专题11 定语从句（易错起源）-2018年高考英语备考黄金易错点

专题11 定语从句（易错起源）-2018年高考英语备考黄金易错点

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.‎ ‎【解析】句意：“像其他任何事情一样，两者可能摄入过多，这一点对健康没有好处。”分析句子结构，由逗号以及句意可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，且意为“这一点，这件事”，故应用关系代词which指代前面整个句子。‎ ‎【答案】which ‎2.(2017·北京卷)I have never performed such a task that you've asked me to do. ____________‎ ‎【解析】句意：我从来没有做过你要我做的这种工作。关系词引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语指物，题干中有such，故此处用关系代词as引导这个定语从句，且as在从句中作do的宾语。‎ ‎【答案】that→as ‎3.【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.‎ A. whom B. which C. what D. that ‎【答案】B ‎4.【2016·北京】22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.‎ A. whose B. why C. where D. which ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。‎ ‎5. However there are times urgent things are most important as well，for example，helping a crying baby in the kitchen due to the fire stove.‎ 解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为times，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。‎ 答案 when ‎6. The people of Chu mourned Qu's death threw rice into the river to feed his ghost every year on the day of his death.‎ 解析 考查限制性定语从句。先行词是The people of Chu，在从句中作主语，故用who/that。‎ 答案 who/that ‎7. Bicycles are held to the same standards as motor vehicles in most cases， means that cyclists must obey all the traffic rules，and also have the right to get damages in the accidents.‎ 解析 考查非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句中作主语，指物要用which。‎ 答案 which ‎8. After that，we'll be moving on to Tanzania， we're going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro.‎ 解析 考查非限制性定语从句。之后我们将继续到坦桑尼亚，在那里我们要爬乞力马扎罗山。先行词为Tanzania，在定语从句中作地点状语，故要用where引导。‎ 答案 where ‎9. Once upon a time there was a rich merchant had 4 wives.‎ 解析 考查限制性定语从句。先行词为a rich merchant，在定语从句中作主语，故答案为who/that。‎ 答案 who/that ‎10. In the following years，there were fewer drop－outs and more college graduates in my village， I am proud of even today.‎ 解析 考查非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少宾语，指代上句内容，故用which。‎ 答案 which ‎11. Jane paused in front of a counter some attractive ties were on display.‎ ‎12. He desired to follow that girl，but longed for the woman spirit had truly companioned and supported him.‎ 解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词是the woman，定语从句中名词spirit缺少定语，故要用whose。‎ 答案 whose ‎13. Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.‎ 解析 考查限制性定语从句的引导词。habit是先行词，which或that引导的是定语从句，并且在从句中作主语，不能省略。‎ 答案 that/which ‎14.Nick's guests， had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.‎ 解析 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。先行词为Nick's guests，指人，且在从句中做主语，故要用who。非限制性定语从句中不可用that引导。‎ 答案 who ‎ ‎ 易错起源1、正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法 ‎ 例1. It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ‎ ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.‎ 答案 which ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用， 修饰名词或代词 ‎2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:(1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。‎ ‎3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用When，是地点名词就用Where。‎ ‎4.当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that，但在下列情况下，只能使用关系代词that。‎ ‎ (1)当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，someting，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。‎ 例如:‎ Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?‎ You should hand in all that you have.‎ ‎(2)当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no， all，very等词修饰时。例如:‎ This is the very book that I’m looking for.‎ The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.‎ ‎(3)当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如:‎ This is the best that has heen wsed against pollution.‎ This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.‎ ‎(4)当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时，例如 This train is the last that will go to Huangzhou.‎ What is the first Anerican film that you have seen?‎ ‎(5)当先行词既人又有物时，例如:‎ Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?‎ ‎(6)当主句的主语是疑句词who或which时。例如:‎ Which is the bike that you lost?‎ who is the boy that won the gold medal?‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词正用which，另外一个空用that。例如: ‎ They secretly buit up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.‎ 易错起源2、对介词后接关系代词的考查 ‎ 例2、Lily took a few friends to my birthday party，none of ________ I was familiar with.‎ A．which B．whose ‎ C．that D．whom 答案 D ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎“介词+关系代词”引导的定词从句是定词从句中较复杂的一种，一般多用于上式文件中。此类定语从句的关系代词主要有which， whom，whose。它们既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性 定语从句。学习这种定语从句时主注意以下几种情况:‎ 一、注意介词的先取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据以下几点:‎ ‎1.根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。例如: ‎ Who is the man with whom you just shook hands?‎ The Two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.‎ ‎2.根据定语从句意思的需要，此时前后搭配都要注意。例如:‎ He had a bad cold,because of which he didnt attend the meeting.‎ The speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition.‎ ‎ 3.根据意思可用复杂介词，如by meansof，asa result of，in front of，in the back of，a11 Of，most of等，例如:‎ The instrument by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer.‎ There are forty students in the classroom, all of whom ae working hard at a problem in maths.‎ 二、注意关系代词的选取。在“介词 + 关系代词”引导的空语从句中，如果，关系代词指事物就用 which;如果指人则用whom;若表示“…”的则用 whose.例如:‎ ‎ This is the classroom in which we studided last year ‎ He lives in a house, whose door opens to then north.‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ 注意“介词 + where”引导的定语从句。有时有阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词 + where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。例如:‎ They stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. ( from where 相当于) from the top of the building, 而不是 from the building) ‎ 易错起源3、关系代词as的用法 例3. The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one ‎ year.‎ 答案 as ‎【名师点睛】‎ 关系代词as既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。‎ ‎1.as引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于下列句式:‎ ‎ ‎ 其中关系代词as在从句中可担当主语、宾语或表语。例如:‎ We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (作主语)‎ Such people as you describle are thought to be fools nowadys. (作宾语)‎ He is not the same man as he was. (作表语)‎ ‎(2)...such as ...‎ 这里such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as在从句中担任成分，修饰先行词such。例如:‎ He turned out to be very successful,which was more than we could expect.‎ ‎ As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主语之后。相同的是两者都可代指主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。例如:‎ He turned out to be very successful,which was more than we could expect.‎ As is known to all, Edison invented the telephone.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎