专题1-4+Earthquakes（句型语法）-2018年高三英语一轮总复习名师伴学

专题1-4+Earthquakes（句型语法）-2018年高三英语一轮总复习名师伴学

专题1.4+Earthquakes 三、重点句型剖析 ‎1．It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！‎ ‎（1）【句式分析】‎ It seems (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)似乎……＝Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done...‎ It seems as if/though... “似乎(好像)……”，可接虚拟语气。‎ seem＋(to be)＋n./adj. 似乎是……‎ There seems to be... 好像有……‎ It seems so. (＝So it seems.) 似乎是那样。‎ ‎【明辨异同】seem/look/appear seem 暗含有一定的根据，往往是接近实际的判断，后可接介词、形容词、不定式或从句。‎ look 着重由视觉而得出的印象，可与 like连用，但不能与不定式连用。可接 as if从句，不接 that从句。‎ appear 强调外表给人的印象，而且事实往往并非如此。可接 that从句，不接 as if从句。‎ ‎（2）as if仿佛；好像 He walks as if he is drunk.‎ 他走起路来好像他真的醉了。‎ It looks as if they're looking for something.‎ 他们看起来好像在找什么东西。‎ ‎（1）—What a noise! I can hardly stand it.‎ ‎—It ______ as if they are having a party next door.‎ A．looks　　　　　　B．seems C．appears D．happens ‎【解析】C、D项不接 as if从句。A项不合题意。考查 It seems as if...句式。‎ ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎（2）Don't handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel.‎ A．is B．were C．has been D．had been ‎【答案】B ‎2．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。‎ ‎【句式分析】too...to... 句型表示“太……以至于不能……(表否定)”，可转化为 not...enough to...和 so...that...。‎ The child is too young to dress himself.‎ The child is not old enough to dress himself.‎ The child is so young that he can't dress himself.‎ 这孩子太小，不能够自己穿衣。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】（1）当 too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious时，to 后的动词表示肯定。例如：‎ The book is too easy to understand. 这本书太容易理解了。‎ He was too anxious to leave. 他急于离开。‎ ‎（2）too...not to... 句式表示肯定意思。例如：He is too careful not to have noticed it. 他那么细心，不会不注意到这一点的。‎ ‎（3）too...to...中 too前面用了否定词(如 never)时，表示肯定。例如：It is never too late to mend. 改过不嫌晚。‎ ‎（4）only too...to...表示肯定，其中 too后的形容词多数是表示某种心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描绘性的形容词，如 good, kind, true等。例如：The girl is only too kind to help us. 这姑娘非常乐于帮助我们。‎ ‎　‎ Jim is a kind boy. He is ______willing to help his classmates.‎ A．so B．such C．much D．too ‎3．All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。‎ ‎【句式分析】此句为部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代词、形容词和副词与否定词 not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。‎ ‎①All that glitters is not gold.‎ 发光的并不一定都是金子。‎ ‎②Both of the brothers don't like the film.‎ 兄弟俩不都喜欢这部电影。‎ ‎③Not everything went well with him.‎ 他并非每件事情都顺利。‎ ‎④Not all of the rich are happy.‎ 不是所有有钱人都幸福。 ‎ ‎⑤The rich are not always happy.‎ 有钱人并非总是幸福。‎ ‎⑥You can't fool all the people all the time.‎ 你未必总是能愚弄所有的人。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，no more，no longer，no way，not...either等表示否定意义的词（词组）与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。‎ ‎①None of them are right. 他们都不对。‎ ‎②Neither of us will go. 我们俩都不去。‎ ‎③Nobody can win me. 没人能赢我。‎ 一、单项选择 ‎（1）—The exam wasn't difficult at all, was it?‎ ‎—No, but I don't believe ______could pass it.‎ A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody ‎【解析】not与 everybody 连用表示部分否定。‎ ‎【答案】C ‎（2）—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?‎ ‎—Actually I didn't like ______.‎ A．both of them B．either of them C．none of them D．neither of themFF ‎【解析】not... either＝neither 表示全部否定。‎ ‎【答案】B 二、翻译句子 ‎（1）并非每个人都诚实。‎ ‎______________________________________‎ ‎（2）答案都不对。‎ ‎______________________________________‎ 四、重点语法突破 定语从句 定语：是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用‘……的’表示。学%‎ 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，它实际上起了形容词的作用。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。‎ 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。‎ 关系词：连接先行词或定语从句的词叫关系词。分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which等；关系副词有when，where，why等。‎ 定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。‎ 限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。‎ 非限制性定语从句：‎ 从句是对主句的进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。‎ 一、关系代词的用法 1. who的用法 Who指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。‎ Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.（主语）‎ The singer who I like is Taylor Swift. （宾语）‎ 2. whom的用法 Whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。‎ Mr Liu is the person (whom )you talked about on the bus.‎ The boy (who) she loved died in the war.‎ ‎3.whose的用法 Whose 即可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系。‎ I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.（指物）‎ He has a friend whose father is a doctor.（指人）‎ 注意:whose+n引导的定语从句时，可换成the+n+of whom/which或者of whom/which +the +n The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.‎ ‎4.which的用法 Which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。‎ This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.（宾语）‎ China is a country which has a long history.（主语）‎ ‎5.that的用法 That既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省略。指人时相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.‎ The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.（指人，主语）‎ The money that/which you borrowed from me yesterday is 100 yuan.（指物，宾语）‎ 二、只能用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况 ‎ ‎1.当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。‎ You should hand in all that you have.‎ ‎2.当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last，any，few，little，no，all，every，some等词修饰时。‎ This is the only thing that has been tried.‎ I've read all the books that are not mine.‎ ‎3.当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。‎ This is the best that has been used against pollution.‎ This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.‎ ‎4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。‎ The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.‎ ‎5.当先行词既有人又有物时。‎ Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?‎ ‎6.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。‎ Which is the bike that you lost?‎ ‎7.有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。‎ They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.‎ ‎8.关系代词在定语从句中作to be的表语时。‎ Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.‎ 三、只能用which而不用that引导定语从句的情况 ‎1.引导非限制性定语从句时。‎ Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him.‎ ‎2.当关系代词前有介词时。‎ This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.‎ ‎3.当先行词本身就是that时。‎ That which you told him about is what we want to know.‎ ‎4.在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系词是that，另一个宜用which。‎ Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.‎ 四、只能用who而不用that引导定语从句的情况 ‎1.先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，anyone，no one，all，nobody，anybody，none等 The student you should learn from is the one who works hard and studies well.‎ ‎2.在there be结构中，先行词指人时。‎ There is a young lady who asks for you.‎ ‎3.一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。‎ The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.‎ ‎【误区警示】‎ ‎①关系代词或关系副词的选择有两个原则：一是看先行词是人还是物；二是看先行词在从句中做什么成分。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，则选关系代词；若先行词在从句中作状语，则选关系副词。‎ We’ll remember those days that/which we spent together.（宾语）‎ We’ll remember those days when we played by the sea.（状语）‎ ‎②关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的单复数。‎ ‎ He is the only one of the students who knows French.（the only one为先行词）‎ ‎ He is one of the students who know French.（students为先行词）‎ 五、as引导定语从句 ‎1.as用作关系代词，既可指人也可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，它常用在the same...as...，such...as，as...as...等句型中，as不能省略。‎ Such girl as he knows are good at English. (as作宾语一般不省略）‎ ‎2.as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。‎ As we all know, China is a developing country. ‎ Lu Xun, as is known to us all, was a great writer.‎ ‎【学法点拨】as引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：‎ as we all know众所周知 as is well known众所周知 ‎ as you see 如你所见 as we expect 正如我们预料的那样 ‎ as often happens 正如经常发生的 as I can remember正如我所记得的 ‎ as has been said before 如前所述 as is/was expected 正如预料的那样 ‎ as can be seen 正如所见 as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样 六、as和which的区别 ‎1.as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。‎ The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.‎ ‎2.当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。‎ As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.‎ ‎3.当定语从句放在主句后面时，也并不是as就永远等于which。‎ ‎①当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which。‎ He came here very late, which was unexpected(not expected)．‎ ‎②当非限制性定语从句的谓语后跟一个复合结构时，只能用which引导定语从句。‎ Betty always tells a lie, which her parents feel strange.‎ 一、用关系代词填空 ‎1. Here are my neighbours home was destroyed by the earthquake. ‎ ‎2. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people were asleep ‎ ‎3. The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything they could find ‎ ‎4. Several days later most of the buildings had been damaged were repaired ‎ ‎5. The foreigner _________ visited our school yesterday is from Canada.‎ ‎6. The person _______________ you just talked to is Mr. Li. ‎ ‎7. The students and things _____ you spoke of are known to us.‎ ‎8. The third place ______ we are going to visit is New York.‎ ‎9. I’ll buy the same dictionary you have.‎ ‎10. There is a little boy wants to speak to you.‎ 二、单项选择 ‎1．The small restaurant finally closed down, previous owner was a famous actor.‎ A. which B. its C. whose D. of which ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非限制性定语从句关系词。句意：这家小餐馆最后关门了，它以前的老板是个有名的演员。The small restaurant是先行词，在定语从句作owner的定语，表示“……的”，在定语从句中要用whose引导。故选A。如用its的话，its前面要有连词，The small restaurant finally closed down, and its previous owner was a famous actor.‎ ‎2． Chinese scientists have made great advances in satellite technology, I suppose is of great significance to all mankind.‎ A. in which case B. for which reason C. which D. what ‎【答案】C ‎3．It was in the lab ______ was taken charge of by the Professor ______ they did the experiment.‎ A. that; where B. which; that C. what; that D. which; where ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查强调句。强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。而本题的第一空是定语从句，定语从句又缺少主语，所以用which或者that，第二空才是强调句的that从句。故选B。‎ ‎4. We should realize the fact that when you graduate from university, you are still not prepared for the possible situations ________ we may face in the working world. ‎ A. where B. when C. what D. that ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查定语从句。句意为“我们应该意识到，当你从大学毕业的时候，你仍然没有准备好应对可能在工作中出现的情况”。从句的先行词 situations,后面的从句face缺少宾语，关系代词用that,故选D.‎ ‎5．Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.‎ A. who ; 不填 B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who D. 不填; 不填 ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】审明句意：每天和多于两杯咖啡的女性比那些没有改习惯的女性得心脏病的可能性要大得多。 在本题中的who都是引导定语从句，指代人，在定语从句中做主语，所以都不能省略。学*‎ ‎6．________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. ‎ A. It B. As C. That D. What ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎