上海市2019届高三高考模拟试卷（十）英语试题

上海市2019届高三高考模拟试卷（十）英语试题

上海市英语高考模拟试卷(十)‎ I. Listening Comprehension Section A (10%)‎ Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions -will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible, answers cm your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ ‎1.‎ A. Quit driving because of the traffic jam. B. Take the motorway on Saturday.‎ C. Set off earlier in case of heavy traffic. D. Take public transport to get there.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎2.‎ A. The man is fond of travelling.‎ B. The woman is a photographer.‎ C. The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.‎ D. The man admires the woman’s talent in writing.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎3.‎ A. The coffee machine is always convenient.‎ B. Coffee buyers should have the exact change.‎ C. The coffee from a coffee machine is cheaper.‎ D. Coffee buyers should wait for getting coffee.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎4.‎ A. The woman is sure to get more bonus next year.‎ B. There are some problems with the woman’s bonus.‎ C. They have to reduce the expenses this year.‎ D. The bonus is in proportion to the woman’s work.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎5.‎ A. Buy a sweater as a gift. B. Check out in the counter.‎ C. Switch to another store. D. Select a sweater she likes.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎6.‎ A. He learns it on his own. B. He starts playing the guitar quite early.‎ C. He processes the basic ideas himself. D. He finds a tutor to teach him.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎7.‎ A. The bus to the department store. B. The route for the No. 6 Bus.‎ C. The bus sent off by the store. D. The rules to take the No. 6 Bus.‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎8.‎ A. The man’s eyes are infected when swimming.‎ B. The man can’t swim before his eyes are cured.‎ C. The woman persuades the man into quitting swimming.‎ D. The woman gives the man suggestions to protect his eyes.‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎9.‎ A. Because his boss is very strict.‎ B. Because he has some work problems.‎ C. Because his boss assigned him many projects.‎ D. Because he had a hard time in sleeping.‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎10.‎ A. They are very convenient.‎ B. They cost people much money.‎ C. They take up people much time.‎ D. They have both advantages and disadvantages.‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。‎ Section B (15%)‎ Directions: In Section B，you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage and conversation，you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.‎ Questions are based on the following passage.‎ ‎11. ‎ A. She was stuck in dense fog. B. She was too old to swim for a long time.‎ C. She had been swimming for too long. D. She suffered a lot for the sea water was icy.‎ ‎12. ‎ A. She was too tired to persist in swimming.‎ B. The fog was too dense too make her see her goal.‎ C. The water was cold enough to defeat her.‎ D. She was persuaded by her mother and her trainer.‎ ‎13. ‎ A. She swam across the Catalina Channel.‎ B. She insisted on her dream.‎ C. She convinced others’ suspicion.‎ D. She eliminated discrimination against women.‎ ‎【答案】11. C 12. B 13. A ‎【解析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ Questions are based on the following passage.‎ ‎14. ‎ A. They provide a variety of subjects in their courses.‎ B. They award most degrees online to their students.‎ C. They ensure students to improve their language skills.‎ D. They have met certain standards of excellence.‎ ‎15. ‎ A. They are addicted to computer. B. They lack human interaction.‎ C. They are reluctant to meet people. D. They need physical exercises.‎ ‎16. ‎ A. His financial situation. B. His schedule arrangement.‎ C. His interpersonal competence. D. His social activities.‎ ‎【答案】14. D 15. B 16. A ‎【解析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ Questions are based on the following passage.‎ ‎17. ‎ A. They are complaining about the college life.‎ B. They are planning ways to improve study.‎ C. They are discussing ways to relax themselves.‎ D. They are talking about their study here.‎ ‎18. ‎ A. It is more informative to study here.‎ B. The students are demanded to read more.‎ C. The students need to keep up with others.‎ D. It is more difficult to get used to the life here.‎ ‎19. ‎ A. Because she doesn’t plan to deal with the problem.‎ B. Because she is puzzled by the way to write her essay.‎ C. Because she is involved too much in planning her essay.‎ D. Because she must attend too many lectures for study.‎ ‎20. ‎ A. The lectures can’t make any sense for him.‎ B. The subjects aren't related to the lectures.‎ C. The lecturers can’t attract students.‎ D. The subjects are too boring to be presented.‎ ‎【答案】17. D 18. B 19. C 20. C ‎【解析】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 此题为听力题，解析略。‎ II . Grammar and Vocabulary Section A (10%)‎ Directions : After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.‎ Zika Virus The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a global emergency over the Zika virus. The mosquito-borne virus ___21___ (link) to a surge in babies born with microcephaly (小头畸形)in Brazil since it was first found there last year.‎ The WHO was widely criticized for its slow response to the 2014 Ebola crisis in West Africa. This time, it is eager to show its responsiveness. The organization took the rare step in spite of a lack of strong evidence ___22___ Zika is directly responsible for microcephaly. The WHO estimated there could be up to four million cases of Zika in the Americas this year, but the organization hasn’t made any recommendations ___23___ (restrict) travel or trade.‎ The last time the WHO declared a public health emergency was for the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, ___24___ more than 11,000 people were killed. Similar declarations were made for polio (小儿麻搏症)in 2013 and swine flu in 2009. Such e mergency declarations are meant as ___25___ international SOS signal. They usually lead to increased efforts to stop the outbreak, as well as ___26___ (motivate) researches into possible treatments and vaccines (疫苗).‎ Zika was first identified in 1947 in Africa. So far, there have been no effective treatments or vaccines for the virus. Michael Osterholm, an American public health expert, said it was still unclear ___27___ Zika had evolved since it first appeared in Africa. But he added that even minor genetic changes ___28___ have serious consequences.‎ Osterholm said it was important for the WHO to act quickly, ___29___ the lack of definitive evidence. “For situations like this, you have to have a ‘no regrets’ policy,” he said. “Maybe this will be a false alarm ___30___ more information is available months later. But according to the evidence we have right now, the situation has been serious enough. ”‎ ‎【答案】21. has been linked ‎ ‎22. that 23. to restrict ‎ ‎24. where 25. an ‎ ‎26. motivating ‎ ‎27. how 28. may / might ‎ ‎29. despite ‎ ‎30. when / if ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。本文主要论述了一种以蚊子传播的病毒——寨卡病毒对人类有的危害。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。句意：自从去年在巴西首次发现寨卡病毒以来，这种通过蚊子传播的病毒一直被认为与婴儿小头症的激增有关。根据下文since it was first found there last year可知应用现在完成时，主语为单数名词与谓语构成被动，故填has been linked。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意：尽管缺乏强有力的证据表明寨卡病毒是小头畸形的直接原因，该组织还是采取了这一特殊的措施。本句为同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故填that。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：世卫组织估计，今年美洲可能有多达400万寨卡病例，但该组织尚未就限制旅行或贸易提出任何建议。本句为不定式做目的状语，故填to restrict。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查定语从句连接词。句意：世界卫生组织上一次宣布公共卫生紧急状态是在西非爆发的埃博拉疫情，当时有1.1万多人丧生。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整句话，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，故填关系副词where。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：这类紧急声明是国际SOS的信号。signal为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个信号”，且international为元音音素开头的单词，故填不定冠词an。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们通常会导致更多的努力来阻止疫情的爆发，同时也会激发对可能的治疗方法和疫苗的研究。本句中motivate做非谓语动词与逻辑主语they构成主谓关系，故用现在分词motivating。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意：美国公共卫生专家Michael Osterholm表示，自寨卡病毒首次在非洲出现以来，它是如何演变的仍不清楚。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，故填how。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查情态动词。句意：但他补充说，即使是很小的基因变化也可能会产生严重的后果。根据句意可知表示“可能；也许”应填情态动词may/might。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：Osterholm说，尽管缺乏确凿证据，但世卫组织必须迅速采取行动。根据句意表示“尽管；即使”应填介词despite。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意：当几个月后可获得更多信息的时候，也许这将是一个错误的警报。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”故填when。或者为条件状语从句，表示“如果几个月后能得到更多的信息，也许这将是一个错误的警报。”故填if。‎ Section B (10%)‎ Directions: Complete the following passage by using the -words in the box. Each -word ‎ can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ A. infections B. factors C. particularly D. separate E. seriously F. passive G. mixtures H. significantly I. present J. negative K. exposed Air pollution triggers (引发)more heart attacks than using cocaine and poses as high a risk of sparking a heart attack as alcohol, coffee and physical exertion, scientists said on Thursday. Anger, marijuana (大麻)use and chest or respiratory (与呼吸有关的) ___31___ can also trigger heart attacks to different extents, the researchers said, but air pollution, ___32___ in heavy traffic, is the major cause.‎ The findings, published in The Lancet journal, suggest population-wide ___33___ like polluted air should be taken more ___34___ when looking at heart risks, and should be put into context besides higher but relatively rarer risks like drug use. Tim Nawrot of Hasselt University in Belgium, who led the study, said he hoped his findings would also encourage doctors to think more often about population level risks.‎ Nawrot’s team combined data from thirty-six ___35___ studies and calculated the relative risk posed by a series of heart attack triggers and their population-attributable fraction (PAF)—in other words the proportion of total heart attacks estimated to have been caused by each trigger. “Of the triggers for heart attack studied, cocaine is the most likely to trigger an event in an individual, but traffic has the greatest population effect as more people are ___36___ to it,” the researchers wrote. “PAFs give a measure of how much disease would be avoided if the risk was no longer ___37___. ”‎ A report published late last year found that air pollution in many major cities in Asia exceeds the WHO’s air quality guidelines and that poisonous ___38___ of pollutants result in more than 530,000 earlier deaths a year. While ___39___ smoking was not included in this study, Nawrot said the effects of secondhand smoke were l ikely to be similar to that of outdoor air pollution, and noted previous research found that bans on smoking in public places have ___40___ reduced heart attack rates.‎ ‎【答案】31. A 32. C ‎ ‎33. B 34. E ‎ ‎35. D 36. K ‎ ‎37. I 38. G ‎ ‎39. F 40. H ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。科学家于本周四称，空气污染引发心脏病的风险超过可卡因，与酒精、咖啡和体力活动一样高。研究人员说，愤怒、吸食大麻、胸部或呼吸道感染也会在不同程度上引发心脏病，但空气污染，尤其是交通拥挤时的空气污染，是主要原因。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：愤怒、吸食大麻、胸部或呼吸道感染也能不同程度地引发心脏病。根据句意可知应填infections“感染”。故选A。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：研究人员说，但是空气污染，尤其是交通拥挤时的空气污染，是主要原因。修饰下文介词短语应填副词particularly“尤其；特别是”。故选C。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：发表在Lancet杂志上的这一研究结果表明，在研究心脏风险时，应该更认真地考虑空气污染等全人口的因素，除了使用药物等较高但相对稀少的风险外，还应该把这些因素考虑进去。根据句意可知应填factors，“因素”。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：发表在Lancet杂志上的这一研究结果表明，在研究心脏风险时，应该更认真地考虑空气污染等全人口因素，除了使用药物等较高但相对较低的风险外，还应该把这些因素考虑进去。修饰动词take应用副词，故填seriously，“严肃地；认真地”。故选E。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：Nawrot的团队综合了36项独立研究的数据，计算了一系列心脏病发作引发因素及其人口归因比率(PAF)所带来的相对风险，换句话说，即估计由每个诱因引发的心脏病发作总数所占的比例。studies为名词需要形容词修饰，故填separate“单独的；分开的”。故选D。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：研究人员写道:“在研究的引发心脏病发作的诱因中，可卡因最有可能引发个人的某个大事件，但交通对人口的影响最大，因为更多的人接触到它。”短语be exposed to“接触；遭受”。故填exposed。故选K。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意: “PAFs给出了一个衡量标准，即如果不再存在这种风险，可以避免多少疾病。”根据句意可知表示“不再存在”短语为no longer present。故选I。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：去年年底发表的一份报告发现，亚洲许多主要城市的空气污染超过了世界卫生组织(WHO)的空气质量指导方针，有毒污染物混合物每年导致53万多人早死。poisonous为形容词修饰名词，故填mixtures。故选G。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：虽然这项研究没有包括被动吸烟，但纳洛特说，二手烟的影响可能与室外空气污染的影响相似。他指出，之前的研究发现，在公共场所禁烟大大降低了心脏病发作的几率。短语passive smoking“被动吸烟；吸二手烟”，故选F。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：虽然这项研究没有包括被动吸烟，但纳洛特说，二手烟的影响可能与室外空气污染的影响相似。他指出，之前的研究发现，在公共场所禁烟大大降低了心脏病发作的几率。reduce为动词需要副词修饰，故填significantly“显著地；大大地”。故选H。‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15%)‎ Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A B, C and D. Fill in each blank -with the -word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.‎ Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. ___41___，individuals either react with ___42___ behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”)，or they react by ___43___ from the stressful situation (“flight”). ___44___，the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different ___45___ and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend”. That is，they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and ___46___ their young (“tend”)，and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (“befriend”).‎ Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) ___47___ by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female’s tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the ___48___ of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more social, and less ___49___,” While men also secrete (分泌)oxytocin, its effects are ___50___ by male hormones.‎ ‎___51___ everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends. or ask ___52___ if they are lost.‎ The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be ___53___ to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on the needs of her ___54___.‎ The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower ___55___ of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior, which may also explain why women on average live longer than men.‎ ‎41. A. In addition B. In other words C. . First of all D. On the ‎ contrary ‎42. A. criminal B. social C. aggressive D. resistant ‎43. A. withdrawing B. prohibiting C. removing D. isolating ‎44. A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore ‎45. A. biological B. physical C. psychological D. violent ‎46. A. nurturing B. feeding C. disciplining D. tutoring ‎47. A. restored B. released C. reversed D. stimulated ‎48. A. process B. resistance C. adjustment D. response ‎49. A. anxious B. inferior C. accessible D. reluctant ‎50. A. overweighed B. overtaken C. enhanced D. reduced ‎51. A. Regardless of B. Thanks to C. In terms of D. But for ‎52. A. directions B. permission C. companion D. support ‎53. A. held up B. left alone C. shut up D. cut off ‎54. A. children B. husband C. parents D. relatives ‎55. A. standard B. immunity C. frequency D. accuracy ‎【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. A 55. C ‎【解析】‎ 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因以及如何克服压力。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查固定短语辨析。句意：换句话说，个体的反应要么是具有攻击性的行为，如言语冲突或身体冲突(“打架”)。A. In addition此外；另外；B. In other words换句话说；C. . First of all首先；D. On the contrary相反。本句为上文的解释说明，故选B。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，个体的反应要么是具有攻击性的行为，如言语冲突或身体冲突(“打架”)。A. criminal犯罪的；B. social社会的；C. aggressive侵略性的；攻击性的；D. resistant抵抗的。根据下文verbal or physical conflict可知是攻击性的行为。故选C。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的反应是逃离压力环境(“逃离”)。A. withdrawing取出；B. prohibiting禁止；C. removing去除；D. isolating隔离。短语withdraw from“离开；逃离”。故选A。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：然而，加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究小组发现，男性和女性对压力有截然不同的生理和行为反应。A. Moreover而且；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据语境为转折关系。故选B。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：A. biological生物的；生理的；B. physical身体的；C. psychological心理学的；D. violent暴力的。与下文behavioral responses“行为反应”相对应为生理反应。故选A。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，他们经常通过保护和养育孩子来应对压力，通过寻求社会接触和来自他人的支持——尤其是来自其他女性朋友的支持。A. nurturing养育；B. feeding喂；C. disciplining训练；D. tutoring辅导。根据下文young可知是养育孩子，故选A。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家们早就知道，在应对压力的“战或逃”反应中，身体释放的某些激素起着重要作用。A. restored修复；B. released释放；C. reversed颠倒；D. stimulated促进。表示“释放”激素，故选B。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种被称为催产素的激素曾在分娩时被研究过，但现在人们正在研究它在男性和女性对压力的反应中的作用。A. process过程；B. resistance阻力；C. adjustment调整；D. response反应。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：动物和催产素水平高的人更冷静，更善于社交，也不那么焦虑。A. anxious焦虑的；B. inferior差的；C. accessible易接近的；D. reluctant不情愿的。根据句意故选A。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然男性也会分泌催产素，但它的效果会被男性荷尔蒙降低。A. overweighed超重B. overtaken超过；赶上；C. enhanced提高；D. reduced减少。表示“降低；减少”故选D。‎ ‎【51题详解】‎ 考查固定短语辨析。句意：就日常行为而言，加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究发现，在感到压力时，女性比男性更有可能寻求社会接触。A. Regardless of不顾；不管；B. Thanks to由于；C. In terms of依据；D. But for要不是。表示“就……而言；依据”故选C。‎ ‎【52题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他们迷路了，他们可能会给亲戚或朋友打电话或问路。A. directions方向；B. permission允许；C. companion同伴；D. support支持。根据下文if they are lost可知是迷路了问路。故选A。‎ ‎【53题详解】‎ 考查固定短语辨析。句意：典型的父亲想要一个人静一静。A. held up举起；B. left alone一人独处；不干涉；C. shut up关闭；D. cut off切断。根据下文enjoy some peace and quiet可知想要一人独处，故选B。‎ ‎【54题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于一个典型的母亲来说，应对糟糕的一天工作意味着把注意力集中在孩子的需求上。A. children孩子；B. husband丈夫；C. parents父母；D. relatives亲戚。母亲的注意力多集中在孩子身上，故选A。‎ ‎【55题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对压力的不同反应可能解释了这样一个事实:女性患高血压或攻击性行为等压力相关疾病的频率较低，这也可能解释了为什么女性的平均寿命比男性长。A. standard标准；B. immunity免疫力；C. frequency频率；D. accuracy准确性。根据句意表示“频率”故选C。‎ Section B (22%)‎ Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A , B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ Most of the teenagers today have realized the importance of physical activity. There are dozens of far-reaching benefits that sports can bring into their lives. Aside from providing an excellent form of exercise，organized sports can teach a young person some essential life-long lessons.‎ With an abundance of junk food at their fingertips, teenagers today often battle with eating. Playing a sport can act as great motivation for them to eat nutritious food. In order to participate fully in sports，teenagers have to have a balanced diet. Learning to eat properly and sleep correctly are important lessons that carry on to their adult lives.‎ Most teenagers have to deal with the stresses of popularity, appearance and fitting in. Participating in sports, however, can help them develop a positive self-image. If one struggles to feel like they belong, joining a team is a great way to give him or her social interaction that will eventually lead to a group of friends.‎ Team sports aren't just about developing skills for their games. Those who participate in team sports will learn the benefits of working hard, setting goals and following rules. When teens have a coach they respect, they can also learn to listen to the authority and work hard toward a common goal. Additionally, learning to deal with losses is as important as winning with dignity. A teen who learns that losses are a part of life will be able to face any difficult challenges waiting for him or her later in life.‎ Thousands of studies all agree that students feel more connected with their school and are motivated to work harder in class if they participate in sports. Sports give teens the opportunity to be around competitive people and gain an appreciation for hard work. Of course, participating in sports may also teach teenagers how to balance between two equally important things—like schoolwork and sports.‎ ‎56. Why do teenagers today tend to fight with eating junk food?‎ A. Because they don’t have a balanced diet.‎ B. Because they have easy access to junk food.‎ C. Because junk food is delicious and attractive.‎ D. Because they are motivated to eat healthy food.‎ ‎57. What does the word “interaction” mean in the third paragraph?‎ A. communication B. participation C. competition D. appreciation ‎58. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of participating in the organized sports?‎ A. Developing a positive appearance and a sense of belonging.‎ B. Learning how to balance work against play.‎ C. Learning to face up to the failure bravely.‎ D. Getting more opportunities to win among the competitive people.‎ ‎59. What is the main idea of the article?‎ A. Sports is of vital importance to the academic performance of teens.‎ B. Sports can encourage students to have a nutritious diet.‎ C. Sports can have a continuing influence on adolescents.‎ D. More and more teenagers are participating in organized sports.‎ ‎【答案】56. B 57. A 58. D 59. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。今天的大多数青少年已经意识到体育活动的重要性。体育运动可以给他们的生活带来许多深远的好处，如找到归属感、平衡工作与娱乐以及勇敢地面对失败。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 细节理解题。第二段第一句With an abundance of junk food at their fingertips, teenagers today often battle with eating.（如今的青少年触手可及大量的垃圾食品，他们经常与吃作斗争。）可知现在的青少年倾向于抵制吃垃圾食品是因为他们很容易获得垃圾食品。故选B。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据上文If one struggles to feel like they belong, joining a team is a great way to give him or her 可知如果一个人很难找到归属感，加入一个团队的方式是为了获得社会互动和沟通。故interaction意思为“沟通；交流”。A. communication沟通；B. participation参与；C. competition竞争；D. appreciation欣赏。故选A。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段Participating in sports, however, can help them develop a positive self-image. If one struggles to feel like they belong, joining a team is a great way to give him or her social interaction that will eventually lead to a group of friends.（然而，参加体育运动可以帮助他们树立积极的自我形象。如果一个人很难找到归属感，加入一个团队是一种很好的社交方式，最终会让他或她交到一群朋友。）可知参加有组织运动可以培养积极的外表和归属感。故A选项排除；根据第四段中Those who participate in team sports will learn the benefits of working hard, setting goals and following rules. When teens have a coach they respect, they can also learn to listen to the authority and work hard toward a common goal.（那些参加团队运动的人会学到努力工作、设定目标和遵守规则的好处。当青少年有他们尊敬的教练时，他们也可以学着听从权威，朝着一个共同的目标努力工作。）可知参加有组织运动可以学习如何平衡工作和娱乐。故排除B选项；根据第四段中Additionally, learning to deal with losses is as important as winning with dignity.（此外，学会处理损失和赢得尊严一样重要。）可知参加有组织运动可以学会勇敢地面对失败。故排除C选项。故D选项“在竞争激烈的人群中赢得更多的机会。”不是参加组织运动的好处，故选D。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句Most of the teenagers today have realized the importance of physical activity. There are dozens of far-reaching benefits that sports can bring into their lives.（今天的大多数青少年已经意识到体育活动的重要性。体育运动可以给他们的生活带来许多深远的好处。）以及文章主要内容主要为论述体育运动可以对青少年产生持续的影响。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题解题方法 细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。‎ 做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：‎ ‎1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。经常有新技术对将来人们工作和生活不良影响的预测，但事实证明结果并不是那样，我们有必要否定预测，以减少人们的恐惧。‎ ‎2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。‎ ‎3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。‎ 如第一小题，第二段第一句With an abundance of junk food at their fingertips, teenagers today often battle with eating.（如今的青少年触手可及大量的垃圾食品，他们经常与吃作斗争。）可知现在的青少年倾向于抵制吃垃圾食品是因为他们很容易获得垃圾食品。故选B。‎ ‎(B)‎ Chicago Doctor Invents Affordable Hearing Aid Superb Performance from Affordable Digital Hearing Aid Board-certified ear, nose, and throat physician Dr. Cherukuri has done it once again with his newest invention of a medical-grade, ALL-DIGITAL，affordable hearing aid.‎ Dr. Cherukuri knew that untreated hearing loss could lead to depression, social isolation, anxiety, and symptoms consistent with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. In his practice he knew that many of his patients would benefit from new digital hearing aids but many couldn't afford the expense, which is not generally covered by Medicare and most private health insurance policies.‎ Same Technology as $ 3.500 Hearing Aids He evaluated all the high-priced digital for its virtually invisible, lightweight appearance. This doctor-designed digital hearing aid delivers clear sound all day long and the soft flexible ear domes are so comfortable that you won’t realize you are wearing them.‎ This new digital hearing aid is packed with the features of its $3，500 competitors at a small part of the cost. Now most people with hearing loss are able to enjoy crystal clear, natural sound—in a crowd, on the phone, in the wind -- without “whistling” and annoying background noise.‎ Try it at Home with a 45-Day Risk-Free Trial Of course, hearing is believing, and we invite you to try it for yourself with our RISK-FREE 45-day home trial. If you are not completely satisfied, simply return it within ‎ hearing aids on the market and then created his own affordable version—called MD Hearing Aid AIR ‎ that time period for a full refund of your purchase price.‎ ‎• Mini Behind-the-Ear Digital Hearing Aid ‎• Audiologist-Tested ‎• PDA-Registered ‎• FREE Shipping in USA ‎• Batteries Included! Comes Ready to Use For the Lowest Price Call Today 800-315-6343‎ Phone Lines Open 24 Hours EVERY DAY ‎• Doctor-Recommended ‎• Nearly Invisible ‎• Thousands of Satisfied Customers ‎• 100% Money-Back Guarantee!‎ Use Offer Code CT13 to get FREE Batteries for a Full Year!‎ ‎60. Dr. Cherukuri invented his MD Hearing Aid AIR in order to ____.‎ A. prevent untreated diseases such as depression and social isolation B. provide patients with low-priced hearing aid of high quality C. have the expense of the hearing aid covered in health insurance policies D. make high-priced hearing aid easily accessible on the market ‎61. According to the passage, which of the following about MD Hearing Aid AIR is TRUE?‎ A. Its price is no more than $ 3,500 including delivery fee.‎ B. Patients are guaranteed to get the money back after they have tried it for 45 days.‎ C. Patients wearing the hearing aid will not hear any background sound.‎ D. It’s not easy for others to notice a patient wearing the hearing aid.‎ ‎62. The passage is primarily written to _____.‎ A. encourage people to try the new product B. instruct people how to use a new electronic device C. provide the latest information about hearing health D. illustrate the importance of affordable hearing aid ‎【答案】60. B 61. D 62. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。介绍了一款芝加哥医生发明了经济实惠的助听器的情况。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一小标题第二段第二句可知，Dr. Cherukuri 了解到 Medicare 和大多数个人保险不能报销助听器费用，很多人都不能买得起助听器，所以他决定发明低价高质的助听器。故B项符合题意。A项，社会隔离和绝望是听力病症不能治愈的后果，并不是 Dr. Cherukuri 发明 HearingAid AIR 的初衷，故A项不符合题意。C项，Medicare 和大多数个人保险不能报销助听器费用是人们买不起助听器的原因之一，并不是直接导致Dr. Cherukuri 发明的原因，故C项不符合题意。D项，助听器在市场上难以购得，文中未出现类似信息。故D项不符合题意。故正确答案为B。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二小标题中第一段第一句 called MD Hearing AIR for its virtually invisible, lightweight appearance 和第二句 you won't realize you are wearing them 可知他人很难注意到病人佩戴本款助听器。故D项符合题意。A项，根据第二小标题第二段第一句$3,500是成本部分，并不是标价。故A项错误。B项，在第三小标题中病人可以体验45天，并未显示病人可以在体验后再付款。故B项错误。C项，根据第二小标题第二段最后一句可知，大多数丧失听力的患者可以体验到没有噪音的效果，说明噪音并没有完全消失。故C项错误。故正确答案为D。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 推理判断题。介绍了一款芝加哥医生发明了经济实惠的助听器的情况，目的是为了鼓励人们尝试新产品。故选A。‎ ‎(C)‎ Forty percent of Americans say they are more cautious about what they write in emails since last year’s cyber-attacks against the Democratic Party, according to a Reuters/Ipsos poll released on Thursday.‎ The March 11- 20 opinion survey showed that a sizable minority of Americans made personal changes to how they interact online following the hacking of emails during ‎ the 2016 U. S. presidential campaign, which were later published by WikiLeaks and other entities.‎ Among respondents, 45 percent said they had changed their online passwords since the hacks.‎ The U. S. intelligence agencies believe Russia orchestrated the disclosure of the emails to embarrass the campaign of Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton and help Republican Donald Trump win. The emails also led to the ouster (罢免)of Democratic National Committee Chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz. But Moscow denies the accusation.‎ Concerns about online security crossed party lines, with 43 percent of Democrats and 40 percent of Republicans saying they had been more cautious about personal emails since the election hacking.‎ ‎“It makes you start to wonder how secure anything is as far as your own privacy，” said Delenc Rutledge 67, a retired teacher in Indiana who participated in the poll. “And yet I'm not the greatest at coming up with great passwords—I’m not sure it would make any difference. ”‎ Despite concerns about digital privacy, only a small percentage of Americans said they had started protecting themselves online in other ways within the past month. 5 percent, of adults said they had begun using secure messaging services like Signal, WhatsApp or Wickr. Some 16 percent said they had placed tape over the camera in their computers to block any unwanted spying, a trick advocated by Facebook Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg and FBI Director James Comey. 21 percent said they had switched off the tracking capabilities of their Internet browsers； while 17 percent changed their user ID on social media networks like Facebook or Twitter and 10 percent unplugged smart TVs or other Internet-connected devices when not using them.‎ The Reuters/Ipsos poll was conducted online in English in all 50 states. It included 3,307 American adults and had a credibility interval, a measure of accuracy, of 2 percentage points.‎ ‎63. The reasons why some Americans have changed their way of online interaction are ‎ all of the following EXCEPT that ____.‎ A. they are more alert to privacy leakage in their emails B. they are concerned about the exposure of their private information C. they have suffered from the attacks online since last year D. they have learned a lesson from the hacking of emails in the 2016 election ‎64. In Paragraph 4，the underlined word “orchestrated” is close in meaning to ____.‎ A. composed music to be played by an orchestra B. planned and organized carefully C. arranged for an orchestra concert D. made happen unintentionally ‎65. We can infer from what Delene Rutledge said that ____.‎ A. nothing online about our privacy is absolutely secure B. no one can ensure that the Internet is 100% unsafe C. for common people inventing strong passwords matters D. whether we have a safe online environment makes a difference ‎66. Which of the following methods that possibly help you protect your privacy online is NOT ever recommended in this passage?‎ A. Disable the tracking function of the browsers.‎ B. Don't plug the digital electronic devices if not used.‎ C. Cover the camera with a tape if not used.‎ D. TVs or other online connected devices should be disconnected unless used ‎【答案】63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国网上隐私泄露问题，并提出了一些可以帮助保护网上隐私的方法。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段Forty percent of Americans say they are more cautious about ‎ what they write in emails since last year’s cyber-attacks against the Democratic Party, according to a Reuters/Ipsos poll released on Thursday.（据路透社/益普索调查机构周四公布的一项调查显示，40%的美国人表示，自去年民主党遭受网络攻击以来，他们对邮件内容更加谨慎。）可知一些美国人改变在线互动方式的原因有他们对电子邮件中的隐私泄露更加警惕。故A选项排除；第二段The March 11- 20 opinion survey showed that a sizable minority of Americans made personal changes to how they interact online following the hacking of emails during the 2016 U. S. presidential campaign, which were later published by WikiLeaks and other entities.（3月11日至20日的民意调查显示，2016年美国总统大选期间的电子邮件遭黑客攻击后，相当一部分美国人对自己的在线互动方式做出了个人改变。这些邮件后来被维基解密(WikiLeaks)等机构公布。）可知一些美国人改变在线互动方式的原因有他们从2016年大选的电子邮件黑客事件中吸取了教训。故排除D选项；根据第五段Concerns about online security crossed party lines, with 43 percent of Democrats and 40 percent of Republicans saying they had been more cautious about personal emails since the election hacking.（对网络安全的担忧超越了党派界限，43%的民主党人和40%的共和党人表示，自大选黑客攻击以来，他们对个人电子邮件更加谨慎。）可知一些美国人改变他们在线互动方式的原因是他们担心他们的私人信息被曝光。故排除B选项；只有C选项“自去年以来，他们一直遭受网络攻击”没有提及。故选C。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据下文the disclosure of the emails to embarrass the campaign of Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton and help Republican Donald Trump win. 这些邮件的泄露是为了让民主党总统候选人希拉里·克林顿(Hillary Clinton)的竞选团队难堪，并帮助共和党总统候选人唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)获胜。可推知这些邮件的泄露是有人有组织、有目的的行为，故可推测划线部分意思为“精心策划组织”。故选B。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“It makes you start to wonder how secure anything is as far as your own privacy，” said Delenc Rutledge, 67, a retired teacher in Indiana who participated in the poll. “And yet I'm not the greatest at coming up with great passwords—I’m not sure it would make any difference. ”Delene Rutledge说这让你开始怀疑，就你自己的隐私而言，任何东西有多安全，然而，我并不擅长想出伟大的密码——我不确定这是否会有什么不同。可推知Delene Rutledge 认为网上没有任何关于我们隐私的东西是绝对安全的，即使修改密码也不会有什么不同。故选A。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Some 16 percent said they had placed tape over the camera in their computers to block any unwanted spying（约16%的人表示，他们在电脑摄像头上装了胶带，以阻止任何不必要的偷窥活动）可知如果不使用摄像头，用胶带把相机盖上，可以帮助你保护你的在线隐私，故排除C选；以及下文21 percent said they had switched off the tracking capabilities of their Internet browsers（21%的人表示，他们已经关闭了互联网浏览器的跟踪功能）可知关闭浏览器的追踪功能可以保护在线隐私，故排除A选项；以及最后一句while 17 percent changed their user ID on social media networks like Facebook or Twitter and 10 percent unplugged smart TVs or other Internet-connected devices when not using them.（17%的人在Facebook或Twitter等社交媒体网站上更改了用户ID, 10%的人在不使用智能电视或其他联网设备时拔掉了插头）可知如果不使用电子设备，请不要插电。故排除B选项；只有D选“在不使用电视或其他在线连接设备时，断开连接。”文章中没有提及，故选D。‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ‎① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。‎ ‎② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。‎ ‎③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。‎ ‎④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。‎ ‎⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 如第二小题，根据下文the disclosure of the emails to embarrass the campaign of Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton and help Republican Donald Trump win. 这些邮件的泄露是为了让民主党总统候选人希拉里·克林顿(Hillary Clinton)的竞选团队难堪，并帮助共和党总统候选人唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)‎ 获胜。可推知这些邮件的泄露是有人有组织、有目的的行为，故可推测划线部分意思为“精心策划组织”。故选B。‎ Section C (8%)‎ Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ A Marked Shift in Toy Boxes Sometimes the smallest of things have the biggest of impacts. Last week Lego showed its first ever wheelchair-using mini-figure at a toy fair in Germany. For an inch-tall plastic boy, he's been making big waves, inspiring global press coverage and online celebrations from Lego fans, parents and disability groups.‎ ‎“But he’s just a little guy，” some may say, “a plastic guy out for a wheel in the park with his dog and a bunch of other mini-figures. What's the big deal?”‎ ‎___67___ His birth in the toy box marks a significant shift within children’s industries. There are 150 million children with disabilities worldwide, yet until now they have scarcely ever seen themselves positively reflected in the media and toys they consume.‎ In her recently published book Disability and Popular Culture , Australian academic Katie Ellis writes: “Toys mirror the values of the society that produce them ” ___68___ Whether intentionally or not, it has sent out a powerful message of inclusion.‎ The toys, TV，films, games, apps and books that entertain and educate our children barely feature children with any kind of impairment or difference. When did you last see disability represented positively in a children's film, cartoon, or computer game? Have you ever seen a set of emojis that reflect the disabled experience? Then, how could disabled children gain positive self-esteem when the culture around them appears to place no value on their existence? ___69___ There is a danger that these children will feel like permanent outsider in the world.‎ ‎___70___ However, it seems no one knows quite how to fix it. We dance delicately around disability, scared to offend or get it wrong, so we don't do it. This exclusion ‎ is causing damage to millions of children, yet the answer is quite simple. Let’s hope that one day, positive representations of disability are included so seamlessly across children’s industries that they cease to be noteworthy at all.‎ A. If Lego is mirroring, it’s reflecting a better world.‎ B. Lego is behind disabled kids and they are part of the cultural mainstream.‎ C Everyone knows there’s something wrong with how we represent disabled people.‎ D. Has Lego been prepared for the excitement its wheelchair-using boy would cause?‎ E. Their hopes, dreams, imaginations and experience are ignored.‎ F. The message behind Lego’s wheelchair boy is so much larger than his tiny stature.‎ ‎【答案】67. F 68. A ‎ ‎69. E 70. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。上周，乐高在德国的一个玩具博览会上展示了它有史以来第一个使用轮椅的迷你人偶。对于一个一英寸高的塑料男孩来说，他已经引起了巨大的轰动，激发了全球媒体的报道以及乐高粉丝、家长和残疾人组织的在线庆祝活动。同时也引起了人们对于残疾人的方式的深思，作者希望有一天，残疾的积极表现能够在儿童行业中如此无缝地体现出来，以至于它们没有引人注目。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 根据下文His birth in the toy box marks a significant shift within children’s industries.（他在玩具盒里的诞生，标志着儿童产业的重大转变。）可知乐高轮椅男孩背后的信息远远大于他小小的身材。故选F。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 根据上文Toys mirror the values of the society that produce them（玩具反映了生产它们的社会的价值观。）中mirror对应到A选项中的mirroring，可知如果说乐高是一面镜子，那么它反映的是一个更美好的世界。故选A。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 根据下文There is a danger that these children will feel like permanent outsider in the world.（有一种危险是，这些孩子会觉得自己永远是这个世界的局外人。）可知上文应是孩子们的希望、梦想、想象力和经历被忽视时，他们会觉得自己是世界的局外人。故选E。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 根据下文However, it seems no one knows quite how to fix it.（然而，似乎没有人知道如何解决这个问题。）可推测上文是指每个人都知道我们代表残疾人的方式有问题，但是没有人知道如何去解决。故选C。‎ IV. Summary Writing (10%)‎ ‎71.Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 -words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door found that: he only had one clime left. He was hungry so he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.‎ However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked，“How much do I owe you?”‎ ‎“You don’t owe me anything,” she replied. “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart. ” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the human race. He was about to give up and quit before this point.‎ Years later the young woman became critically ill. The local doctors were baffled. They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists could be called in to study her rare disease. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.‎ Dressed in his doctor’s gown he went in to see her. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case.‎ After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something ‎ on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words ‎“Paid in full with a glass of milk.‎ ‎(Signed) Dr. Howard Kelly”‎ Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently，“Thank you, God. Your love has spread through human hearts and hands.”‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】A poor boy asked for water but got milk from a kind, beautiful young lady. Inspired by her kindness and God’ love, the boy worked hard to become an excellent doctor, who saved the young lady finally and paid the medical bill for her. Both of them believed love is spread from people to people.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇概要写作。‎ ‎【详解】写作步骤 ‎1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章讲述了一个爱通过人类的心灵和双手传播的故事。一个贫穷的男孩接受了一位女士一杯发自善意的牛奶，铭记在心，并在多年后又救了这位女士，并且在药费账单上写下“用一杯牛奶付了钱”的故事。‎ ‎2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。‎ ‎3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。‎ ‎4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：‎ ‎（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。‎ ‎（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。‎ ‎（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。‎ ‎（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。‎ ‎（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Inspired by her kindness and God’ love, the boy worked hard to become an excellent doctor, who saved the young lady finally and paid the medical bill for her.运用了非限定性定语从句；Both of them believed love is spread from people to people.运用了both of“两者都……”短语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ V. Translation (15%)‎ Directions : Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎72. 这是他第一次回老家过年，是吗？ (time)‎ ‎_________________‎ ‎73. 这款国产电器一经问世便销售火爆。(sell)‎ ‎_________________‎ ‎74. 我认为有些错误在所难免，关键是我们要从中吸取教训。(impossible)‎ ‎_________________‎ ‎75. 为了营造舒适的就餐环境，许多餐厅不允许抽烟，这对广大顾客来说是一大福音。(forbid)‎ ‎_________________‎ ‎【答案】72. This is the first time that he has gone back hometown to spend the Spring Festival, isn’t it? ‎ ‎73. Once the domestic electrical appliance was released / emerged / came into being / existence, it sold very well. ‎ ‎74. I think it impossible to avoid some mistakes, what matters / is important / is ‎ the key point is that we should learn a lesson from them. ‎ ‎75. To offer / build / create a comfortable dinning / eating environment, smoking is forbidden in many restaurants, which is a piece of good news to most consumers.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 考查汉译英。‎ ‎【72题详解】‎ 考查固定句式。句式this is the first time that+现在完成时，故译为This is the first time that he has gone back hometown to spend the Spring Festival, isn’t it?‎ ‎【73题详解】‎ 考查固定用法。短语come into being/existence“产生；出现”；本句为once引导的时间状语从句，时态应用一般过去时。故译为Once the domestic electrical appliance was released / emerged / came into being / existence, it sold very well.。‎ ‎【74题详解】‎ 考查固定用法。think后跟形式宾语it指代下文不定式真正宾语，形容词impossible做宾语补足语。短语what matters / is important / is the key point“重要的是……”。故译为I think it impossible to avoid some mistakes, what matters / is important / is the key point is that we should learn a lesson from them.。‎ ‎【75题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词和动词时态语态。本句不定式做目的状语，主句主语smoking与谓语动词forbid构成被动关系；且非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，关系代词应用which。故译为To offer / build / create a comfortable dinning / eating environment, smoking is forbidden in many restaurants, which is a piece of good news to most consumers.。‎ ‎【点睛】it作形式宾语的用法。‎ 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。‎ ‎① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；‎ 基本句式结构——‎ 一、动词+ it + that-从句。如：‎ ‎（1）sb find/ believe/ think/ feel/ consider/ make + it +n+to do/that从句，如：I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。‎ He makes it a rule never to borrow money.（他立志决不向别人借钱。）‎ I think it no need talking about it with them.（我认为没必要跟他们谈。）‎ ‎（2）sb find/think/make + it + adj. + to do sth/that 从句(宾语从句)如：‎ I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。）‎ I find it interesting to learn English.‎ 如第三小题，think后跟形式宾语it指代下文不定式真正宾语，形容词impossible做宾语补足语。‎ 二、动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如：‎ I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。‎ You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。‎ You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。）‎ 说明：能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。‎ 注意： that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语 三、动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如：‎ We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。）‎ I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。‎ 注意：由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。‎ 四、动词 + it + when /if/that-从句。如：‎ ‎(1)sb＋hate / dislike / love / like＋it＋when－从句 I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.（我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。）‎ I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。‎ ‎(2)sb＋appreciate/prefer＋it＋if－从句 I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.‎ I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。‎ VI. Guided Writing (25%)‎ ‎76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 上海电视台外语频道打算开办一档面向中学生观众的英语节目，新聘任了来自英国的John 作为节目编辑助理。现在，John就节目内容向广大中学生征求意见。‎ 假如你是学生李华，请你给John写信谈谈你对该节目的设想。信的内容包括:‎ ‎1. 节目的名称和内容；‎ ‎2. 开办这档节目的理由和预期的效果。‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear John,‎ I know you’re going to set up an English program for middle school students. So I’m writing to suggest a program named “All-round Shanghai”. This program will cover topics like the history, education, famous scenic spots, food and famous people of Shanghai. It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it. ‎ Besides, you can also invite some middle school students to get involved in this program, which will surely arouse other students’ interest in it. Not only will the program help students improve their English, but also get them to know more about the culture of Shanghai so as to introduce Shanghai to foreign visitors. I am sure it will be well-received by middle school students. I hope you can take my suggestion into consideration. ‎ Sincerely yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件；上海电视台外语频道打算开办一档面向中学生观众的英语节目，新聘任了来自英国的John 作为节目编辑助理。现在，John就节目内容向广大中学生征求意见。‎ 假如你是学生李华，请你给John写信谈谈你对该节目的设想。信的内容包括:1. 节目的名称和内容；‎ ‎2. 开办这档节目的理由和预期的效果。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：set up（成立），scenic spots（旅游景点），broadcast（播放）；get involved in（参加），arouse interest（激发兴趣）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如It would be better to broadcast it on weekends so that we students can have the chance to watch it.运用了目的状语从句；Besides, you can also invite some middle school students to get involved in this program, which will surely arouse other students’ interest in it.运用了非限定性定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎