰名词“Chinese culture”，故用形容词形式。‎ ‎2．upon　once upon a time为固定搭配，意为“从前”。‎ ‎3．to create　inspire sb. to do sth.为固定用法，意为“启发某人做某事”。‎ ‎4．softness　根据空后的“and power”可知，空处和名词power是并列关系，故应用名词形式。‎ ‎5．who　分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为those，空处为关系代词，指代人，且在从句中作主语，故用who。‎ ‎6．correctly　空处修饰动词do，故用副词形式。‎ ‎7．is believed　it is believed that ...为固定句型，意为“据信……”。it和动词believe之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；根据语境可知，该句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎8．has done　根据该句时间状语“for over 10 years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，又因who指代先行词Marleni Calcina，为单数，故填has done。‎ ‎9．it　分析该句结构可知，该句为强调句，其基本结构为“it is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子的其他成分”。该句被强调的部分是“Tai Chi”。‎ ‎10．speaking　like在此处为介词，后跟动名词作宾语，意为“像……一样”。该句句意为：如今，练太极就像是在和她的灵魂说话。‎ Topic 4　Living well (Book 7·Unit 1)‎ ‎[主课文晨读] ‎ MARTY'S STORY Hi, my name is Marty Fielding and I guess you could say that I am “one in a million”. In other words, there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can't run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop things or bump into furniture. Unfortunately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live one day at a time.‎ Until I was ten years old I was the same as everyone else. I used to climb trees, swim and play football. In fact, I used to dream about playing professional football and possibly representing my country in the World Cup. Then I started to get until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium. In the end I went into hospital for medical tests. I stayed there for nearly three months. I think I had at least a billion tests, including one ❷in which they cut out a piece of and looked at it under a microscope. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.‎ One problem is eq avs4al( other people.) So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. Sometimes, too, I was so my education suffered. Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.‎ My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. All in all I have a good life. I am happy like writing and computer programming. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Last year I invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tank full of fish and a tortoise. but I find it worthwhile. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.‎ In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don't feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don't ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.‎ Thank you for reading my story.‎ ‎❶“比较级＋比较级”越来越……‎ ‎❷“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 ‎❸that引导表语从句 ‎❹too ... to ...“太……而不能……”‎ ‎❺动词不定式的完成式表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 ‎❻动词不定式短语作主语 ‎[单词“分类记”]‎ ‎(一)阅读障碍词汇(识其形·知其义)‎ ‎1．dictation n．　　　　　　　　 口授；听写(的文字)‎ ‎2．psychology n. 心理(学)‎ ‎3．mainstream n. 主流；主要倾向 ‎4．certificate n. 证书 ‎5．dignity n. 尊严；高贵的品质 ‎(二)高考高频词汇(知其义·写其形)‎ ‎1．conduct n. 行为；品行 ‎　 　 vt. 指挥；管理；主持 ‎2．resign vi.& vt. 辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)‎ ‎3．companion n. 同伴；伙伴 ‎4．adequate adj. 足够的；充分的 ‎5．graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼 ‎6．abolish_vt. 废除；废止 ‎ (三)活学活用词汇(记得清·用得活)‎ Ⅰ.根据词性和词义写出下列单词 ‎1．disability n．伤残；无力；无能→disabled_adj.伤残的 ‎2．ambition n．雄心；野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的 ‎3．suitable adj.适合的；适宜的→suit_vt.& vi.适合；适应；使适合 ‎4．beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit_v．受益；有益于n.益处；好处 ‎5．adapt vt.使适应；改编→adaptation_n．适应；改编；改写本 ‎6．absence n．缺席；不在某处→absent_adj.缺席的；心不在焉的 ‎7．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed_adj.颇为生气的→annoying_adj.令人生气的→annoyance_n．烦恼 ‎8．encouragement n．鼓励；奖励→encourage__vt.鼓励；鼓舞 ‎9．assistance n．协助；援助→assist__v．帮助；援助→assistant n．助手 ‎10．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation__n．祝贺；贺词 ‎11．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性→accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 ‎12．approval n．赞成；认可→approve v．批准；支持；赞成；同意→disapprove_v．不赞成 Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Think how much time we had wasted on the annoying_fly, and I really felt annoyed.(annoy)‎ ‎2．For a long time, mental disability_was considered shameful and the mentally disabled_received little treatment or encouragement.(disable)‎ ‎3．The young man with great ambition_had an ambitious_plan to build a school in the poor village.(ambition)‎ ‎4．As we all know, fresh air is beneficial_to our health and the new park benefits_us all, so we should keep it clean.(benefit)‎ ‎5．I hope you will not disapprove_of my choice because your approval_means a great deal to me.(approve)‎ ‎[短语“语境记”]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎1．in_other_words 换句话说 ‎2．adapt_to 适合；适应 ‎3．cut_out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)‎ ‎4．out_of_breath 上气不接下气 ‎5．all_in_all 总而言之 ‎6．sit_around 闲坐着 ‎7．as_well_as 和；也；和……一样好 ‎8．in_many_ways 在很多方面 ‎9．make_fun_of 取笑 ‎10．never_mind 不必担心 ‎11．all_the_best (口语)(祝你)一切顺利 ‎12．meet_with 遇到；经历；会晤 ‎(二)选用上述短语填空 ‎1．When she didn't arrive on time, we were worried that she might have_met_with_an accident.‎ ‎2．I've cut down on the number of cigarettes I smoke, but I'd like to cut_out smoking altogether.‎ ‎3．He looks like his father in_many_ways,_such as eyes, the nose and so on.‎ ‎4．Susan sits_around_and does nothing while I do all the work.‎ ‎5．The other children were always making_fun_of_him because he was fat and wore glasses.‎ ‎6．So you made a little mistake！Never_mind_about that: it wasn't serious.‎ ‎7．For a start, it would be hard adapting_to a new culture.‎ ‎8．All_in_all,_we had a good time at the barbecue party.‎ ‎9．They asked him to leave — in_other_words,_he was fired.‎ ‎10．I was late for the meeting so I started running, and when I got there I was totally out_of_breath.‎ ‎[句式“仿写通”]‎ ‎1．Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered.‎ 有时候我的身体也太虚弱，上不了学，因此落下了很多功课。‎ ‎[解读]　too ... to ...“太……而不能……”。‎ ‎[仿写]　说实话，他很固执，你说服不了他戒烟。‎ To be honest, he is too_stubborn_for_you_to_persuade him to give up ‎ smoking.‎ ‎2．I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.‎ 我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。‎ ‎[解读]　feeling sorry for myself是现在分词短语作伴随状语。‎ ‎[仿写]　你每天早晨醒来都感到精力充沛并准备好开始新的一天吗？‎ Do you wake up every morning feeling_energetic_and ready to start a new day?‎ ‎[第一板块　重点单词突破]‎ ‎1．adapt vt.使适应；改编 ‎[教材原句]　Unfortunately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.‎ 不幸的是，大夫们不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。‎ ‎(1)adapt to　　　　　　　 适应；适合 adapt ...to 使……适应……‎ ‎(2)adapt ...from 根据……改编……‎ adapt ...for 把……改写/改编成……‎ ‎(3)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的 ‎(4)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本 ‎①I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble adapting to your new school life in America, but this situation can be easily changed if you take my advice.‎ 听说你在美国很难适应新学校的生活，我感到难过，但是你如果采纳我的建议的话，这种情形就能很容易地得以改变。‎ ‎②Have you watched the TV series Red Sorghum adapted from Mo Yan's novel of the same name?‎ 你看过由莫言同名小说改编的电视剧《红高粱》吗？‎ ‎③Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.‎ 昨天，我和迈克还有玛丽一起讨论了这本古典文学的改编本。‎ ‎2．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼 ‎[经典例句]　What annoyed him most was that he had received no apology.‎ 最令他生气的是没有向他道歉。‎ ‎(1)annoyed adj.　　　　　　　 恼火的；颇为生气的 be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气 be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气 ‎(2)annoying adj. 恼人的；令人生气的 ‎①To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed (annoy), not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.(2016·江苏高考书面表达)‎ 老实说，投票者有时感到生气，不是因为他们讨厌投票，而是因为他们被分成了情感与公平两派。‎ ‎②Have you ever been annoyed with yourself when you forget something important?‎ 你有曾因忘记重要的事情而对自己非常生气过吗？‎ ‎③It is without doubt the most annoying (annoy) of all.(2017·天津高考)‎ 这毫无疑问是最令人恼火的。‎ ‎3．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺 ‎[经典例句]　I congratulated them all on their results.‎ 我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺。‎ ‎(1)congratulate ...on ...　　　　 就……向……祝贺 ‎(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；贺词 Congratulations! 祝贺！恭喜你！‎ congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 祝贺(某人)某事 ‎①You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.‎ 你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。‎ ‎②I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your success.‎ 我想对你的成功表示诚挚的祝贺。‎ ‎4．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性 ‎[教材原句]　I am sure many people will praise your cinema if you design it with good access for disabled people.‎ 如果您设计的电影院能够为残疾人提供方便，那么，我相信许多人都会夸奖您的电影院。‎ ‎(1)have/get/gain access to 有……的机会；可以进入/接近　‎ have/get/gain no access to 没有……的机会；无法获取/进入/接近 ‎(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 be accessible to ... 可接近；可靠近；可使用……‎ ‎①Across the world, 1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water.‎ 全世界有11亿人无法获取干净的饮用水。‎ ‎②Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible (access) to children.‎ 药品应放在孩子们够不着的地方。‎ ‎[名师指津]　access前通常不加冠词，且access和accessible短语中的to是介词。‎ ‎5．absence n．缺席；不在某处 单句语法填空 ‎①Please excuse my absence (absent) from class today, because I got a bad cold yesterday evening and didn't sleep well at night.‎ ‎②Dear Miss, I am writing to apologize to you for being absent from the activity of the English club on May 5th.‎ ‎6．conduct n．行为；品行；经营；管理v ‎.指挥；管理；主持；带领；导电；实施；进行 写出下列句中conduct的词性和词义 ‎①Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do.v.导电 ‎②A middleaged banker has been fined $200 for violent conduct on a train.n.行为 ‎③A young woman guide will conduct us through the forest in the next three days.v.带领 ‎④The concert to be held in the school hall tomorrow is conducted by John Williams.v.指挥 ‎⑤Attending conferences and meetings is necessary to the conduct of our business.n.经营；管理 ‎⑥Recently we have conducted a survey of 2,000 junior and senior students in order to learn more about students' reading habits.v.实施；进行 ‎[单词过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．My father did all the cooking in my mother's absence (absent)．‎ ‎2．I'd like to congratulate you on your wonderful performance.‎ ‎3．I get annoyed (annoy) when someone talks to me while I'm reading.‎ ‎4．All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are accessible (access) to the disabled.‎ ‎5．The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if adapted (adapt) for television, would be a hit.‎ ‎6．My grandfather often goes to the countryside, because he thinks a stay there will be beneficial (benefit) to his health.‎ ‎7．Ambition (ambitious) plays an important role in our daily life, because it is a guide for us to make decisions and choices.‎ ‎8．John applied to several companies after he resigned (resign) his position as vice president, but he was rejected over and over again.‎ ‎9．The survey conducted (conduct) by the company shows there is a large increase in customer satisfaction this year.‎ ‎10．With graduation (graduate) around the corner, I am writing to express my gratitude.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．From the flats we have an easy access to shops and schools.去掉an ‎2．It was his absent of mind during driving that resulted in the terrible accident.absent→absence ‎3．We offer our congratulation to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.congratulation→congratulations ‎4．Having settled in that remote area, the young man quickly adapted the weather.adapted后加to ‎5．As we all know, the disabled is also important members of our society.is→are ‎6．I worry about whether I can find a suit job when I graduate from university because I'm not a sociable girl.suit→suitable Ⅲ.一句多译/补全句子/句式升级 ‎1．几个月后，这个孤儿习惯了他的新生活。‎ ‎①After a few months, the orphan came_to_adapt_to_his_new_life.‎ ‎②After a few months, the orphan adapted_himself_to_his_new_life.‎ ‎③After a few months, the orphan was_used/accustomed_to_his_new_life.‎ ‎2．让我感到恼火的是，这次会议他根本就没出现，更不要说讲话了。(annoy)‎ What_annoyed_me_was that he didn't turn up at the meeting, not to mention speaking.‎ ‎3．When he came here, he always borrowed lots of English books.‎ ‎→Every_time_he_came_here,_he always borrowed lots of English books.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]‎ ‎1．in other words换句话说 ‎[教材原句]　In other words, there are not many people like me.‎ 换句话说，像我这样的人并不多见。‎ in a/one word　　　　　　　 总之；简而言之 in word 在言语上；在口头上 keep/break one's word 遵守诺言/失信；不守诺言 eat one's words 食言；收回说的话 have a word with ... 与……谈一谈 have words with ... 与……拌嘴/吵架 beyond words 无法用言语表达 word comes/came that ... 有消息说……‎ ‎①I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else. In_other_words,_I was wasting my time.　‎ 我很快就发现，我正在做的工作已经被别人做完了，换句话说，我是在浪费时间。‎ ‎②In_a_word,_my life will be much richer and more colorful.‎ 总之，我的生活将会变得更加丰富多彩。‎ ‎③Early in the morning word_came_that Mr. Black had been elected president of the company.‎ 一大早，就有消息说布莱克先生已经当选为公司的董事长。‎ ‎[名师指津]　keep/break one's word中的word不能用复数形式。‎ ‎2．out of breath上气不接下气 ‎[教材原句]　So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs.‎ 当我跑了很短的一段路之后，我就会喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息。因此上小学时有时候一些孩子见了我这种情况就会笑话我。‎ hold one's breath　　　　 屏住呼吸 catch one's breath 喘息；屏住呼吸 lose one's breath 喘不过气来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 ‎①Eric came running into the room, out_of_breath and red in the face.‎ 埃里克上气不接下气地跑进房间，满脸通红。‎ ‎②We all held_our_breath while Mr. Evans announced the exam results.‎ 埃文斯先生宣布考试成绩时，我们都屏住呼吸。‎ ‎③When we got to the top of the mountain, we were nearly lost_our_breath.‎ 当我们到达山顶时，我们几乎喘不过气来了。‎ ‎[联想发散]　“out of ＋n.”短语还有：‎ ‎①out of sight　　　　　　 看不见 ‎②out of control 失控 ‎③out of date 过期；过时 ‎④out of order 出毛病 ‎⑤out of patience 不耐烦；不能忍受 ‎⑥out of question 没问题；毫无疑问 ‎⑦out of balance 失去平衡 ‎⑧out of shape 变形 ‎3．I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling_sorry_for_myself.‎ 我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。‎ feeling sorry for myself为现在分词短语作伴随状语。现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示伴随情况，所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，且与句子的主语即逻辑主语是主动关系。‎ ‎(1)现在分词除在句中作状语外，还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等。‎ ‎(2)现在分词作状语除了表示伴随以外，还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等。‎ ‎①Using (use) his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave.‎ 尼古拉斯用他的滑雪板建了一个雪洞。‎ ‎②Adding (add) them all up, we can find the answer.‎ 如果把它们都加起来，我们就可以得到答案。‎ ‎③Although living (live) miles away, he attended the course.‎ 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.短语填空 ‎1．用word的短语填空 ‎①May I have_a_word_with you at the end of the lesson?‎ ‎②Everybody was touched beyond_words after they heard her moving story.‎ ‎③He has been working too much, and is not at all well. In_other_words,_he needs a holiday.‎ ‎④He had promised to keep the novel for me, but he broke_his_word and lent it to someone else.‎ ‎⑤Jack failed to return my tennis bat on time again. He is always eating_his_words.‎ ‎2．用breath的短语填空 ‎①He ran so fast that he was soon out_of_breath.‎ ‎②The news was so unexpected that I caught_my_breath from shock.‎ ‎③Before he spoke to the crowd, Jackson took_a_deep_breath to relieve his nervousness.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．尽管失败了许多次，但是他没有失去信心。(现在分词作状语)‎ Having_failed_many_times,_he didn't lost heart.‎ ‎2．史密斯先生，不知你是否能允许我问你几个问题呢？(wonder)‎ Mr. Smith, I wonder_if_you_would_permit me to ask you a few questions.‎ ‎3．他跟班上其他的任何一个同学一样，是个勤奋的学生。(as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as)‎ He is as_hardworking_a_boy_as anyone else in his class.‎ ‎4．每次我经过这个房子，我们都能听到这个小男孩的甜美的问候。(every time)‎ Every_time_I_pass_the_house,_we can hear the sweet greeting of the little boy.‎ ‎5．他的目标是考上一所重点大学。(be to do)‎ His goal is_to_go_to_a_key_university.‎ 一、表达能力——用课文词汇写高分作文 dignity， disabled， ambitious， graduation， encourage， assist， companion， approval， adapted， access， congratulations ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①迈克尔是一位美国作家。他眼睛有残疾。‎ Michael is an American writer. He is_disabled_in eyesight.‎ ‎②尽管他很笨拙，但是他很有雄心，想有尊严地活着。‎ Though he is clumsy, he was_ambitious and wanted to live a life with_dignity.‎ ‎③毕业后，在伙伴的鼓励和帮助下，他接触了文学。‎ After_graduation,_encouraged_and_assisted by his companions,_he had_access_to_literature.‎ ‎④现在他的作品已被改编为电影。‎ Now his works have_been_adapted_for films.‎ ‎⑤他的作品获得了广泛的赞同和祝贺。‎ His works have gained wide approval_and_congratulations.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用非限制性定语从句升级句①‎ Michael_is_an_American_writer,_who_is_disabled_in_eyesight.‎ ‎(2)用现在分词作状语升级句②‎ Though_being_clumsy,_he_was_ambitious_and_wanted_to_live_a_life_with_dignity.‎ ‎(3)用限制性定语从句合并④⑤两句 Now_his_works_have_been_adapted_for_films_which_have_gained_wide_approval_and_congratulations.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇 Michael_is_an_American_writer,_who_is_disabled_in_eyesight._Though_being_clumsy,_he_was_ambitious_and_wanted_to_live_a_life_with_dignity._After_graduation,_encouraged_and_assisted_by_his_companions,_he_had_access_to_literature._Now_his_works_have_been_adapted_for_films_which_have_gained_wide_approval_and_congratulations.‎ 二、阅读能力——用课文句型解构高考长难句 ‎[本单元突破点——that引导宾语从句及so that引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 So I'd like to suggest that the seats at the back be placed higher than those at the front so that everyone can see the screen easily.‎ 本句是含多个从句的复合句。that引导的是宾语从句；so that引导的是目的状语从句。‎ 但他很快发现他爱上了演奏这种乐器并且很投入地去训练，结果几个月之内他就弹得相当好了。‎ 真题长难句 But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.(2017·江苏高考完形填空)‎ 本句是含多个从句的复合句。第一个that引导的是宾语从句；so that引导的是结果状语从句。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 让自己的人生活得有价值 ‎329‎ ‎8分钟 ‎(2018·成都第二次诊断)There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.‎ May you have enough happiness to make you sweet, enough difficulties to make you strong, enough sorrow to keep you human, enough hope to make you happy.‎ Always put yourself in others' shoes. If you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts the other person, too.‎ The happiest people don't necessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that comes along their way. Happiness lies for those who cry, those who hurt, those who have searched, and those who have tried, for they can appreciate the importance of people who have touched their lives.‎ Love begins with a smile, grows with a kiss and ends with a tear. The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past, and you can't go on well in life until you let go of your past failures and heartaches.‎ When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying.‎ Please send this message to those people who mean something to you, to those who have touched your life in one way or another, to those who ‎ make you smile when you really need it, to those who make you see the brighter side of things when you are really down, to those who you want to let know that you appreciate their friendship. And if you don't, don't worry, nothing bad will happen to you. You will just miss out on the opportunity to brighten someone's day with this message.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。旨在告诉人们要做自己想做的事情，充分享受人生中每一刻快乐的时光，使自己的人生活得有价值。‎ ‎1．The tone used in the passage is________.‎ A．discouraging　　　　　　　 　B．negative C．positive D．critical 解析：选C　观点态度题。根据第一段第一句“There are moments ... hug them for real！”以及下文可知，作者通篇都是以一种积极向上的口吻来论述本文的。故答案选C。‎ ‎2．Which statement does the writer probably agree with?‎ A．If you want to cry, cry.‎ B．Smile in face of death.‎ C．The best or nothing.‎ D．Nothing is impossible.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be”可知，作者认为人应该去做自己想做的事情。A项意为“如果你想哭，你就哭”，符合作者的观点。故答案选A。‎ ‎3．After reading this passage, a reader is most likely to ________.‎ A．smile and then ignore it B．think about life's hardship C．exchange shoes with a friend D．share it with some of his friends 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Please send this message to those people who mean something to you”‎ 可推知，读完这篇文章之后，读者最有可能与自己的一些朋友分享本文。故答案选D。‎ ‎4．According to the passage, we can make ourselves strong________.‎ A．by dreaming what we want to dream B．after times of attempts and failures C．so long as we are full of hopes D．if we try to make more friends 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“May you have ... enough difficulties to make you strong”可推知，经历过多次的困难，即尝试和失败之后，我们会变得更坚强。故答案选B。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 冬季户外跑步 ‎246‎ ‎6分钟 ‎(2018·河北石家庄市高三质检) It's cold and dark outside, and your bed is so warm and comfortable. Going for a run seems like such a bad idea. But before you hide your running shoes, it might be worth giving that crazy idea a go.‎ According to The Huffington Post, an outdoor run in winter, as opposed to one on a treadmill (跑步机), burns more calories because the body is working hard to regulate (调节) its core temperature. Furthermore, research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperatures — and quicker runs burn more calories. Similarly, cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.‎ Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day. The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster, but cold weather is refreshing. It adjusts you to your surroundings, making you feel alive.‎ Of course, the threat of smog in some builtup areas is a further hurdle (难关) to winter exercise. Heart attacks, strokes, lung cancer and ‎ asthma are all dangers of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems. If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days, take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust (废气), and go early in the morning, before rush hour. But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬季户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季户外跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾时进行户外活动。‎ ‎5．How does cold weather benefit runners, compared with warm weather?‎ A．They can run more slowly.‎ B．They can take in more calories.‎ C．Their hearts can function harder.‎ D．Their body temperature can get lower.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger”可知，与温暖的天气相比，在寒冷的天气里户外跑步能使心脏更健康，故C项正确。‎ ‎6．How does summer affect runners?‎ A．It builds up their energy quickly.‎ B．It makes runners tired easily.‎ C．It lessens runners' stress.‎ D．It causes heart attacks.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster”可知，夏季的炎热和湿气容易让跑步的人很快就感到疲劳，故B项正确。‎ ‎7．What are the runners supposed to do on smoggy days?‎ A．Stop driving cars.‎ B．Do more exercise.‎ C．Avoid outdoor exercise.‎ D．Run late in the morning.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.”可知，如果有雾霾，最好待在室内，等到天气晴朗时再跑步，故C项正确。‎ ‎8．What can be the best title of the text?‎ A．Refresh with a Winter Run B．Take Outdoor Exercise in Summer C．Go to Run in a Park D．Follow the Tips to Reduce Stress 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了冬季早晨户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾天气进行户外活动。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，故A作本文标题最佳。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 When winter comes, it is very cold and people are thinking of ways to stay warm and safe. In fact, here is a simple way to remember four basic steps to stay warm. Think of COLD.‎ The letter C stands for cover. __1__ Wear a hat and a coat to keep heat from escaping through the head, neck and ears. And wear good gloves to keep your hands warm. Fingers can be easily hurt in the freezing weather.‎ The O stands for overexertion (用力过度). Avoid activities that will make you sweaty. Wet clothes and cold weather are a dangerous combination. __2__ But after the game, you should put on your clothes or change your wet clothes as soon as possible or you may catch a cold. ‎ L is for layers (层). Wearing loose, light clothes, one layer on top of another, is better than wearing a single heavy layer of clothing. Make sure outerwear is made of material that is waterfree and tightly knitted (织). __3__‎ D is for dry. In other words, stay as dry as possible. __4__ These ‎ places include the tops of boots and the necks of coats.‎ And here are two other things to keep in mind — one for children and the other for adults. __5__ Drinking alcohol might make a person feel warm, but what it really does is weaken the body's ability to hold heat.‎ A．This material can make your outwear warmer.‎ B．The person may suffer a lot if he can't receive help.‎ C．When you play the game, you don't wear many clothes.‎ D．It mainly happens on your hands, feet, nose and ears.‎ E．It means you should cover your body in the cold weather.‎ F．Pay attention to the places where snow can enter clothing.‎ G．Playing with snow might be fun but it lowers the body temperature.‎ ‎1．选E　根据上文“The letter C stands for cover.”可知，E项“这就意味着在寒冷的天气里要把自己包裹起来”与上文衔接紧密，符合逻辑，故选E。‎ ‎2．选C　根据下文“But after the game, you should put on your clothes ...”可知，C项“当你们做运动的时候，你们不会穿很多衣服”衔接下文，符合逻辑，故选C。‎ ‎3．选A　根据上文“Make sure outerwear is made of material that is waterfree and tightly knitted(织)．”可知，A项“这种材料可以让你的外套更暖和”衔接上文，符合逻辑，故选A。‎ ‎4．选F　根据下文“These places include the tops of boots and the necks of coats.”可知，F项中的“the places”与“These places”相呼应，故选F。‎ ‎5．选G　根据上文“And here are two other things to keep in mind — one for children and the other for adults.”可知，G项“玩雪很有趣但是它会降低人的体温”是给孩子的忠告，空格后一句是给大人的建议，符合逻辑，故选G。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2018·山东枣庄一模)It was my grandfather's eighty birthday yesterday. As usual, all my family got together to celebrate him. We bought him a lot of present, and my father prepared a big birthday cake. At the dinner party, we sing the Happy Birthday song. He made a wish happy before he blew the candles out. With a surprise gift, I cooked a dish for him! As I had never cooked before, he was so surprised that the dish was served. My grandfather said that it was the better birthday gift he had received. Actually, my mother helped me cooked it and I had been practiced for several days.‎ 答案：第一句：eighty→eightieth 第二句：去掉him或him→it 第三句：present→presents 第四句：sing→sang 第五句：happy→happily 第六句：With→As 第七句：that→when 第八句：better→best 第九句：cooked→cook; 去掉been ‎　‎ 有关“饮食与健康”话题的文章在高考中主要以说明文的体裁出现在阅读理解文章中，也会涉及完形填空和写作等题型。题材以饮食的类型、各地的美食、人们的饮食习惯、健康的重要性以及如何保持健康为主。‎ 一、话题与阅读 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ·七选五)‎ ‎[1]If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes,‎ ‎ were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.__1__‎ ‎[2]The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.__2__We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.‎ ‎[3]I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness.__3__Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.‎ ‎[4]__4__We have done a lot of it since.Recently, we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set.There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.‎ ‎[5]__5__It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.‎ A．This time there was no tent.‎ B．Things are going to be improved.‎ C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.‎ D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.‎ E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.‎ F．After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.‎ G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)读文快一点 ‎“阅读七选五”题型在快速读完全文和浏览完选项后，要画出行文脉络图示，这一点对快解准解题目至关重要，如本文根据第一段和最后一段可知本文为记叙文，采用总分总的行文脉络方式，脉络结构如下：‎ ‎(二)做题准一点 ‎1．选D　上文说，作者一开始对野营产生过抵触情绪。但是，从下文可知，作者后来喜欢上了野营活动。本空表示意义的转折，承上启下，为下文做铺垫。故选D。‎ ‎2．选C　根据下文可知，这次野营活动从住宿、饮食到洗澡都很艰苦。故选C，对下文内容进行概括。‎ ‎3．选A　前句说，作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，后句说，这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调。故选A，起承上启下的作用。‎ ‎4．选F　根据空格后的代词We可判断所填句子中应含有复数名词，再结合空格后面一句“从那以后我们进行了很多次野营”可判断应选F项“这次野营后，我的家人都对野营相当感兴趣了”。‎ ‎5．选E　根据整篇文章的行文思路来看，此处应填一个总结升华的句子，结合空格后面一句“每个人迟早都会找到回归自然的方式”可判断选E项。‎ ‎[题后悟通]‎ 利用词汇线索解题 ‎1．从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词 英语上下文之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的同一范畴词都是特殊的同义或近义词。例如：第4题，选项F中“my family”和空后“We”为近义表达语。‎ ‎2．从词汇线索上判断——反义词 反义词往往出现在选项后的句子中，如however, instead, but 等。利用前后句中这样的特殊的相反关系常常可以很轻松地解题。例如：第3题，由空后“Instead”表示转折关系可知，转折前后的句子在语意上应该是相反的；又比如第1题，D项中“however”表示意义的转折，承上启下，为下文做铺垫。‎ ‎(三)积累多一点 ‎1．separate adj.　　　　　 单独的；各自的 ‎2．recommend vt. 推荐 ‎3．had nothing in common 没有共同之处 ‎4．mean to do sth. 目的是做某事；打算做某事 ‎5．recover from 恢复 ‎6．be talked into doing 被说服做某事 ‎7．sooner or later 迟早 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2013·北京卷)‎ 假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇周记，记述爸爸出差期间，妈妈生病，你照顾她的过程。‎ 注意：1.周记的开头已经为你写好。‎ ‎2．词数不少于60。‎ Last Monday， ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[写作规范]‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．和某人告别　　　　　 say_goodbye_to ‎2．出差 go_on_a_business_trip ‎3．患感冒 have_a_cold ‎4．面条 noodle ‎5．恢复 recover ‎6．因……表扬…… praise_...for_...‎ 第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分 ‎1．我发现妈妈感冒了。‎ I found my_mother_had_a_cold.‎ ‎2．她感觉不舒服。‎ She didn't_feel_well.‎ ‎3．我立即去给她取了一些药。‎ I immediately went_to_get her some medicine.‎ ‎4．我然后为她准备了一些面条。‎ I then prepared_some_noodles_for her.‎ ‎5．当父亲回家时，妈妈告诉了他发生的一切。‎ When my father came back home, my mother told_him_what_had_happened.‎ ‎6．我感到很高兴因为我为妈妈做了一些事情。‎ I feel very happy that_I_have_done_something_for_my_mother.‎ 第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分 ‎1．把句2改为现在分词短语作伴随状语和句1合并 I_found_my_mother_had_a_cold,_not_feeling_well.‎ ‎2．用and连接句3和句4‎ I_immediately_went_to_get_her_some_medicine_and_then_prepared_some_noodles_for_her.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分 Last Monday, my_father_said_goodbye_to_my_mother_and_me_and_went_on_a_business_trip.He_would_be_away_for_three_days.Just_the_next_morning,_I_found_my_mother_had_a_cold,_not_feeling_well.I_immediately_went_to_get_her_some_medicine_and_then_prepared_some_noodles_for_her._With_my_special_care,_my_mother_recovered_quickly.When_my_father_came_back_home,_my_mother_told_him_what_had_happened._He_praised_me_for_what_I_had_done.‎ I_feel_very_happy_that_I_have_done_something_for_my_mother.‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Most foodies (吃货) agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be tough. Now there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets and their dining out experiences.‎ Cheese & Wine Pairing app Wine and cheese can be a great combination. But which wines go best with which cheeses? Max McCalman's Cheese & Wine Pairing can help. It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and advises wines to pair with each. Max McCalman's Cheese & Wine Pairing is free for iPhones and iPads.‎ Calorific app What does 200 calories look like? It can be hard to picture. Calorific provides images of 200 calories worth of food. The pictures can help people on a diet and those who just want to eat healthier food. The app is free for iPads and iPhones. There is also a version that provides more information for a price.‎ HappyCow app Vegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. HappyCow is made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarianvegan restaurants and stores around the world. A free version of HappyCow is available for Android that has ads and requires an Internet connection.‎ LocalEats app Restaurant chains, like McDonald's, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. LocalEats is designed for that. It lists locally owned restaurants so users can try foods from that area. The app costs about a dollar.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了四款与饮食有关的手机应用程序，它们可以帮助吃货们充分了解他们的饮食，帮助他们健康节食以及提高他们在外吃饭的质量。‎ ‎1．If people want to go on a diet, they need ________.‎ A．Cheese & Wine Pairing　 　B．LocalEats C．Calorific D．HappyCow 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Calorific app部分的“The pictures can help people on a diet ...”可知，Calorific app能帮助要节食的人，diet为关键词。故选C项。‎ ‎2．How is LocalEats different from the other apps?‎ A．It is made for groups.‎ B．It is not free for iPhones or Android.‎ C．It is designed for travelers.‎ D．It is not available for vegetarians.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The app costs about a dollar.”可知，LocalEats app需要付费，再根据“Cheese & Wine Pairing app”部分的“Cheese & Wine Pairing is free for iPhones and iPads”； Calorific app部分的“The app is free for iPads and iPhones.”及HappyCow app部分的“A free version of HappyCow is available for Android”可知，其他三款应用程序均可免费使用。故选B项。‎ ‎3．What is the main purpose of this article?‎ A．To help people choose free restaurants.‎ B．To advertise the best apps for iPhones.‎ C．To introduce some healthy eating habits.‎ D．To inform foodies of some useful apps.‎ 解析：选D　写作目的题。根据首段中主题句“Now there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets and their dining out experiences.”以及四个小标题中的关键词app可判断，本文的主要目的是为吃货们提供有用的应用程序。故选D项。‎ B Taking a shower is relaxing. You can hum a song, daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world behind you. But did you know that showering can also benefit your mind?‎ A research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the U．S. interviewed over 3,000 people around the world. It turned out that nearly twothirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work.‎ So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it.‎ Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine, a hormone (荷尔蒙) closely related to our creativity. “People vary in terms of their level of creativity according to the activity of dopamine，” explained Alice Flaherty, a famous American neuroscientist. “Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring ‘Aha！’ moment to us.”‎ Besides the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with. Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories. In this way, according to American psychologist Shelley H. Carson, author of Your Creative Brain, “A showering hour may turn into an ‘incubation (孵化) period’ for your ideas.”‎ Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do less frequently in our daily life. When showering, we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity. “New and unexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking，” explained Kaufman. “Getting off the couch and jumping in the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new point of view.”‎ Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, but it needn't just be the bathroom where you get your inspiration. For instance, Gertrude Stein, a female American writer and poet, got new ideas by driving around a farm and stopping at different cows until she found the one that most inspired her. So try to create your own way to free your mind.‎ ‎4．According to the article, what changes can showering cause?‎ A．Bringing the terrible moment to us.‎ B．Setting the creative part of the brain free.‎ C．Leading to boredom or tiredness.‎ D．Increasing the level of dopamine.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine ...”可知，淋浴能够使多巴胺的数值升高。故选D项。‎ ‎5．If one has focused on something all day, showering can help ________.‎ A．turn one's attention inward B．draw one's attention to the outside world C．make an important breakthrough D．many chemical changes to take place 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“Especially when you have thought hard ... your inner feelings and memories.”可知，淋浴可以使人将注意力转向内心。故选A项。‎ ‎6．According to Kaufman, why can taking showers make us creative?‎ A．Because taking showers happens more often.‎ B．Because taking showers can make us acquire a fresh experience, inspiring us.‎ C．Because nothing but taking showers can get our inspiration.‎ D．Because taking showers can help us try something unexpected.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“When showering, we get a fresh experience”及“lead to positive changes in thinking”‎ ‎，再结合最后一段的描述可知，淋浴可以帮助我们获得新的体验、赋予我们灵感，故选B项。‎ ‎7．The example of Gertrude Stein in the last paragraph is used to ________.‎ A．encourage readers to find their own ways of getting inspiration B．point out to readers that it's hard to get inspiration C．explain how to link inspiration with readers' daily lives D．show that creativity often comes from strange places 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but it needn't just be the bathroom where you get your inspiration”及最后一句“So try to create your own way to free your mind.”可以判断，举该例是为了鼓励读者寻找适合自己的获得灵感的方式。故选A项。‎ C Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent. A new study suggests that camping in the great outdoors for a couple of days can reset your body clock and help you get more sleep.‎ The body clock is an internal system that tells our bodies when it's time to go to sleep and when it's time to wake up. Scientists track this clock by measuring the amount of melatonin (褪黑激素) circulating in a person's blood at any given time.‎ In a healthy sleeper, melatonin levels rise a few hours before bedtime, stay high through the night, and then settle back down when it's time to wake up.‎ In our modern society, however, most of us stay up many hours past sunset and would probably sleep in many hours after sunrise if we could. And the trouble is that your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning, which leads to fatigue. It may also have other health consequences as well, such as diabetes (糖尿病), overweight and heart disease.‎ Professor Kenneth P. Wright Jr. of the University of Colorado in the ‎ US wanted to see if our body clocks can be reset by a short stay in nature. His team recruited (招募) fourteen physically active volunteers in their 20s and 30s. Nine went on a weekend camping trip, while the other five stayed home. At the end of the weekend, the researchers reported that in just two days, the campers' body clocks shifted so that their melatonin levels began to rise more than an hour earlier than they did before they went on the trip. By contrast, the body clocks of the group that stayed home shifted even later over the course of the weekend.‎ ‎“This tells us we can reset our clocks fast，” Wright said.‎ Therefore, if you want to change your sleep patterns you could try to increase your exposure to natural light during the day and decrease the amount of artificial light you see at night. And if that doesn't work, there's always camping.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。生物钟的作用原理与褪黑激素在人体中的水平变化相关。现代社会中人们不按时作息常常导致褪黑激素水平在早晨时还是很高，导致疲劳，甚至是糖尿病、肥胖和心脏病等。研究发现野外宿营可以让作息不规律的人们的生物钟恢复正常。‎ ‎8．What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?‎ A．To explain how a lack of sleep is bad for our health.‎ B．To inform us of a possible way to adjust the body clock.‎ C．To analyze how the body clock influences our sleeping habits.‎ D．To explore how the body clock is connected with melatonin levels.‎ 解析：选B　写作意图题。通读全文可知，第一段第三句“A new study suggests that camping in the great outdoors for a couple of days can reset your body clock and help you get more sleep.”为文章主旨句，据此可知，本文旨在告诉人们，野外宿营几天可以调整人们的生物钟，让人们获得更多的睡眠，故B项正确。‎ ‎9．The underlined word “fatigue” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．‎ A．tiredness B．excitement C．refreshment D．pressure 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired？”及第四段第二句“And the trouble is that your melatonin levels may still be high when your alarm clock goes off in the morning, which leads to fatigue.”可知，早晨当你的闹钟响时，你体内的褪黑激素水平可能还是很高，这会导致疲劳，故画线词意为“疲劳”。‎ ‎10．What did Wright's team discover from their experiment?‎ A．The body clocks of the two groups didn't show much difference.‎ B．The body clocks of those who stayed at home remained the same.‎ C．Those staying outdoors reset the clock inside their bodies over a short period.‎ D．Changes to the body clock don't necessarily affect melatonin levels in our bodies.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第六段的“This tells us we can reset our clocks fast”可知，实验结果表明，在自然环境中人体的生物钟能快速恢复。故C项正确。‎ ‎11．According to the passage, to change our sleeping habits, we'd better ________.‎ A．set an alarm clock to wake us up on time in the morning B．try to reduce melatonin levels as much as possible at night C．spend several weeks staying in the open air every now and then D．get exposed to more natural light in the day but less artificial light at night 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，如果要改变睡眠模式，可以通过白天多接触自然光、晚上避免接触人工光源的方式来实现，故D项正确。‎ D Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead. They warn the 150minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people ‎ ‎— particularly older individuals. And trying to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked. But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.‎ There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, type 2 diabetes (糖尿病)and some types of cancer. UK guidelines for adults recommend at least twoandahalf hours of moderate activity a week, in short periods of 10 minutes or more.‎ But in two separate articles in The BMJ, experts argue the message needs to change, with greater emphasis on making inactive people move more. Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who are sedentary (久坐不动的) to make small increases in their activity levels — rather than pushing to achieve current goals. He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of energetic activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise.‎ In the second article, Prof. Philipe Sparkling of the Georgia Institute of Technology, says doctors should tailor their advice — particularly for older patients. He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss “realistic options” to increase activity — such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.‎ Prof. Kevin Fenton at Public Health England says, “Everyone needs to be active every day — short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits, but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions.” This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.‎ ‎12．What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage?‎ A．10minute exercise. B．20minute exercise.‎ C．60minute exercise. D．150minute exercise.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They warn the 150minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people — particularly older individuals.”及“And trying to reach these goals”可知，现行的锻炼目标是每周150分钟的运动量，故选D。‎ ‎13．What can we learn from the second paragraph?‎ A．10minute exercise has little effect on the health.‎ B．Heart disease happens easily to the old in activity.‎ C．Twoandahalf hours of exercise is not necessary.‎ D．Inactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and some types of cancer.”可知，不活动会引发很多疾病，故选D。‎ ‎14．What is the suggestion of Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph?‎ A．People should spend less time on exercise.‎ B．People should lower their activity levels.‎ C．People should increase exercise properly.‎ D．People should achieve their current goals.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto ... pushing to achieve current goals.”可知，Philipe de Souto Barreto教授建议人们要适当增加锻炼，故选C。‎ ‎15．Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines?‎ A．They are impractical.‎ B．They are reasonable.‎ C．They have no effect on us.‎ D．They are popular with people.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead.”‎ 可知，现行的锻炼指导原则并不实用，故选A。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 My parents owned a 500acre farm in Montana when I was young. Life there was filled not just with fun and games but __1__ as well. The lambing season was especially hard. Montana's freezing spring weather kept my parents watching __2__ mamas at all hours of the day and night __3__ a newborn lamb.‎ It was during this time of new life that my favorite childhood memory __4__. One exceptionally __5__ day, my mother spied a sheep trying to deliver her baby lamb and needed my __6__. My mother calmly held the sheep's head and __7__ me to get hold of the lamb's protruding (伸出) legs.‎ I __8__ and must have had a look of panic on my face. The little things were __9__ not something I wanted to touch. But I __10__ my courage and wrapped my fingers __11__ them. I can still remember the __12__ of the unexpectedly delicate legs. My heart beat in fear and excitement __13__ I pulled with all my strength. The lamb was delivered!‎ I was no __14__ to seeing farm animals being born, but to have a __15__ in it was something I will cherish forever. I'm sure everyone got very __16__ hearing me tell and retell my heroic story.‎ Looking back, I'm so glad that I didn't __17__ to get my hands dirty. If I had, the miraculous moment and the precious memory would have been __18__. I try to instill (逐渐灌输) that life __19__ into my children. Sometimes you need to get your hands a little dirty to experience something __20__ and pure.‎ ‎1．A.pleasure　　　　　　　 　B．danger C．dilemma D．hardship 解析：选D　根据下文的“The lambing season was especially hard.”可推知，农场的生活既充满乐趣也有艰辛。‎ ‎2．A.pregnant B．working C．desperate D．sleeping 解析：选A　结合语境“a newborn lamb”可推知，应选A项，意为“怀孕的”。‎ ‎3．A.at the risk of B．in case of C．free from D．in exchange for 解析：选B　根据语境“watching __2__ mamas at all hours of the day and night”可推知，作者的父母当时日夜看护着怀孕的母羊以防有新羊羔诞生。‎ ‎4．A.faded B．took place C．impressed D．broke down 解析：选B　结合下文可知，作者最喜欢的童年记忆发生在这段时间。‎ ‎5．A.warm B．cold C．mild D．hot 解析：选B　与上文的“Montana's freezing spring weather”呼应可知，此处表示“非常冷的一天”。‎ ‎6．A.notice B．support C．help D．operation 解析：选C　根据下文可知，妈妈在照看即将生产的羊，并需要作者的帮助。‎ ‎7．A.begged B．invited C．forbade D．instructed 解析：选D　根据语境可推知，当时母亲在指导作者如何帮助羊生产。‎ ‎8．A.wondered B．resisted C．suspected D．hesitated 解析：选D　结合语境“and must have had a look of panic on my face”可推知，作者当时有些惊慌失措，所以犹豫了。‎ ‎9．A.surely B．hardly C．only D．hopefully 解析：选A　根据下文的转折可推知，年幼的作者当时肯定是不想去触碰正在出生的小羊的。‎ ‎10．A.lost B．gathered C．searched D．lacked 解析：选B　根据上文的“The little things were __9__ not something I wanted to touch.”可知，此处表示作者鼓起勇气。gather courage在此表示“鼓起勇气”，符合语境。‎ ‎11．A.beyond B．through C．around D．in 解析：选C　根据“wrapped”可知，作者当时手握着新生羊羔的腿。wrap sth. around sth.为固定用法。‎ ‎12．A.feel B．point C．sight D．thought 解析：选A　根据下文的“delicate legs”可推知，此处表示的是触感，与上文的“touch”呼应。‎ ‎13．A.because B．as C．if D．unless 解析：选B　此处表示当作者用尽力气帮助母羊接生时，作者感到既害怕又兴奋。as意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。‎ ‎14．A.stranger B．beginner C．newcomer D．speaker 解析：选A　此处表示看农场上的动物出生对作者来说并不陌生，但是亲自参与接生这件事作者将会永远珍视。‎ ‎15．A.memory B．hand C．look D．difference 解析：选B　参见上题解析。have a hand in sth.意为“参与某事”，符合语境。‎ ‎16．A.proud of B．excited about C．tired of D．sorry for 解析：选C　根据“tell and retell”可推知，作者反复地讲自己的英雄事迹，自然会让人觉得厌烦。此处为作者用诙谐的口吻叙事。‎ ‎17．A.refuse B．promise C．choose D．pause 解析：选A　根据上文可知，作者当时没有拒绝帮羊接生，这让作者感到高兴。‎ ‎18．A.kept B．lost C．ignored D．forgotten 解析：选B　由上文的“my favorite childhood memory”和“but to have a __15__ in it was something I will cherish forever”可知，如果作者没有给羊接生，那么作者就得不到这些珍贵的记忆。‎ ‎19．A.quality B．skill C．lesson D．standard 解析：选C　很明显，作者想给孩子们讲这一人生经验(lesson)。‎ ‎20．A.upset B．funny C．thrilling D．amazing 解析：选D　由上文的“the miraculous moment and the precious memory”并结合空后的“and pure”可推知，作者认为有时人们需要“把手变脏”来经历一些“精彩和纯净的事”。‎