2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之七：北极迅速变暖，影响将波及远方

2020届二轮复习阅读理解热点话题专题之七：北极迅速变暖，影响将波及远方

‎2020届二轮复习 阅读理解热点话题专题之七： 北极迅速变暖，影响将波及远方 The consequences of a rapidly warming Arctic will be felt far afield 北极迅速变暖，影响将波及远方 读前导读：‎ 研究北极的科学家们最新的消息是，北极地区的升温速度是地球其他地区平均升温速度的两倍。研究人员说，这一趋势并没有减弱。北极迅速变暖，影响将波及远方。‎ 一：高级实词荟萃 1. consequence n 2. region n 3. trend n 4. compilation n 5. release vt/n 6. Administration. n 7. Polar adj ‎ 8. collaborate vt ‎ 9. analysis n ‎ 10. demonstrate vt ‎ 11. persistence n 12. impact n ‎ 13. Amplification n ‎ 14. Normally adv ‎ 15. Surface n ‎ 16. Reflect vt ‎ 1. Atmosphere n ‎ 2. expose vt 3. absorb vt 4. Affect vt 5. ‎ apparently adj 6. plankton n ‎ 7. steady adj ‎ 8. giant adj ‎ 9. mass n ‎ 10. comprehensive adj ‎ 11. Satellite n ‎ 12. survey n ‎ 13. Uniformly adv ‎ 14. Separately adv 15. elevation n 16. generally adv 17. irreversible adj 二：高级词汇拓展 1. compilation 汇编 n _______________ /kəmˈpaɪl/   .编写（书、列表、报告等）；编纂 2. collaborate vt协作 n.协作 ____________________‎ 3. analysis n分析 vt分析 ______________‎ 4. demonstrate vt演示 n.示范 ______________‎ 5. persistence n持久性 adj持久 ______________‎ 6. Amplification n放大倍数 vt放大______________‎ 7. Normally adv正常 adj正常的______________‎ 8. Reflect vt反映 vt反应；反思______________‎ 9. Expose vt暴露 n暴露 ______________‎ 10. Apparently adj显然是 adj显然的______________‎ 1. steady adj稳定的 adv稳定地______________‎ 2. comprehensive adj综合调整 vt理解______________‎ 3. Uniformly adv一致 adj一致的 ______________‎ 4. Separately分别 adv adj分开的______________‎ 5. generally通常地adv adj通常的 ______________‎ 6. irreversible不可逆的adj adv不可逆地 ______________‎ 三：高级短语荟萃 1. the polar region 2. ‎ the average rise 3. collaborate with 4. power of persistence ‎ 5. this icy environment ‎ 6. arctic amplification ‎ 7. expose darker regions ‎ 8. cover in snow and ice ‎ 9. the exposed water is darker and warms up. ‎ 10. as a result of this amplification ‎ 11. warmer water ‎ 12. land mass 13. blanket of ice 14. the surface elevation 原汁文章思维能力提升训练 The consequences of a rapidly warming Arctic will be felt far afield The latest word from scientists studying the Arctic is that the polar region is warming twice as fast as the average rise on the rest of the planet. And researchers say the trend isn't letting up. That's the latest from the 2014 Arctic Report Card — a compilation of recent research from more than 60 scientists in 13 countries. The report was released Wednesday by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.‎ Jackie Richter-Menge, a polar scientist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers who collaborated with NOAA on the analysis, says the findings demonstrate the "power of persistence" in the Arctic — "persistence in the warming air temperatures and the impact that is having on this icy environment."‎ That's largely because of arctic amplification. Here's how it works: Normally, snow and ice cool the surface by reflecting a lot of the sun's energy back up into the atmosphere. But warming air temperatures melt snow and ice. "And when they melt," says Richter-Menge, "they expose darker regions."‎ Darker regions, once covered in snow and ice, now absorb more heat, like a dark shirt does on a hot, sunny day. The same thing happens when sea ice melts — the exposed water is darker and warms up.‎ So what happens as a result of this amplification? Well, warmer water affects what lives in it.‎ ‎ Apparently, plankton like the warmer conditions; they're thriving. Scientists say they don't know whether that's good or bad for the rest of us. But unlike plankton, polar bears don't like the warmer water and having less sea ice around.‎ ‎"There's a strong connection between what's going on with the sea and polar bears," says Richter-Menge. In regions where the sea ice is holding steady, bears are doing OK, according to the report card. Where the ice is gone, bear numbers are down.‎ Then there's Greenland. The giant land mass is covered in ice that's a mile thick. Geophysicist Beata Csatho at the University at Buffalo has just completed the most comprehensive satellite survey of that ice cover.‎ ‎"There are some places," she says, "where in the last 20 years the ice surface is just lowering, lowering, lowering very uniformly."‎ Csatho, whose research appears separately in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences this week, says she has noticed something else about Greenland's blanket of ice: Because the ice melts from the top down, the surface elevation gets lower over time. And at lower elevations, the air generally is warmer.‎ ‎"As Greenland is losing ice, it gets more and more irreversible," Csatho explains, "because you get the ice into lower and lower elevations."‎ The research shows some exceptions to the warming trend — places where ice is building back up or temperatures are cooling. But overall, warming is winning in the Arctic.‎ 1. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ 2. What is arctic amplification?‎ 3. What is the consequence of arctic amplification?‎ ‎4. 判断正误。‎ All the places are becoming warmer because of the warming trend.(false)‎ 五：报刊复杂句式品鉴。‎ ‎1. Jackie Richter-Menge, a polar scientist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers who collaborated with NOAA on the analysis, says the findings demonstrate the "power of persistence" in the Arctic — "persistence in the warming air temperatures and the impact that is having on this icy environment."‎ 翻译：‎ 解析：本句的主干为：‎ 其中a polar scientist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers who collaborated with NOAA on the analysis,是主语的同位语。Says后面引导了一个__________________从句; the findings demonstrate the "power of persistence" in the Arctic — "persistence in the warming air temperatures and the impact that is having on this icy environment."‎ 破折号解释名词"__________________________".‎ ‎2. Csatho, whose research appears separately in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences this week, says she has noticed something else about Greenland's blanket of ice: Because the ice melts from the top down, the surface elevation gets lower over time. And at lower elevations, the air generally is warmer.‎ 翻译：‎ ‎ ‎ 解析：本句的主干为：Csatho, says ……. whose research appears separately in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences this week定语从句修饰_______________。she has noticed something else about Greenland's blanket of ice: Because the ice melts from the top down, the surface elevation gets lower over time. And at lower elevations, the air generally is warmer.做谓语动词says的__________________从句。冒号后面的句子: Because the ice melts from the top down, the surface elevation gets lower over time. And at lower elevations, the air generally is warmer解释前面的_______________________.‎ 双语赏析 The consequences of a rapidly warming Arctic will be felt far afield 北极迅速变暖，影响将波及远方 The latest word from scientists studying the Arctic is that the polar region is warming twice as fast as the average rise on the rest of the planet. And researchers say the trend isn't letting up. That's the latest from the 2014 Arctic Report Card — a compilation of recent research from more than 60 scientists in 13 countries. The report was released Wednesday by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.‎ 研究北极的科学家们最新的消息是，北极地区的升温速度是地球其他地区平均升温速度的两倍。研究人员说，这一趋势并没有减弱。这是2014年北极报告卡的最新数据，该报告汇编了来自13个国家60多名科学家的最新研究成果。国家海洋和大气管理局周三发布了这份报告。‎ Jackie Richter-Menge, a polar scientist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers who collaborated with NOAA on the analysis, says the findings demonstrate the "power of persistence" in the Arctic — "persistence in the warming air temperatures and the impact that is having on this icy environment."‎ 美国陆军工程兵团的极地科学家杰基·里希特·门奇（Jackie Richter ‎ Menge）与美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）合作进行了这项分析，他说，研究结果证明了北极地区的“持久力”——“对不断变暖的气温的持久性以及对这一结冰环境的影响”‎ That's largely because of arctic amplification. Here's how it works: Normally, snow and ice cool the surface by reflecting a lot of the sun's energy back up into the atmosphere. But warming air temperatures melt snow and ice. "And when they melt," says Richter-Menge, "they expose darker regions."‎ 这主要是因为北极的放大效应。它的工作原理如下：通常，冰雪通过反射大量的太阳能量回到大气中来冷却地表。但气温升高会融化冰雪。”里希特门奇说，当它们融化时，就会暴露出较暗的区域。‎ Darker regions, once covered in snow and ice, now absorb more heat, like a dark shirt does on a hot, sunny day. The same thing happens when sea ice melts — the exposed water is darker and warms up.‎ 曾经被冰雪覆盖的较暗区域现在吸收更多的热量，就像一件深色衬衫在炎热、阳光充足的日子里吸收的热量一样。当海冰融化时，同样的情况也会发生——暴露在外的海水会变得更暗，而且会变暖。‎ So what happens as a result of this amplification? Well, warmer water affects what lives in it. Apparently, plankton like the warmer conditions; they're thriving. Scientists say they don't know whether that's good or bad for the rest of us. But unlike plankton, polar bears don't like the warmer water and having less sea ice around.‎ 那么放大后会发生什么呢？好吧，温暖的水会影响里面的生物。显然，浮游生物喜欢温暖的环境；它们正在茁壮成长。科学家说他们不知道这对我们其他人是好是坏。但与浮游生物不同，北极熊不喜欢温暖的海水，也不喜欢周围的海冰更少。‎ ‎"There's a strong connection between what's going on with the sea and polar bears," says Richter-Menge. In regions where the sea ice is holding steady, bears are doing OK, according to the report card. Where the ice is gone, bear numbers are down.‎ ‎“海洋和北极熊之间有着密切的联系，”里奇特门奇说。报告显示，在海冰保持稳定的地区，熊的表现还不错。冰层消失的地方，熊的数量减少了。‎ Then there's Greenland. The giant land mass is covered in ice that's a mile thick. Geophysicist Beata Csatho at the University at Buffalo has just completed the most comprehensive satellite ‎ survey of that ice cover.‎ 还有格陵兰岛。巨大的陆地被一英里厚的冰覆盖着。布法罗大学的地球物理学家比塔·萨托刚刚完成了对冰盖最全面的卫星调查。‎ ‎"There are some places," she says, "where in the last 20 years the ice surface is just lowering, lowering, lowering very uniformly."‎ ‎“有些地方，”她说，“在过去的20年里，冰面一直在下降，下降，非常均匀。”‎ Csatho, whose research appears separately in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences this week, says she has noticed something else about Greenland's blanket of ice: Because the ice melts from the top down, the surface elevation gets lower over time. And at lower elevations, the air generally is warmer.‎ Csatho的研究报告本周在《美国国家科学院院刊》上单独发表，她说，她注意到格陵兰岛冰盖的另一个特点：由于冰层自上而下融化，随着时间的推移，地表海拔越来越低。而在低海拔地区，空气通常比较暖和。‎ ‎"As Greenland is losing ice, it gets more and more irreversible," Csatho explains, "because you get the ice into lower and lower elevations."‎ ‎“由于格陵兰岛正在失去冰块，它变得越来越不可逆转，”Csatho解释说，“因为你让冰块进入越来越低的海拔。”‎ The research shows some exceptions to the warming trend — places where ice is building back up or temperatures are cooling. But overall, warming is winning in the Arctic.‎ 这项研究显示了一些气候变暖趋势的例外情况——有些地方冰正在积聚或温度正在冷却方。但总的来说，北极地区的气候正在变暖。‎ 同话题泛读材料 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They ___1___ with them lots of waste. The ___2___ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the ___3___ of Kilimanjaro.‎ Hearing these stories, I’m __4___ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.‎ However, I soon ___5___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___6___ among tons of rubbish. I find a ___7___ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ___8___ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ___9___.‎ The best of a Kilimanjaro ___10___, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ___11___ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ___12___ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ___13___ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, ___14___ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather ___15___ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I ___16___ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland ___17___: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. ___18___ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ___19___ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.‎ Does Kilimanjaro ___20___ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.‎ ‎1. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring ‎2. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters ‎3. A. position B. age C. face D. name ‎4. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy ‎5. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate ‎6. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones ‎7. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean ‎8. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary ‎9. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away ‎10. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight ‎11. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded ‎12. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose ‎13. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials ‎14. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up toD. giving way to ‎15. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits ‎16. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add ‎17. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake ‎18. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally ‎19. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial ‎20. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___1___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __2___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.‎ Modem methods ___3___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___4___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___5___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___6___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___7___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___8___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___9___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___10___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.‎ 你的泛读笔记