【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题特殊句式（8页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题特殊句式（8页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题特殊句式 倒装句 ‎1．部分倒装 ‎(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely ... when ..., no sooner ... than ..., not only ... but also ..., not until, nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。‎ Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.‎ 直到我失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。‎ ‎(2)“only＋状语/状语从句”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.‎ 只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。‎ ‎(3)so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ Such great progress did he make that he was praised.‎ 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。‎ ‎(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。‎ I saw the film Harry Potter last week; so did she.‎ 上周我看了《哈利·波特》这部电影，她也看了。‎ ‎2．全部倒装 ‎(1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。‎ John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.‎ 约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。‎ South of the river lies a small factory.‎ 河的南面有一个小工厂。‎ ‎(2)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副 词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。‎ Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.‎ 出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多其他的宾客。‎ 强　调 ‎1.强调句型 ‎(1)强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。‎ It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.‎ 只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。‎ ‎[名师指津]　强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。‎ It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.‎ 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。‎ ‎(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？‎ Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?‎ 他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？‎ ‎(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？‎ When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?‎ 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？‎ ‎[名师指津]　由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。‎ She doesn't know who it was that saved her son.‎ 她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。‎ ‎(4)not ... until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until ... ＋that＋句子其他部分。‎ It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.‎ 直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。‎ ‎2．强调谓语动词 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。‎ She did tell me her address, but I forgot all about it.‎ 她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。‎ 省　略 ‎1.状语从句中的省略 在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。‎ All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.‎ 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。‎ ‎2．动词不定式的省略 在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。‎ The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.‎ 那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。‎ ‎3．常用的省略结构 其他特殊句式 ‎1．感叹句的3种常见句式 ‎(1)What (＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ What beautiful flowers they are!‎ 多么美丽的花啊！‎ ‎(2)How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ How clever a boy he is！＝What a clever boy he is!‎ 多聪明的男孩呀！‎ ‎(3)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！‎ How high the mountain is！这山真高呀！‎ ‎2．反意疑问句 反意疑问句由“陈述句＋反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式，反之亦然。‎ ‎(1)陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句 ‎①当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn't; 当mustn't (不允许，禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must。‎ You must go now, needn't you?‎ 你现在必须走，不是吗？‎ You mustn't smoke here, must you?‎ 你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？‎ ‎②当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式要根据must后面的动词发生的时间确定。‎ You must have watched the football match last night, didn't you?‎ 你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了，是吧？‎ ‎(2)陈述部分含有used to时，疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可。‎ You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you?‎ 你过去常常踢足球，是吗？‎ ‎(3)陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句 ‎①当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定式。‎ He could hardly get up, could he?‎ 他几乎起不来了，不是吗？‎ ‎②陈述部分含有由否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，疑问部分一般用否定式。‎ Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she?‎ 玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？‎ ‎(4)陈述部分含有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和主句的主语保持一致。‎ He said that she would come here on time, didn't he?‎ 他说她会准时来这里，不是吗？‎ ‎[名师指津]　当主句是I think/believe/suppose等结构时，反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定，需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。‎ I don't think he will attend the meeting on time, will he?‎ 我认为他不会准时参加会议，是吗？‎ ‎[专题过关训练] ‎ ‎[题点全面练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．The design on the back_shows (show) the yelloweyed penguin, one of the world's rarest penguins.‎ ‎2．(2018·哈尔滨六中模拟)In the pool, Bob, my instructor, demanded we do what he did. One of the drills was (be) to take our masks off at the bottom of the deep end, replace them, and clear them of water.‎ ‎3．(2018·衡水中学模拟)Many psychologists today are (be) working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around.‎ ‎4．(2018·石家庄二中模拟)A report published on Dec.6 says this style of healthcare, which includes (include) different forms like herbal medicine and exercise, has spread to 183 countries and regions.‎ ‎5．Not until the early 19th century were (be) nail paints changed into the nail polish that we see today.‎ ‎6．(2018·合肥模拟) Its success is very encouraging in today's television world where reality shows have_played(play) a leading part so far.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·陕西西安中学模拟) In a word, once enjoying, the song will never be forgotten.enjoying→enjoyed ‎2．(2018·贵州遵义航天高中模拟)Compared with online games, many traditional games, like hideandseek, benefits kids mentally and physically. ‎ benefits→benefit ‎3．(2018·河北衡水中学模拟)98% of the surface are covered permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline.are→is ‎4．(2018·吉林东北师大附中模拟)About two miles away from my home stand a mountain which is really worth touring. stand→stands ‎5．It was until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.was后加not ‎6．Such knowledge is still useful when applying to similar situations in other countries.applying→applied Ⅲ.运用语法写靓句(句型转换) ‎ ‎1．I found it so difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.‎ ‎→So difficult did_I_find_it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.(倒装句)‎ ‎2．The silence came then, each waiting for the other to let the cat out of the bag.‎ ‎→Then came_the_silence,_each waiting for the other to let the cat out of the bag.(倒装句)‎ ‎3．I didn't realize it was already too late for us to return home until it grew dark.‎ ‎→Not until it grew dark did_I_realize it was already too late for us to return home.(倒装句)‎ ‎→It_was_not_until_it_grew_dark_that I realized that it was already too late for us to return home.(强调句)‎ ‎4．The villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before in the lake.‎ ‎→It was in_the_lake_that the villagers found some strange creatures that they hadn't seen before.(强调句)‎ ‎5．Though he was tired, he managed to climb the hill. ‎ ‎→Though_tired,_he managed to climb the hill.(省略句)‎ ‎6．It is fun to take a rest after a long run.‎ ‎→What_fun it is to take a rest after a long run! (感叹句)‎ ‎[语篇综合练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2018·梅州模拟)Nowadays, more and more post90s generations will enter the workforce. They place more emphasis __1__ looking for a job that they enjoy more than other factors. Many of them hope to establish a __2__ (relax) relationship among workers. More than half of __3__ prefer the easygoing and goodtempered employers. __4__ (surprise) 10 percent of them wish to be friends with their bosses. Experts say that they are the generation of the Internet era. They have a strong __5__ (aware) of “self” and how they relate to the outside world. Guo Yun, 22, is a digital media major from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. She says that she will not mind working long hours, but prefer her boss __6__ (explain) why she has to, such as the urgency of the task.“I feel greatly __7__ (motivate) in this way，” she explains. They tend to care a great deal about the team or the management culture. They are also more outspoken about their needs, and they are likely to openly __8__ (communication) with their employers. As a result, they __9__ (admit) into most big companies more easily. I think it is their frankness and enthusiasm __10__ leaves a deep impression on their employers.‎ 语篇解读：越来越多的90后进入职场，他/她们对于工作的态度是怎样的呢？‎ ‎1．on　place emphasis on“重视，强调”。‎ ‎2．relaxing　此处修饰名词relationship，故用形容词relaxing。relaxing“令人放松的”。‎ ‎3．them　此处指代“post90s generations”，并在句中作of的宾语，故用them。‎ ‎4．Surprisingly　修饰整个句子并在句中作状语应用副词形式。‎ ‎5．awareness　不定冠词a后应用名词形式。‎ ‎6．to explain　prefer sb. to do sth.“更喜欢某人做某事”。‎ ‎7．motivated　连系动词后应用形容词作表语。motivated“有积极性的”。‎ ‎8．communicate　be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”。‎ ‎9．are admitted　此处叙述的是客观事实，they与admit之间为被动关系；又因文章时态为一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎10．that　“It is＋被强调部分＋that ...”为强调句型，此处强调主语。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·江西八所重点中学联考)Last night I was at a coffee shop. There was a wonderfully music show. As I got up to get a cup of coffee and a cookie, I notice a middleaged woman near me. Clearly, she had caught in a fire of some kind. His face was badly burned so she looked very tight. I thought how brave she was to come out but appeared in public. When I returned back to my seat, I turned towards the woman and said, “Isn't he a wonderful performers？” And I gave her the largest smile I was able to give. To my pleased, she looked right at me and gave me a huge smile for return. It was her smile which made her whole face light up last night. She was beautiful.‎ 答案：第二句：wonderfully→wonderful 第三句：notice→noticed 第四句：had后加been 第五句：His→Her 第六句：but→and 第七句：去掉back; performers→performer 第九句：pleased→pleasure; for→in 第十句：which→that