2020届普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题

2020届普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题

按秘密级事项管理★启用前 ‎202年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（打靶卷）‎ 英语试题 注意事项：‎ ‎1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。‎ ‎2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。‎ ‎3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。‎ 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ A The following properties which the World Heritage Committee （世界遗产委员会）has decided to include on the List of World Heritage are under threat.‎ Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley （Afghanistan）‎ The cultural landscape and archaeological remains of the Bamiyan Valley stand for the artistic and religious developments which from the 1st to the 13th centuries characterized ancient Bakhtria. The area contains a number of Buddhist monastic ensembles, as well as strong buildings from the Islamic period.‎ Historic Centre of Vienna （Austria）‎ Vienna developed from early Celtic and Roman settlements into a Medieval and Baroque city, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It played an important role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural buildings, including Baroque castles and gardens, as well as the late-19th-century Ringstrasse lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.‎ Okapi Wildlife Reserve （Democratic Republic of the Congo）‎ The Okapi Wildlife Reserve occupies about one-fifth of the Ituri forest in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Congo river basin, of which the reserve and forest are a part,‎ ‎ is one of the largest drainage systems in Africa. The reserve contains threatened species of primates and birds surviving in the wild. It also has some amazing scenery, including waterfalls on the Ituri and Epulu rivers. The reserve is inhabited by traditional nomadic pygmy Mbuti and Efe hunters.‎ ‎1. Which of the following heritage sites is located in Asia?‎ A. Okapi Wildlife Reserve.‎ B. Historic Centre of Vienna.‎ C. The Austro-Hungarian Empire.‎ D. Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley.‎ ‎2. Who may get interested in Historic Centre of Vienna?‎ A. Music composers.‎ B. Birds researchers.‎ C. Modem building lovers.‎ D. Natural Scenery Photographer.‎ ‎3. What do the three world heritage sites have in common?‎ A. They are all in danger.‎ B. They are closed to the public.‎ C. They feature lots of ancient buildings.‎ D. They are to be removed from the World Heritage List.‎ B The "cloud war" is taking place as the dispute between the United States and China about data hacking and computer network security grows stronger. Chinese companies such as Alibaba, Baidu and Huawei are expanding within their country and gaining customers in other countries. They are creating data centers in multiple countries and trying to sell data management services throughout the world.‎ The increasing competition in cloud computing and storage incurs the new challenge and worries some experts. They are concerned about the safety of data. After all, companies often use the cloud to store important, confidential information and to operate such activities as data-driven machinery, telecommunications, banking and transport systems — including plans for driverless vehicles.‎ Lee Branstetter is an associate professor of economics at the Heinz School of Policy and Management of the Carnegie Mellon University. He told many multi-national companies "have serious concerns about the protection of their intellectual property （知识产权）."Branstetter said some of these large companies already believe they have lost valuable information.‎ Sheila Jasanoff is the director of the program on science, technology and society at Harvard's Kennedy School. She called the cloud computing industry "unruly". In other words, the industry is not strictly governed.‎ ‎"People （in the business） are making rules as they go along or taking advantage of the lack of rules," Jasanoff said. She said cloud computing companies are not clear about what security measures they are promising customers. She is worried that a major accident may happen before governments realize the need for stronger rules in the cloud computing industry. She believes there should be internationally-accepted rules to meet the new challenge. But she does not believe an international agreement will be reached anytime soon.‎ ‎4. What does the "cloud war" refer to?‎ A. The war up in the sky.‎ B. Some kind of cold war.‎ C. The China-US relationship.‎ D. The competition on the "cloud".‎ ‎5. What concerns some experts according to Paragraph 2?‎ A. Information security.‎ B. Wars among countries.‎ C. The storage of “cloud”.‎ D. The lack of technology.‎ ‎6. Which of the following may be consistent with Jasanoff's opinion?‎ A. A major accident is bound to take place soon.‎ B. An agreement is to be reached in the near future.‎ C. The cloud industry needs guiding and monitoring.‎ D. Governments have kept an eye on cloud industry.‎ ‎7. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. China's Rise or Not B. New War, New Challenge C. Chances on Cloud Information D. Growth of Cloud Computing Industry C Recent years have witnessed the growth of luxury （奢侈品）brands. It's clear that a new generation of young, materialistic people is increasingly relying on luxury brands to improve its self-image.‎ I am a fashionista too, at least in spirit --- I love to look at clothes and shoes. But I don't understand why people spend lots of money on designer labels. When a young woman buys a handbag that costs two months of her salary, that's a scary thing.‎ What's interesting is that scientists have found that having luxury things doesn't lead to happiness.‎ Study after study has shown that although we want material things, when we get them we don't suddenly become "happy" people. In fact, a series of studies have shown that individuals who spend money on travel and similar experiences get more pleasure than those on material things. That's because experiences are more easily integrated into a person's identity. If I travel to Yunnan, that adventure affects how I think in the future. My memories become a part of me. Moreover, as Van Boven has observed, young people who pursue happiness through “things" are liked less by their peers. People prefer those who pursue happiness through experiences.‎ It's natural to want to express yourself through your appearance. So my advice is: create a look that isn't tied to a designer label. Convey your own message. Take some lessons from the late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs. He was always in Levis jeans and a black turtleneck. Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, routinely appears in hoodies and sneakers. These people, successful people, have style.‎ You don't have to break the bank to send a message about who you are. Take a trip. Go out into the world. Then come back and confidently create your own signature look.‎ ‎8. What's the author's attitude towards luxury consumption?‎ A. Favorable.‎ B. Negative.‎ C. Positive.‎ D. Unconcerned.‎ ‎9. What's the main idea of the fourth paragraph?‎ A. Material things can't bring about joy.‎ B. Experiences sink into personality.‎ C. It's better to invest in experiences.‎ D. Others' preference is of importance.‎ ‎10. Why are Steve Jobs and Mark Zuckerberg mentioned in the text?‎ A. To honor the two successes.‎ B. To advocate their experience.‎ C. To support the author's argument.‎ D. To inspire young people's ambition.‎ ‎11. What is the underlined sentence intended to express?‎ A. Do mind your financial security.‎ B. Do try to make more money.‎ C. Don't rob a bank for luxuries.‎ D. Don't spend much on your image D More than 40% of the insects around us could become extinct in next few decades. Simultaneously, the population of the adaptable and general species like that of houseflies, cockroaches and fleas is likely to bloom.‎ Although some species of insects are vectors （带菌者）of serious diseases, or others destroy crop, but a world without insects is inconceivable. Their importance in interconnected ecosystems and food chains can never be undermined. Insects have essential roles in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems as herbivores, carnivores and decomposers.‎ There are 17 times as many insects as humans, and these numbers are essential for proper functioning of all ecosystems. Insects are responsible for pollinating around 75% of the crops in the world and also serve as food for other creatures. They replenish soils and keep the number of pests in check.‎ The primary cause of this extinction is loss of habitat. Be it the grasslands or wetlands, everything is vanishing in man's quest towards intensive agriculture and urbanization.‎ Another cause of this decline is the excessive use of pesticides, fertilizers and introduced invasive species. As if this wasn't enough, climate change and pollution of all sorts have already started worsening their lives. Climate change may also cause emergence of new pests and other vector-borne insects.‎ The biggest threat of Insect Armageddon comes from Germany, where 75% of insect population have declined in just 30 years and from Puerto Rico, where due to 2 degree rise in temperature, there has been 60 fold decline in invertebrate （无脊椎的）population since the 1970s.‎ However, the fact that insects getting extinct is a global crisis is undisputed. But the neat thing about insects is, we all can do our bit to save them. We all can maintain pesticide-free kitchen gardens and organic farms. We can plant flowers and trees and invite them to nest again.‎ Maybe this tragedy would have never arisen in the first place and you would not have to read this article, if the world had stopped using all kinds of pesticides immediately after Rachel Carson had published the Silent Spring. Conserving the insect biodiversity is not our responsibility. It is a necessity because if they go, so will we.‎ ‎12. Why can't we stand a world without insects?‎ A. For their parts in global ecology.‎ B. For their longer history than humans'.‎ C. For their shockingly large population.‎ D. For the appearance of new insect species.‎ ‎13. What does the underlined word '"undisputed" in Paragraph 7 mean?‎ A. Possible. B. Doubtless C. Exact D. Flexible.‎ ‎14. Which of the following may best explain the extinction of insect species?‎ A. Climate change.‎ B. Human activities.‎ C. The abuse of chemicals.‎ D. The agriculture.‎ ‎15. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A. Calling on us to do something to save insects.‎ B. Introducing the urgent situation insects are facing.‎ C. Presenting us ways to handle the global crises.‎ D. Treating differently beneficial and harmful insects.‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。‎ A little battery puts out a little bit of electricity, so you can use it safely for your experiments. But the electricity that comes through the wires in your house or school is much more powerful 16 .‎ Inside the walls where you live or study, there are big wires that carry electricity. When you plug in a light or radio or other electrical appliance, you are putting the light or radio in the path way of the electricity. You have heard adults warn, “ 17 ，‘ Now do you know why? If you did, you would become part of the electrical path way.‎ ‎18 The electrical current coming through the wires to the wall plug is so strong that it would hurt a lot if you stuck your finger in the plug. Put your finger in there and it could be you, rather than the light bulb, that becomes part of the electrical path way. And that would hurt!‎ What if you held a piece of metal, like a fork or knife, and stuck it into the wall plug? Don't do it. Why? It's because metals also conduct electricity. 19‎ Don't touch any electrical appliance when you are wet. Can you think why? It's because water is a good conductor of electricity. When your hands are wet or when your body is in a bathtub full of water, the electricity could flow right through you and give you an awful shock, or even kill you.‎ Electricity is very useful, but it can be dangerous. 20 If so, electricity can better serve you, instead of hurting you.‎ A. Life is precious!‎ B. So stay away from wires.‎ C. Be careful, be safe and be smart.‎ D. And you would get a terrible shock!‎ E. Don't stick your finger into the wall plug.‎ F. Therefore, keep in mind some safety rules.‎ G. Your body is a pretty good conductor of electricity.‎ 第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） ‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ What is a true winner? We may be very 21 of Honda Motors.‎ In 1938, Soichiro Honda was still in school, when he started a little workshop. His plan was to sell piston rings （活塞环）to Toyota. He 22 night and day, believing he could 23 his design and produce a worthy product. Then, came the day he took a sample to Toyota, 24 to be told that the rings did not 25 their standards!‎ However, he refused to give up. 26 focus on his failure, he continued working towards his goal. After two more years of 27 , he won a contract with Toyota. By then, Soichiro Honda needed to build a factory to supply Toyota, but building materials were in short supply.‎ Again he would not 28 ! He invented a 29 process that enabled him to build the factory. But 30 , an earthquake destroyed the factory.‎ Was he 31 to give up now? No! Soichiro Honda wrote to 18, 000 bicycles shop owners and asked them to help him. 5, 000 responded and 32 him what little money they could to build his tiny bicycle ‎ engines. 33 gradually the company got great success.‎ Honda succeeded because one man made a truly committed decision, 34 it, and made adjustments 35 a continuous basis.‎ ‎21. A. envious B. familiar C. aware D. fond ‎22. A. thought B. prayed C. slept D. labored ‎23. A. perfect B. start C. win D. admire ‎24. A. only B. still C. even D. simply ‎25. A. meet B. improve C. update D. apply ‎26. A. In order to B. Or else C. Other than D. Rather than ‎27. A. silence B. explanation C. service D. struggle ‎28. A. agree B. suffer C. quit D. return ‎29. A. abnormal B. special C. responsible D. specific ‎30. A. eventually B. unfortunately C. surprisingly D. definitely ‎31. A. unwilling B. honest C. ready D. hopeful ‎32. A. begged B. promoted C. refused D. advanced ‎33. A. Or B. Otherwise C. And D. Yet ‎34. A. thought about B. acted on C. reflected on D. joined in ‎35. A. on B. in C. at D. with 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ If you come across an 85-year-old woman walking slowly with a walker in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, don't take her 36 a patient. Instead she is a doctor, 37 still insists on working in the hospital.‎ Sheng Jinyun, born in 1935, a famous expert in pediatric asthma (儿科哮喘)，38 (treat) about 30,000 patients suffering asthma so far. She is known as "the 39 (much) beautiful grandma doctor" by others. However, she still sees 40 patients every day. Sheng has always stuck to her post though she had two bones 40 (break) in a fall a month ago.‎ So now she can only walk with the help of a walker. Others don't understand her. In their eyes, she 41 (expect) to live a peaceful life in this old age. But she wants to cure more 42 (child).‎ One of Sheng's most 43 (impress) experiences happened in her 50s. She saw 146 patients from 7:45 am to 9:45 pm that day, eating nothing except some milk. Though 44 (award) the "lifelong achievement physician in pediatrics", Sheng seems not proud at all. She said it was her goal to be a diligent person 45 good doctor.‎ 第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)‎ 第一节(满分15分)‎ 假定你是李华，是伦敦孔子学院的一名助教。按照学院安排，你近期要开设一门线上课 程，介绍中国沙画文化。请你写一封email,邀请你的学生们报名参加。内容包括：‎ ‎1.课程的安排；2.报名方式；3.希望学生们都参加。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：Confucius Institute孔子学院 sand painting 沙画 Dear students,‎ ‎. .‎ ‎. .‎ ‎. .‎ ‎. .‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua 第二节（满分25分）‎ 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续 写的词数应为150左右。‎ Fresh out of high school, I had the difficult task of choosing a career path before college started in three months. In those days in Pakistan, there were limited options: becoming a doctor or an engineer, or entering the financial world after getting a business degree. I wasn't interested in engineering, so that I was left with medicine or business. I couldn't decide.‎ My uncle, one of the ciders in the family, suggested that I do a work placement to experience it for a month in an international company followed by a month in a hospital. After that, I could make a decision. It seemed like a brilliant idea.‎ I was accepted for a month's placement at a foreign bank in Karachi. I got a feel for how the world of finance functioned, made new friends, and generally enjoyed the mostly easy-going work surroundings.‎ The month passed rapidly, and soon I began working at a leading hospital in Karachi. The experience couldn't have been more different. The hospital had an intense environment. The days started early （at 7 am, compared to 9 am at the bank）, and were filled with endless duties. And the night calls! This was crazy, working all day, through the night, and again the next day.‎ I began thinking about my two experiences. The bank had offered a more relaxing atmosphere, better working hours and less stress. The hospital was full of excitement and unpredictability, but the studying and training was difficult. It seemed that the business option was going to win out.‎ Near the end of my month at the hospital, I was driving home after an especially busy night call. In front of me was a public bus, with college students sitting on the top. As the driver weaved through （穿梭）traffic, I could see the boys shaking from side to side.‎ Paragraph 1: Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Paragraph 2: The next day, when I went to hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces. . ‎ ‎ .‎ ‎ ‎ 参考答案 ‎ 第一部分 阅读第一节(A)DAA (B)DACB (C)BCCD (D)ABBA 第二节 FEGDC 第二部分 语言运用第一节 BDAAA DDCBB CDCBA 第二节 ‎36.as/for 37.who 38.has treated 39.most 40.broken 41.is expected 42.children 43.impressive 44.awarded 45.and 第三部分 写作 ‎ 第一节 ‎ Dear students,‎ As is scheduled by London Confucius Institute, I will launch an online course named China’s Sand Paintings. So I’m writing to invite you to sign up for it.‎ The course has been arranged to start from August 1, which will last one month with one lecture for each day from 9:00 am to 10:30 am. Centering on the culture, the course shall introduce in detail the history, the well-known sand painters and the future of sand paintings in China.‎ If interested, please sign up online at the institute wed before July 20. Hope you all can participate.‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua 第二节 Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus. He hit the road face down. He lay still in the middle of the road as the bus sped away. Thinking that he could die in a matter of minutes,‎ ‎ I stopped my car and carefully examined the boy. With the help of some passers-by, I lifted the unconscious boy into the car and raced back to the hospital. After his family was contacted and he was wheeled into emergency surgery, I drove home, exhausted but happy.‎ The next day, when I went to the hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces. What a feeling it was to help save the life of another person! I spent the rest of the day in a state of the most fabulous mood I had ever experienced. Driving home that evening, I decided on my career path. Two months of placements could not do what 30 minutes’ helping an accident victim had done for me. This experience taught me that at times, the decisions are made for you and that whatever happens is always for the best.‎