【英语】浙江省宁波市效实中学2020届高三一模考试试题（解析版）

【英语】浙江省宁波市效实中学2020届高三一模考试试题（解析版）

浙江省宁波市效实中学2020届高三一模考试英语试题 第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Judy Wright and her husband decided to move closer to their son, Chris, who lived in Georgia. About a month after the move, Judy fell ill, suffering from her ongoing battle against Parkinson’s disease.‎ Judy’s condition worsened rapidly and she required medical care at home. The family hired a nursing aid who canceled at the last minute. Instead, a woman named TunDe Hector showed up in her place.‎ One day, TunDe shared a story with Judy and her family. She remembered a particularly difficult day in 2014, when a stranger helped her with a kind gesture. She had run out of gas, and with only $5 in her pocket, was walking to a gas station, gas can in hand. A man saw her walking and turned his car around. He paid for her gas and gave her all the cash left in his wallet. Upon hearing the story, Judy’s son, Chris, took off his hat and said, “That was me!” He was the stranger who had helped TunDe on that difficult day.‎ During the care of Judy, the Wright family learned about TunDe’s family and her own dream. The nursing aid, TunDe hoped that one day she could become an OB-GYN nurse. Her tuition was past due and she had a family to care for, but she was determined to achieve that goal for herself and her family.‎ Judy died on July 9, 2017. Instead of flowers, her family asked mourners to donate to TunDe’s education, to assist her in paying for her nursing school. In less than a week, they raised more than $8000 and presented her with the surprise check.‎ ‎1. Why did Judy’s family choose TunDe in the end?‎ A. To help her with a kind gesture. B. To look after Judy in the hospital.‎ C. To replace another nursing aid. D. To ask her to return the money.‎ ‎2. How might Chris feel when hearing TunDe’s story?‎ A. Surprised. B. Nervous.‎ C. Content. D. Puzzled.‎ ‎3. What does the whole story mainly tell us?‎ A. Constant dropping wears away the stone. ‎ B. Actions speak louder than words.‎ C. The truth never fears investigation. ‎ D. Kindness comes full circle.‎ ‎【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了Chris在2014年帮助了一位没钱的女士TunDe Hector支付了汽油费并将自己钱包中剩下的钱都给了她。几年后，这位得到Chris帮助的女士来到Chris家帮忙照看他生病的母亲的故事。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第二段Judy’s condition worsened rapidly and she required medical care at home. The family hired a nursing aid who canceled at the last minute. Instead, a woman named TunDe Hector showed up in her place.（朱蒂病情迅速恶化，她需要在家接受治疗。这家人雇了一名护士，但她在最后一刻取消了预约。相反，一个名叫TunDe Hector的女人出现了）可知，朱迪的家人最终选择了TunDe是为了代替另一个护士。故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中Upon hearing the story, Judy’s son, Chris, took off his hat and said, “That was me!” He was the stranger who had helped TunDe on that difficult day.（听到这个故事，朱迪的儿子Chris脱下帽子说:“那是我!”他就是在那个艰难的日子里帮助过TunDe的陌生人）可知，Chris听到TunDe的故事他感到吃惊。故选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。结合文章最后一段Judy died on July 9, 2017. Instead of flowers, her family asked mourners to donate to TunDe’s education, to assist her in paying for her nursing school. In less than a week, they raised more than $8000 and presented her with the surprise check.（朱迪于2017年7月9日去世。她的家人没有送花，而是要求哀悼者为TunDe的教育捐款，帮助她支付护理学校的费用。在不到一周的时间里，他们筹集了8000多美元，给了她一张意外支 票）以及文章主要内容为讲述了Chris在2014年帮助了一位没钱的女士支付了汽油费并将自己钱包中剩下的钱都给了她。几年后，这位得到Chris帮助的女士来到Chris家帮忙照看他生病的母亲，因此D选项：善有善报。符合文章主旨。故选D。‎ B California has been facing a drought(干旱) for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. Luckily, new research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted(抽 取). The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers(地下蓄水层) below this depth and found that reserves may be three times what was previously thought.‎ The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted(压实) by the weight of the earth above.‎ Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating (脱盐) the ocean water in this coastal state. Some desalination factories exist where possible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.‎ One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. The result of a thorough study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves in the state now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.‎ ‎4. How could California’s drought problem be solved according to some researchers?‎ A. By building more reserves of groundwater.‎ B. By drawing water from the depths of the earth.‎ C. By developing more advanced drilling machines.‎ D. By improving its water distribution system.‎ ‎5. What is mentioned as a consequence of pumping water from deep underground?‎ A. The sinking of land surface. B. The harm to the ecosystem.‎ C The damage to aquifers. D. The change of the climate.‎ ‎6. What does the author say about deep wells?‎ A. They run without any need for repairs. B. They are the final solution to droughts.‎ C. They are entirely free from pollution. D. They provide a steady supply of freshwater.‎ ‎【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了新的研究发现，加利福利亚的深水储备可能有助于解决他们的干旱危机。由于新的抽水方法，现在可以提取比这更深的水。斯坦福大学的研究小组调查了低于这个深度的含水层，发现储量可能是之前设想的三倍。同时也说明了深度抽水会产生的问题。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中Luckily, new research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers below this depth and found that reserves may be three times what was previously thought.（幸运的是，新的研究发现，该州的深水储备可能有助于解决他们的干旱危机。以前的钻井只能达到1000英尺的深度，但由于新的抽水方法，现在可以提取比这更深的水。斯坦福大学的研究小组调查了低于这个深度的含水层，发现储量可能是之前设想的三倍）可知，一些研究人员认为，加州的干旱问题可以通过从地球深处取水来解决。故选B。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep is the gradual settling down of the land surface.（从这么深的地方抽水的最大问题是地表的逐渐下沉）可知，从地下深处抽水的后果是地面下沉。故选A。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.（水井是更可靠的淡水来源，加州希望这些深井能解决严重的水资源短缺问题）可知，作者认为深井提供稳定的淡水供应。故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的依据一定在原文中能够找到，且正确答案通常是对原文的改写。如第2小题，A选项中sinking可对应到原文中的the gradual settling down。对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词是常见的设置答案的方式。‎ C What inspires kids to be creative and pursue academic excellence? Some teachers use rewards in recognition of students’ effort or achievement, giving them prizes, medals, certificates, or money.‎ Psychologists take opposite views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, believe that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.‎ The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in primary school children, suggesting that properly given stimuli(刺激) indeed encourage creativity, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.‎ ‎"If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."‎ A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with students lacking in creativity and motivation, Eisenberger says. As an example of the latter point, he particularly mentions growing efforts to tighten grading standards and adopt failing grades at major universities.‎ In earlier grades, the use of rewarding system, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, Eisenberger claims.‎ ‎7. Psychologists are divided in their attitudes toward _____.‎ A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards B. the amount of monetary rewards for students' creativity C. the relationship between actions and their consequences D. the effects of external rewards on students' performance ‎8. Which of the following does NOT belong to examples of “external rewards”?‎ A. Tom received a certificate for winning a speech competition.‎ B. Mary was praised by the teacher for making progress in English.‎ C. Jacky made great efforts to enter a major university.‎ D. John was offered a free summer camp due to his hard work.‎ ‎9. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?‎ A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.‎ B. Assigning them tasks which require creativity.‎ C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.‎ D. Giving them rewards they hope for.‎ ‎10. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they think _____.‎ A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students B. punishing students is more effective than rewarding them C. failing unmotivated students helps improve their academic standards D. discouraging students’ expectation of easy rewards is important ‎【答案】7. D 8. C 9. C 10. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。而教育工作者则认为适当的外部奖励刺激确实能激发创造力，但是如果给予表现不好的学生奖励则可能会扼杀创造力。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. （心理学家对外部奖励(从温暖的表扬到冷冰冰的现金)如何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点）可知，心理学家对外部奖励对学生成绩的影响的态度有分歧。故选D。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. （心理学家对外部奖励(从温暖的表扬到冷冰冰的现金)如何影响动机和创造力持相反的观点）可知，外部奖励包括表扬到现金。分析选项可知C选项“杰克努力进入一所重点大学。”并不属于“外部奖励”的例子。故选C。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段"If kids know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."（位于纽瓦克的特拉华大学的Robert Eisenberger说:“如果孩子们知道他们是为了奖励而工作，并且能够专注于一个相对有挑战性的任务，他们就会表现出最大的创造力。”“但如果对表现不佳的学生给予奖励，或者对奖励的渴望太强烈，就很容易扼杀创造力。”）提到孩子们是为了获得奖赏而从事一项具有挑战性的工作时创造力最强，而如果对那些表现不好的学生也给予奖赏则会扼杀创造力，可见Robert Eisenberger观点是给他们应得的奖励。故选C。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中"But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much desire for rewards."（“但如果对表现不佳的学生给予奖励，或者对奖励的渴望太强烈，就很容易扼杀创造力。”）可知，如果一个老师对表现不好的学生也给予奖赏就会导致学生缺乏创造力，故从文章中可以推断，各大大学正试图提高他们的评分标准，是因为他们认为奖励不好的表现可能会扼杀学生的创造力。故选A。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎“You totally missed out!” This sentence strikes fear in the hearts of teenagers more than almost anything else. In fact, missing out on something bothers most teenagers so much that there is even a special word for that sick feeling: FOMO. _______11_______ FOMO, which was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013, refers to that anxious feeling people get when they realize they are not attending a social event.‎ ‎_____12_____ In fact, one survey found that two-thirds of people in this age group admitted to experiencing FOMO regularly. If you ask teenagers whether they experience social ‎ media anxiety, most would answer no. But what they do not realize is that if they are stressed or worried about what they see online, then they are possibly experiencing FOMO, especially if they are online a lot.‎ Then how to handle the problem of FOMO? Of course, turning off the technology seems like a natural cure for FOMO. ________13________ Teenagers may still worry that they are missing out, even if they are not on social media at all.‎ The key is to turn off the technology and do something else like reading a book, giving a friend a makeup, baking cookies—anything that allows them to focus on something other than social media. _____14_____‎ It is also important to encourage teenagers to recognize that they cannot possibly be everywhere and do everything. So, naturally, there will be parties or events that they cannot attend. ________15________ Photos can be deceiving (骗人的). And even though it looks as if their friends are having a good time, this may not be the case. They should never let the fact that they couldn’t be somewhere affect their view of themselves.‎ A. FOMO has become an even bigger problem.‎ B. FOMO is especially common to people aged 18 to 33.‎ C. In simple terms, FOMO stands for “fear of missing out”.‎ D. It can be extremely helpful in changing their attitudes towards life.‎ E. But this does not necessarily mean they are missing out on something.‎ F. By doing this, teenagers are not glued to their screens and are more active.‎ G. But just switching the phone to “off” doesn’t erase the feelings caused by FOMO.‎ ‎【答案】11. C 12. B 13. G 14. F 15. E ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了如今在18到33岁的人群中普遍存在着FOMO，即社交控。同时说明了该如何处理社交控的问题。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 结合上文In fact, missing out on something bothers most teenagers so much that there is even a special word for that sick feeling: FOMO.（事实上，错过某些事情会让大多数青少年非常烦恼，甚至有一个专门的词来形容这种恶心的感觉:FOMO。）以及后文FOMO, which was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2013, refers to that anxious feeling people get when ‎ they realize they are not attending a social event.（2013年，“FOMO”一词被收入《牛津英语词典》。“社交控”指的是当人们意识到自己没有参加社交活动时产生的焦虑感。）可知本句应当承接上文解释词语FOMO的意义，故C选项“简单来说，FOMO代表“害怕错过”。”符合上下文语境。故选C。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 根据下文In fact, one survey found that two-thirds of people in this age group admitted to experiencing FOMO regularly.（事实上，一项调查发现，这个年龄段中有三分之二的人承认有社交控。）可推知本句应当为说明有社交控的人群年龄段。故B选项“社交控在18至33岁的人群中尤为普遍。”符合上下文语境。故选B。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 根据下文Teenagers may still worry that they are missing out, even if they are not on social media at all.（青少年可能仍然担心他们错过了什么，即使他们根本不在社交媒体上。）可知就算是将手机关机也不能消除社交控，因为青少年仍然会担心他们错过了什么。故G选项“但仅仅把手机调成“关机”状态并不能消除“社交控”带来的感觉。”符合上下文语境。故选G。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 根据上文The key is to turn off the technology and do something else like reading a book, giving a friend a makeup, baking cookies—anything that allows them to focus on something other than social media.（关键是关掉科技，做点别的事情，比如读书、给朋友化妆、烤饼干——任何能让他们专注于社交媒体以外的事情。）可知是在说明消除社交控的办法，本句承接上文进行总结。故F选项“这样做，青少年就不会只盯着屏幕，变得更加活跃。”符合上下文语境。故选F。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 结合下文Photos can be deceiving. And even though it looks as if their friends are having a good time, this may not be the case. They should never let the fact that they couldn’t be somewhere affect their view of themselves.（照片可能具有欺骗性。尽管看起来他们的朋友玩得很开心，但事实可能并非如此。他们不应该让他们不能在某个地方的事实影响他们对自己的看法。）可知即使青少年不能去参加聚会或活动也不代表他们就错过了什么。故E选项“但这并不一定意味着他们错过了什么。”符合上下文语境。故选E。‎ ‎【点睛】七选五 做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。如第二小题，根据下文In fact, one survey found that two-thirds of people in this age group admitted to experiencing FOMO regularly.（事实上，一项调查发现，这个年龄段中有三分之二的人承认有社交控。）可推知本句应当为说明有社交控的人群年龄段。故B选项“社交控在18至33岁的人群中尤为普遍。”符合上下文语境。故选B。‎ 第二部分：语言运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A mother and a daughter living in my community are two of the most unfriendly people I have ever come across in my life. They are totally separated, mixing with _____16_____. As they drive past ____17____ they keep their eyes looking away. The only fame they have is making a nuisance (讨厌的人) of themselves to the local police station by _____18_____ music played too loud, dogs barking more than once a day and any other _____19_____ annoyance.‎ On moving into this neighborhood, I was ____20____ of these two but decided I would make up my own mind. This proved quite a _____21_____ to me as more than once either the mother or the daughter would knock on my door and blast (猛烈抨击) me with some ____22____ or other.‎ I ___23____ answered politely and made sure I _____24_____ as they went past my place and also made the effort now and then to make a kind remark about their garden or pets.‎ Time passed and in October, as part of the kindness rock give ( 送 爱 心 石 活 动 ), Maureen and I _____25_____ to place a kindness rock in their garden. Their _____26_____ remained unchanged, however, and I continued to be as friendly as possible. During the Easter give, we decided once again to _____27_____ these two unhappy ladies to our list and left a packet of cookies on their ____28____. Imagine my ____29____ when two days later they____30____ at my gate and jokingly said they were considering hanging their Christmas stocking on their gate, and they ____31____ me a bunch of flowers!‎ So, my fellow gifters, do not ___32___ on your random gifts of kindness. You may never know just what this _____33_____ to others, nor how many broken or ____34____ hearts you may just change with a simple act of ____35____.‎ ‎16. A. nobody B. someone C. anyone D. nothing ‎17. A. ladies B. neighbors C. friends D. relatives ‎18. A. composing B. requesting C. reporting D. explaining ‎19. A. important B. easy C. interesting D. little ‎20. A. accused B. warned C. reminded D. convinced ‎21. A. challenge B. job C. task D. matter ‎22. A. joke B. advice C. explanation D. complaint ‎23. A. seldom B. never C. always D. sometimes ‎24. A. waved B. stared C. noticed D. laughed ‎25. A. started B. continued C. mentioned D. decided ‎26. A. manner B. attitude C. decision D. anger ‎27. A. add B. recommend C. reduce D. drive ‎28. A. place B. roof C. gate D. fence ‎29. A. interest B. suspicion C. surprise D. pride ‎30. A. whispered B. stopped C. shouted D. wandered ‎31. A. brought B. wished C. threw D. expected ‎32. A. take in B. take up C. give in D. give up ‎33. A. refers B. means C. relates D. contributes ‎34. A. heavy B. light C. hard D. warm ‎35. A. sorrow B. hope ‎ C. imagination D. kindness ‎【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. D ‎【解析】‎ 本文是夹叙夹议文。文中介绍了一对母女，不与他人交流，总是对周围的小事抱怨；作者最初来到这里得到他人的警示，但是作者希望不受他人左右，自己做决定。她通过不断的对她们表示友好，终于这对顽固的母女开始对作者表示友好。这个故事告诉人们要用自己的善良去改变他人。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查不定代词。句意：她们完全与别人隔离了，谁都不来往。A. nobody没有人；B. someone某人；C. anyone任何人；D. nothing没有什么。故选A。根据上文They are totally separated （她们完全与别人隔离了） 可知,她们谁都不来往。故选A。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她们开车经过邻居时，她们的眼睛总是移开。A. ladies女士；B. neighbors邻居；C. friends朋友；D. relatives亲戚。由上文的"living in my community生活在我的社区"和"mixing with nobody不与任何人交往"判断不与"neighbors邻居"打招呼。故选B。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们唯一的名声就是给当地警察局添麻烦，报告音乐太吵，狗一天叫不停，以及其它小麻烦。A. composing组成；写作；B. requesting请求；C. reporting报告；D. explaining解释。根据music played too loud，dogs barking等信息可知,她们向当地警局反映情况，故用reporting。故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们唯一的名声就是给当地警察局添麻烦，报告音乐太吵，狗一天叫不停，以及其他小麻烦。A. important重要的；B. easy容易的；C. interesting有趣的；D. little一点儿。结合上文music played too loud, dogs barking more than once a day可知,她们给警察说的都是一些生活里的小事情、小麻烦。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在搬到这个社区时，我被告诫小心这两个人，但我决定自己做决定。A. accused控告；B. warned警告；C. reminded提醒；D. convinced说服。结合上文可知,邻居们非常不喜欢这对母女，作者一搬到这里就有人告戒他这些情况。短语warn sb.of sth.（警告某人某事）符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是一个很大的挑战，因为不止一次，母亲或女儿会来敲我的门，用这样或那样的抱怨抨击我。A. challenge挑战；B. job工作；C. task任务；D. matter事件。根据more than once either the mother or the daughter would knock on my door and blast me（不止一次地这位女儿或妈妈敲我的门抨击我）可知，作者要和她们好好相处是个挑战。故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对我来说是一个很大的挑战，因为不止一次，母亲或女儿会来敲我的门，用这样或那样的抱怨抨击我。A. joke玩笑；B. advice建议；C. explanation解释；D. complaint抱怨。上文讲到这对母女喜欢投诉，可知她们找作者来抱怨。故选D。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我总是很有礼貌地回答他们，当他们经过我的住所时，我一定要向他们挥手致意，并且时不时地努力对他们的花园或宠物说些善意的话。A. seldom几乎不；B. never从不；C. always总是；D. sometimes有时。根据下文，作者想用自己的行动感动这对母女，故"总是"很有礼貌地同她们讲话。故选C。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我总是很有礼貌地回答他们，当他们经过我的住所时，我一定要向他们挥手致意，并且时不时地努力对他们的花园或宠物说些善意的话。A. waved挥动；B. stared凝视；C. noticed注意到；D. laughed笑。结合上文作者要用行动感动这对母女，因此当她们经过时，作者"挥手"向她们打招呼。故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：时光流逝，到了10月，我和Maureen决定在他们的花园里放一块爱心石，作为“送爱心石活动”慈善活动的一部分。A. started开始；B. continued继续；C. mentioned提到；D. decided决定。由上文的answered politely（礼貌地回答）、make a kind remark （说好话；赞扬 ）推断作者想要向这对母女表示友善，因此"决定"把爱心石送到她们的花园里。故选D。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们的态度没有改变，我仍然尽可能地友好。A. manner礼貌；B. attitude态度；C. decision决定；D. anger愤怒。结合下文remained unchanged可知尽管作者一再表示友好，她们的"态度"仍然没有改变。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在复活节期间，我们再一次决定把这两位不开心的女士添加到我们的名单里，并在她们的门口留下了一包饼干。A. add添加；B. recommend推荐；C. reduce减少；D. drive驾驶。短语add…to…"把……加到……中"。作者决定把她们也添加到要送礼物的名单中。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在复活节期间，我们再一次决定把这两位不开心的女士加入我们的名单，并在她们的门口留下了一包饼干。A. place地方；B. roof屋顶；C. gate大门；D. fence栅栏。根据语境和下文"they…jokingly said they are considering hanging their Christmas stocking on their gate（她们开玩笑说她们考虑把圣诞袜挂在大门上）"推断作者把饼干放在她们家门口。故选C。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：想象一下我的惊讶，当两天后她们停在我的门口，开玩笑地说她们正在考虑把她们的圣诞袜挂在她们的门口，她们给我带来了一束花!A. interest兴趣；B. suspicion怀疑；C. surprise惊讶；D. pride骄傲。根据at my gate and jokingly said（在我门口开玩笑说）可知，她们开始对我表示友好，让作者感到惊讶。故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象一下我的惊讶，当两天后她们停在我的门口，开玩笑地说她们正在考虑把她们的圣诞袜挂在她们的门口，她们给我带来了一束花!A. whispered低声地说；B. stopped停止；C. shouted呼喊；D. wandered徘徊。根据后文at my gate可知，她们在作者家门口停留。故选B。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们给我带来了一束花!A. brought带来；B. wished希望；C. threw扔；D. expected期待。结合后文me a bunch of flowers!可知，她们是给作者带来了一束花。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以，我的朋友们，不要放弃你们不经意的善意礼物。A. take in理解；B. take up开始从事；C. give in屈服；D. give up放弃。根据You may never know just what this…to others 可知，不要放弃对别人的善意，不经意的善意会对人产生很大影响。故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可能永远不知道这对别人意味着什么，也不知道你会因为一个简单的善举而改变多少破碎或冷酷的心。A. refers参考；B. means意味着；C. relates与……有关；D. contributes贡献。承接上文作者建议不要放弃不经意的善举，是因为你不知道这对别人来说意味着什么。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能永远不知道这对别人意味着什么，也不知道你会因为一个简单的善举而改变多少破碎或冷酷的心。A. heavy沉重的；B. light轻的；C. hard努力的坚硬的；；D. warm温暖的。文章告诉我们，这对母女开始很固执，铁石心肠，后来在作者的感化下态度发生了改变。故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能永远不知道这对别人意味着什么，也不知道你会因为一个简单的善举而改变多少破碎或冷酷的心。A. sorrow悲伤；B. hope希望；C. imagination想象；D. kindness好意；善举。文中作者用自己的善良改变了这对母女，故本句指用善意之举改变别人。故选D。‎ 第二节（10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Beijing, together with Zhangjiakou, succeeded in getting the chance to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, which speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou City. Word came _____36_____ the Beijing- Zhangjiakou high-speed railway, located in North China, is now _____37_____ construction, and is expected to be completed by 2020 in ____38____ (prepare) for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.‎ Starting from Beijing North Railway Station and heading west through the Great Wall, the project is ___39___ (probable) the biggest challenge ever. Its designers say that the explosions needed _____40_____(dig) the tunnels will not have a negative effect on the structure.‎ The railway line has a length of 174 km as a double-track passenger line, with ten stations along its route. Enjoying _____41_____ total investment of 31.17 billion yuan ($5 billion), the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes _____42_____ the train will travel at an average of 250 km/h.‎ According to the plan, the high-speed railway will have two branch _____43_____line) — one is to Yanqing Station and the other to Taizicheng of Chongli, where the Olympic Village lies. The full railway,___44___ (include) a 70-kilometer section through Beijing, _____45_____ (complete) in four and a half years.‎ ‎【答案】36. that 37. under 38. preparation 39. probably 40. to dig 41. a 42. as/because 43. lines 44. including 45. will be completed ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于中国北方的北京至张家口高铁正在 建设中，预计将于2020年完工，为2022年冬奥会的举办做准备。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：有消息称，位于中国北方的北京至张家口高铁正在建设中，预计将于2020年完工，为2022年冬奥会的举办做准备。固定短语word came that“有消息称”，故填that。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意同上。结合句意表示“正在建造中”短语为be under construction，故填under。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：为2022年冬奥会的举办做准备。in为介词后跟名词做宾语，构成短语in preparation for“为……做准备”，故填preparation。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：从北京北站出发，向西穿过长城，这个项目可能是有史以来最大的挑战。修饰形容词biggest应用副词形式，故填probably。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：设计者表示，挖掘隧道所需的爆炸不会对结构产生负面影响。固定短语need to do sth.“需要做某事”，故填to dig。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：两地列车总计投资311.7亿元人民币（约合50亿美元），仅需要40分钟，因为列车平均时速为250公里。短语a total of“总数为；总计”，故填a。‎ ‎42题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意同上。本句为原因状语从句，表示“因为”，故填as/because。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查名词的数。句意：根据规划，高铁将有两条支线，一条是延庆站，另一条是到奥运村所在的崇礼市太子城。line为可数名词，且由two修饰应用复数形式，故填lines。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：整条铁路，包括70公里的北京段，将在四年半内完工。表示“包括……在内”应用介词including，故填including。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。句意同上。结合下文in four and a half years 可知应用一般将来时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系。故填will be completed。‎ 第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）‎ ‎46.假设你是高三学生李华，你所在的学校将举行“行走马拉松(walkathon)”公益活动，为贫困山区的孩子们筹款。请给你的美国朋友Chris写一封信，询问他是否愿意一起参加。内容包括：‎ ‎1. 介绍活动的相关内容（例如：时间、长度、参加者等）；‎ ‎2. 你对此项活动的看法；‎ ‎3. 询问对方的意向。‎ 注意：1. 词数 80左右。‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear Chris,‎ Our school is going to hold a walkathon to raise money for the kids in poverty-stricken areas. I’m writing to ask if you would like to participate in it.‎ The 10 km walkathon, which starts from our school and ends in a nearby village, is scheduled to be held from 1p.m to 4p.m this Sunday afternoon (Dec 15th). All the students will take part. I think this event is of great significance, for it can not only build up our body but help those in need.‎ Please let me know if you are interested. Hope to meet you at school this Sunday.‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一封电子邮件；假设你是高三学生李华，你所在的学校将举行“行走马拉松(walkathon)”公益活动，为贫困山区的孩子们筹款。请给你的美国朋友Chris写一封信，询问他是否愿意一起参加。内容包括：1. 介绍活动的相关内容（例如：时间、长度、参加者等）；2. 你对此项活动的看法；3. 询问对方的意向。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：walkathon（步行马拉松）；in poverty-stricken areas（贫困山区）；would like to（想要）；participate in（参与）；be scheduled to（预定）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般将来时与一般现在时。‎ 第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如I’m writing to ask if you would like to participate in it.运用了条件状语从句；The 10 km walkathon, which starts from our school and ends in a nearby village, is scheduled to be held from 1p.m to 4p.m this Sunday afternoon (Dec 15th).运用了定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节：读后续写（满分25分）‎ ‎47.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。‎ The canteen was crowded with summer campers from high schools across the city, all extremely hungry after a day's activities. I spotted an empty place and walked there. Just as I put my tray(餐盘) down, I felt a bump against my hip. The tray dropped on the table and the soup spilt all over my camp shirt and jeans. And I heard a burst of laughter.‎ ‎"Can’t you look where you are going, you clumsy fool!" I shouted, glaring at the troublemaker, a tall boy with wild hair.‎ ‎"Sorry! Can't help laughing! You look so funny!" said the boy, bending over with laughter. I was too annoyed to respond and just walked away to change my clothes.‎ The next morning, we were all assembled for roll call(点名), when I saw the same boy come running out of the dorm, his unbuttoned shirt flying behind him. Before he could slide into place, he was spotted by the Camp Commandant. As a punishment for being late, he was made to do a hundred pushups. As I walked past him later, I let out a loud laugh, saying "Sorry. I can't help laughing. You look so funny."‎ So the war of words continued in the following three days with the wild-haired boy, whose name, I found out, was Ben.‎ A mountain hike(远足) marked the last day of the camp. On the way back, I found myself left far behind my team. Soon, they were out of sight. The camp site was a long way away and I was getting anxious as evening fell. I risked taking a shortcut(近路) clung to the mountain side, but suddenly, I tripped off the path and slid right down the slope(斜坡).‎ Fortunately, my fall was stopped by a bunch of bamboo. I saw I was about ten meters below the track. There was no way I could climb up the slope as evidently I had my ankle broken. After making several vain attempts, I waited hopelessly. It got dark and I became afraid.‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；‎ ‎2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；‎ ‎3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；‎ ‎4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。‎ Paragraph 1:‎ Then, I saw a faint light, and heard a voice calling out my name.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2:‎ The next day, as we were boarding the buses which would take us back to our own homes, Ben came up to me.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Paragraph 1：‎ Then, I saw a faint light, and heard a voice calling out my name. I started screaming out loud for help, but my voice sounds so weak down from the slope. Scared and exhausted, I couldn’t help thinking that maybe the campers wouldn't find me and I would die alone in the mountain. Finally, ‎ I heard "there he is." I'm saved, thank God! I told them that I had hurt my ankle, and they helped me slowly back to the camp. The next day I was going home for treatment.‎ Paragraph 2:‎ The next day, as we were boarding the buses which would take us back to our own homes, Ben came up to me. He said, "this isn’t funny at all. I hope you get better soon." “Thank you, I hope we can be friends from now on.”I said. So the battle between me and the wild-haired boy was over, and Ben and I became good friends.‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇读后续写作文。‎ ‎【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，作者在夏令营时遇到了一个头发蓬乱的高个子男孩Ben，总是说作者滑稽，和作者作对。直到在最后一天作者在登山时不小心滑下山坡，摔断了脚踝。‎ 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：然后，我看到微弱的灯光，听到一个声音在叫我的名字。所以后文应该是讲述作者获救的过程；第二段开头是：第二天，当我们准备上车回家时，Ben向我走来。本段应该写作者和Ben最后的结局是成为了朋友，结束了他们之间的“战争”。‎ 续写时要求使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语增加了写作难度，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。按要求完成写作任务。‎ ‎【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：exhausted（筋疲力尽的），couldn’t help doing（忍不住做某事）等高级词汇；宾语从句Scared and exhausted, I couldn’t help thinking that maybe the campers wouldn't find me and I would die alone in the mountain.；并列句So the battle between me and the wild-haired boy was over, and Ben and I became good friends.等高级句式。‎