专题08+健康饮食类（真题训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题08+健康饮食类（真题训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题 08 健康饮食类 真题训练 Passage1（2017 年·北京卷） 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文文 麻疹在历史上带来的危害 ★★★☆☆ 6 分钟 Measles( 麻 疹 ), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year. The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year. The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption （ 豁 免 ), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine. Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. 63. The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________. A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D. information about measles spreads quickly 64. Herd immunity works well when ____________. A. exemptions are allowed B. several vaccines are used together C. the whole neighborhood is involved in D. new regulations are added to the state laws 65. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles? A. The overuse of vaccine. B. The lack of medical care. C. The features of measles itself. D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people. 66. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce the idea of exemption. B. To discuss methods to cure measles. C. To stress the importance of vaccination. D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. 【话题解读】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会发生这样的情况。 63.A 【解析】细节理解题。文章第二段的首句既是对第一段的总结，又是第二段的中心句，由此可知答 案为 A。 65.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段 But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对疫苗 的人导致的麻疹的复发，故选 D。 66.C 【解析】写作意图题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况， 最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选 C。 Passage2（2016 年·新课标卷 III） 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解七选五 说明文 买鱼和烧鱼的常识 ★★★☆☆ 6 分钟 Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 18 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one. There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices( 调 料 ). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minu tes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve. A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It just requires a little knowledge. E. The fish will go bad within hours. F. When buying fish, you should first smell it. G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 【话题解读】文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是 蒸鱼。 17.D 【解析】由前一句＂Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.＂可知，购买，存放和烧 鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D 项＂这仅仅需要一 点知识＂符合语境，此题容易与 C 项混淆，C 项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即 C 项与后一句重复， 故选 D。 18.F 【解析】根据＂Fresh fish should smell sweet＂可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味， 故选 F。 20.B 【解析】根据＂Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes＂可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选 B。 Passage3（2016 年·四川卷） 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系 ★★★☆☆ 6 分钟 A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that ＂night milk＂ contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 12. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______. A. started sleep more easily B. were more anxious C. were less active D. woke up later 13. Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A. It’s been tested on mice for ten years B. It can make people more energetic C. It exists in milk in great amount D. It’s used in sleeping drugs 14. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat Sugar and Health C. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health 15.How does the author support the theme of the text? A. By giving examples. B. By stating arguments. C. By explaining statistical data. D. By providing research results. 【话题解读】这是一篇饮食与健康紧密结合的话题。本文介绍了晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系。 12.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime 白天喝牛奶的老鼠会更焦虑一些。故选 B。 14.A 【解析】主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文讲的是晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系。故 A 项符合题意。 15.D【解析】推理判断题。根据前三段中的 But now a study, Researchers have discovered that 和 The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea 可知作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的。故 选 D。 Passage4（2015 年·新课标卷 II） 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系 ★★★☆☆ 6 分钟 Your house may have an effect on your figure . Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off . You can make your environment work for you instead of against you . Here are some ways to turn your home into part of diet plan. Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious( 难 为 情 )when they’re in poorly lit places-and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness. Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites . In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room . Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue. Don’t forget the clock-or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass. 25.The text is especially helpful for those who care about_______. A. their home comforts B. their body shape C. house buying D. healthy diets 26.A home environment in blue can help people_________. A. digest food better B. reduce food intake C. burn more calories D. regain their appetites 27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A. Eat quickly. B. Play fast music. C. Use smaller spoons. D. Turn down the lights. 28.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Is Your House Making You Fat? B. Ways of Serving Dinner C. Effects of Self-Consciousness D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing? 【话题解读】此篇文章是一篇饮食与健康有关的话题。文章讲述了如何科学的设计自己的房间内部的 颜色、装饰等来达到减少食物的摄入量，从而让自己保持自己喜欢的体形。 26.B 【解析】细节理解题。从第三段中的＂In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room＂可知，在蓝色的环境下进餐可 以减少食物的摄入量。故选 B。 28.A 【解析】标题推断题。本文分析了我们如何通过改善室内的陈述及就餐时的器具等来达到节食的目 的，故 A 项符合题意。