2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：专题二自由填空-第五讲-名词性从句

2017届高考英语（外研版）一轮教师文档讲义：专题二自由填空-第五讲-名词性从句

第五讲　名词性从句 ‎1．[2015·福建高考]—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.‎ ‎—By working out every day.‎ 答案：how　由句子结构分析“wonder”后为宾语从句，由答语内容知宾语从句中用how引导，how在宾语从句中作方式状语。‎ ‎2．[2015·湖南高考]You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.‎ 答案：where　由句子结构分析“________ you're going”为know的宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少go的地点状语，故用where引导。‎ ‎3．[2015·陕西高考]Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.‎ 答案：what　由句子结构分析，“for”后为它的宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少动词“achieved”的宾语，故用what。‎ ‎4．[2015·重庆高考]We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.‎ 答案：when　由句子结构分析，“________Karl is coming”为动词短语“find out”的宾语从句，从句中只能填连接副词，由主句的逻辑意义可知从句中应用when作时间状语。‎ ‎5．[2015·四川高考]The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.‎ 答案：why　从句子结构分析可知考查“tell”的宾语从句，且从句中的逻辑意义可知用连接副词why在从句中作原因状语。‎ ‎6．[2015·安徽高考]A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not________ ships are built for.‎ 答案：what　由句子结构分析考查表语从句，且表语从句中缺少介词“for”的宾语，故用what。‎ ‎7．[2014·大纲全国卷]Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.‎ 答案：when'分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when。‎ ‎8．[2014·北京高考]The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.‎ 答案：when'根据设空处前面的“The best moment”可知表语从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。‎ ‎9．[2014·天津高考]I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.‎ 答案：what'根据分析可知在主语从句“________impresses me about his painting”中，所缺的词作主语且表示“物”，所以填what。‎ ‎10．[2014·重庆高考]—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?‎ ‎—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.‎ 答案：why'根据句意填why。why引导同位语从句。　‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎[2011·广东高考]One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment __16__ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me __17__ the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man __18__ (sit) at the front. He __19__ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be __20__ (mental) disabled.‎ Behind him were other people to __21__ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes __22__ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.‎ I didn't want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving him __23__ his own either.‎ After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had __24__ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.‎ I'm glad I made a choice. It made __25__ of us feel good.‎ Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。‎ 本文讲述的是作者乘坐公共汽车去听音乐会；车上遇到一位精神失常的乘客后作者的经历。‎ Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。‎ ‎16．later。根据空格位置结合语义可知此处考查词形变化。‎ ‎17．until。空后为一个状语从句，考查状语从句引导词。‎ ‎18．sitting/was_sitting。考查非谓语动词作notice的动词宾补或notice后跟宾语从句。‎ ‎19．was_pretending。考查主句中谓语动词的时态及语态。‎ ‎20．mentally。考查副词修饰disabled。‎ ‎21．whom。考查介词提前的定语从句。‎ ‎22．they。由上下文可知考查代词作主语。‎ ‎23．on。考查固定短语搭配。‎ ‎24．an。考查固定用法。‎ ‎25．both。由上下文知考查代词。‎ Step 3：代入验证。‎ 需考虑语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，语法结合语义才能确保万无一失。‎ 知识 清单 ‎(1)各种名词性从句的结构特点；(2)常用连接代词及连接副词的运用条件；(3)对于what/that/whatever 学情 分析 ‎/whether/if等易混名词性从句的掌握；(4)it在名词性从句中作形式主语和形式宾语的用法；(5)that的省略情况以及各从句的时态与语序问题。‎ 考生在学习从句的过程中存在着以下几点问题：(1)句子结构分析不清，对各种从句类型无法准确判断；(2)引导词在从句中的使用情况不熟练，也不能准确运用，例如what与which，what与whatever等；(3)名词性从句与定语从句中的引导词混用，比如关系代词that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，而在名词性从句中that不作任何成分，只起连接作用；(4)对从句中的语序及时态意识淡漠，而造成一些不必要的错误。‎ 考点一　名词性从句的不同类型及其结构 分析下列例句，归纳各名词性从句的结构。‎ ‎1主语从句 ‎①That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.‎ 长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。‎ ‎②What matters most in learning English is enough practice.‎ 学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。‎ ‎③It is none of your business what other people think about you. Believe yourself.‎ 其他人怎么想你不关你的事，要相信你自己。‎ ‎④It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.‎ 显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。‎ 归纳：‎ 主语从句的结构：‎ ‎(1)_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他＋谓语＋其他。‎ ‎(2)_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：It(形式主语)＋谓语＋其他＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。‎ ‎2宾语从句 ‎①I'm afraid (that) I can't accept your invitation.‎ 恐怕我不能接受你的邀请。‎ ‎②Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school.‎ 汤姆除了有时候迟到外，还是很不错的男孩。‎ ‎③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.‎ 我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。‎ ‎④I don't think that you should go abroad in the future.‎ 我认为你将来不应该出国。‎ 归纳：‎ 宾语从句的结构：‎ ‎(1)_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：及物动词(短语)/介词＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。‎ ‎(2)_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：及物动词＋it＋宾补＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。‎ ‎(3)_____________________________________________________‎ 答案：表示情感的形容词＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。‎ ‎3表语从句 ‎①My decision was that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.‎ 我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。‎ ‎②The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.‎ 我们上次玩得很快乐是我们在游览水上公园的时候。‎ ‎③As is known to us, China is no longer what she used to be.‎ 众所周知，中国再也不是从前的中国了。‎ ‎④One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.‎ 她偏爱城市生活的一个原因是她可以很方便进出像商场和饭店这样的地方。‎ 归纳：‎ 表语从句的结构：‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：系动词＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。‎ ‎4同位语从句 ‎①We should consider the student's request that the school library provide more books on popular science.‎ 我们应该考虑学生的要求，即学校图书馆应该提供更多的大众科学方面的书籍。‎ ‎②The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.‎ 我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决。‎ ‎③I have no idea when he will come back.‎ 我不知道他将何时回来。‎ ‎④I made a promise to myself that this year, my third year in Senior school, would be different.‎ 我向自己保证：今年——我高中的第三年——将会是不同的一年。‎ 归纳：‎ ‎(1)同位语从句的结构：‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：名词＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。‎ 注意：不难发现，同位语从句的结构与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的名词的内容作进一步的解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行了修饰、限制。‎ 同位语从句常放在feeling， news， doubt， problem， promise， idea等名词后，而定语从句不受此限制。‎ 对比以下例句，辨别其为何种从句：‎ ‎①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.‎ 他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。‎ ‎②The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.‎ 你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。‎ ‎(2)句①为________从句；句②为________从句。‎ 答案：同位语；定语 考点二　名词性从句连接词的选择 名词性从句的常见连接词有：that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, when, where, why, how, how many, how much等，根据其在从句中的功能可分为三类：‎ ‎1．从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接词：what (ever), which (ever), who (ever), whom (ever)，前两组指事物，后两组指人，通常情况下，which是在语境中提供了范围才会使用，否则，指事物时使用what (ever)。‎ ‎①What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句，what作主语)‎ 她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。‎ ‎②The employers often give the job to whoever they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty.(宾语从句，whoever作主语)‎ 雇主经常会把工作给他们认为有工作经验并且有强烈责任感的人。‎ ‎[典例1]　[2015·四川成都二诊]Yon can tell about a person by ________ he says about others in their absence.‎ ‎[解析]　what　考查宾语从句用法。根据句式结构可以判断该题考查介词by后跟的宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且指事，故填what。句意：你可以通过其他人不在时，他谈论的关于他的事辨别一个人。‎ ‎[典例2]　[2015·重庆南开中学一诊]—Do you really hate Mary that much?‎ ‎—Yes, indeed. And I feel sorry for ______ marries her.‎ ‎[解析]　whoever　考查宾语从句用法。根据句式结构可以判断此处考查的是宾语从句用法，且从句中缺少主语指人，结合句意可知答案是whoever。句意：——你真的很憎恨Mary吗？——是的，的确是，并且无论谁娶她我都为谁感到难过。‎ ‎2．从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少表语、状语等成分，此时则用when, where, why, how, whether/if, how many/much等带有语义的连接词。‎ ‎①Some students even have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(宾语从句，缺语义)‎ 一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。‎ ‎②It is obvious that people hold different opinions about whether voluntary services should ‎ be financially rewarded.(宾语从句，缺语义)‎ 很明显，人们对志愿者服务是否应该有经济奖励持不同观点。‎ ‎③What is concerning us greatly is when the workers held up in that area yesterday will be set free. (表语从句，缺语义)‎ 使我们非常担心的是昨天在该区域被劫持的工人什么时候将被释放。‎ ‎[典例3]　[2015·苏锡常镇四市调研一]Having a good command of the language of the country where you're going to study is necessary, because language skills affect ________ you perform academically.‎ ‎[解析]　how　考查宾语从句用法。根据句式结构可以判断从句为宾语从句，从句中不缺主语，也不需要宾语(perform不及物)，结合语义，可知答案是how。句意：熟练掌握你要去学习的国家的语言是必要的，因为语言技能影响到你学术上如何表现。‎ ‎[典例4]　[2015·安徽安庆一中四模]There have been frequent railway accidents in China recently, and that is ________ people are concerned.‎ ‎[解析]　where　考查表语从句。根据从句位于系动词之后可知考查表语从句的用法，从句中不缺主语，也不需要宾语(被动语态)，故结合语义可知答案是where。句意：最近在中国频繁发生了几次铁路事故，那是人们关注的焦点所在。‎ ‎3．从句中既不缺少主语和宾语，又语义完整，则用连接词that。‎ ‎①It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. (主语从句，不缺成分和语义)‎ 会议推迟到了下周一已经定下来了。‎ ‎②He gave me a suggestion that we should practise speaking English in class. (同位语从句，不缺成分和语义)‎ 他建议我们课上练习说英语。‎ ‎[典例5]　[2015·福建泉州五校摸底]________ golf was first played in Scotland in the 15th century is generally agreed.‎ ‎[解析]　That　考查主语从句用法。根据句式结构可知，该题考查主语从句，且从句中既不缺成分也不缺语义，故填that。句意：人们公认高尔夫是在15世纪的苏格兰发源的。‎ ‎[典例6]　[2015·北京西城区期末]It is becoming a threat to the Chinese language and culture ________ some people can't write Chinese characters properly.‎ ‎[解析]　that　考查主语从句用法。根据句式结构可知考查主语从句用法，从句中既不缺语义也不缺成分，故填that。句意：一些中国人不会正确书写汉字成为中国语言和文化的一大威胁。‎ 考点三　whether与if的区别 ‎1．表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导不用if；当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的or时必须用whether。‎ ‎①Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)‎ ‎＝The problem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)‎ ‎＝I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)‎ 是否要开会仍然是个问题。‎ ‎②It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句末)‎ 他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。‎ ‎2．在宾语从句中whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用，但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定区别。‎ ‎(1)在及物动词后 ‎(×)I don't care whether he doesn't come.(whether从句中不能用否定式)‎ ‎(√)I don't care whether/if he comes or not.‎ ‎(√)I don't care whether or not he comes.‎ ‎(×)I don't care if or not he comes.(if不与or not直接连用)‎ ‎(√)I don't know whether to go there.‎ ‎(2)在介词后 在介词后常用whether，不用if。‎ It depends on whether you can do the work well.‎ 那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。‎ ‎[典例7]　[2015·四川雅安重点中学月考]What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious illness soon.‎ ‎[解析]　whether　考查表语从句的用法。根据句式结构可知，从句为表语从句，结合语义可知，答案是whether, 因表语从句中不能用if替换whether, 故只能填whether。句意：医生真正怀疑的是母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。‎ 考点四　疑问词＋ever引导的名词性从句 ‎1．“疑问词＋ever”引导名词性从句时，有词义，并且在从句中充当一定的句子成分。‎ ‎①Whoever breaks the law should be punished.‎ 无论谁触犯法律都应该受到惩罚。‎ ‎②Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.‎ 他无论去哪儿他的父母都担心。‎ ‎2．“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“no matter＋疑问词”互换。但“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，不能用来引导名词性从句。‎ Whatever(＝No matter what) you do, you must do it well.‎ 无论你做什么，都必须做好。‎ ‎[典例8]　[2015·重庆一中一诊]To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions ________ had used the products.‎ ‎[解析]　whoever　考查宾语从句。根据句式结构可以判断该题考查宾语从句，作“asked”的宾语，从句中无主语，结合句意可知答案是whoever。句意：为了改善产品质量，我们向所有使用过我们产品的顾客广征建议。‎ NO.1解题步骤 ‎1.分析空格的位置或句子结构，判断是否考查连词。‎ ‎2．根据从句的不同特点，确定考查的从句类型。‎ ‎3．根据不同从句连接词的特点，结合语义确定答案。‎ NO.2解题技巧 ‎1.若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连词，否则，句子结构就不完整。‎ ‎2．根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。‎ ‎3．一旦判断是名词性从句，就根据名词性从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定选用什么连词，若从句中缺少主语和宾语，用连接代词，若作状语就用连接副词；如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整，是否需要用whether/if；如果不缺少成分且意思完整则用that。‎ ‎[典例9]　[2015·东北三校模拟一]If I ask you ________ you love，the answers will most likely roll off your tongue(顺嘴说)．‎ ‎[解析]　what　分析句子结构可知需填连词，“ask”后为宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指事，故填what。句意：如果我问你爱什么，答案很可能顺嘴说出来。‎ ‎[典例10]　[2015·吉林实验中学四模]He discussed his thoughts on innovation (创新) in China, Facebook's future in the country and ________ he is studying Chinese.‎ ‎[解析]　why　分析句子结构可知，“discuss”后面为宾语从句，但从句中不缺少主语和宾语，再结合语意可知，此处应填why。句意：他谈论了他在中国思想上的创新，Facebook的未来发展前景以及为什么学习汉语。‎ ‎1.名词性从句主要侧重于连接词的选择，其解题步骤如下：‎ ‎(1)根据句型结构判断是否是名词性从句；‎ ‎(2)判断从句中的成分是否缺少主语或宾语，缺少主语或宾语选择连接代词what (ever), which (ever), who (ever)以及whom (ever)；‎ ‎(3)若从句中不缺少主语和宾语，则根据语义使用whether/if, when, where，why, how, how much/many等连接词；‎ ‎(4)若从句中既不缺少主语和宾语，亦语义完整，则用that。‎ ‎2．名词性从句中缺少主语/宾语时，常用的连接代词为what, 而定语从句中用关系代词that/which，注意区别开来。‎ ‎3．名词性从句中的连接词that只有在引导宾语从句时可以省略(且是第一个宾语从句)，其他从句中均不可省略。‎ ‎4．从句中的时态要和主句的时态保持一致，语序要用陈述句语序。‎ ‎5．名词性从句是主句中不可缺少的一部分，这也是名词性从句的特性，考生可根据此特性与其他从句进行区分。‎