2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修7+unit+3

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修7+unit+3

‎[话题素材——海底世界]‎ 好词 ‎1．beach n. 沙滩 2.surface n. 水面；表面 ‎3．serious adj. 严重的 4.waves n. 波浪 ‎5．shallow adj.浅的 6.still adj.平静的 ‎7．fresh water 淡水 8.sea port 海港 ‎9．underground water 地下水 ‎10．sea animals and plants 海洋动植物 ‎11．ocean environmental protection 海洋环保 ‎12．the depths of the sea 海洋深度 ‎13．be abundant in ……丰富；富含……‎ ‎14．be greatly surprised/astonished 惊奇不已 ‎15．World Ocean Day 世界海洋日 佳句 ‎1．Some people have seen the sea, while others haven't.‎ 有些人见过大海，然而另一些人没见过。‎ ‎2．The sea looks beautiful on a fine day. But it_can_be_very_rough when there is a strong wind.‎ 在晴朗的日子，大海看起来很美，可是在刮大风时，大海很粗暴。‎ ‎3．Do you know the Dead Sea? It is so salty that you can't sink when you are in the water.‎ 你知道死海吗？那里的水很咸，当你在水中时，你不会沉下去。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Beihai Aquatic Products Museum (北海水产品展示馆) is located in the Seashore Park of Beihai City. Opened to the public in 1978， it is regarded as the largest aquatic products museum in China. Besides the sea animals and plants in South China Sea which are common in any kind of aquatic products museum， this museum also gives visitors an opportunity to see some special ones. A Dugong (美人鱼)， which is quite rare on earth now， about 2 meters long， is now on display in the Sea Animal Hall. Some sea animals， such as the Chinese White Dolphin， which are protected by the Chinese government， are also on exhibition.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．accommodation (n.) 住所；住宿→accommodate (vt.) 提供住宿 ‎2．abandon (vt.) 放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned (adj.) 被遗弃的；放纵的 ‎3．reflect (vi.) 思考 (vt.) 映射；反射；思考→reflection (n.) 反射；反映 ‎4．aware (adj.) 意识到的；知道的→awareness (n.) 意识；觉悟 ‎5．conservation (n.) 保存；保护→conserve (vt.) 保存；保藏 ‎6．scare (vt.) 恐吓 (vi.) 受惊吓→scared (adj.) 恐惧的；害怕的→scary (adj.) 引起恐慌的 ‎7．tasty (adj.) 好吃的；可口的→taste (v.) 品尝；有……味道 (n.) 味道；喜好→tasteless (adj.) 无味的；不可口的 ‎8．annual (adj.) 每年的；按年度计算的(n.) 年刊；年鉴→annually (adv.) 每年地；年度地→anniversary (n.) 周年纪念 ‎9．depth (n.) 深(度)；深处→deep (adj.) 深的→deepen (v.) 加深 ‎10．relationship (n.) 关系；血缘关系；交往→relation (n.) 关系；联系；交往；亲戚(关系)；亲属(关系)→relate (vt.&vi.) (把……)联系起来；讲述；叙述→relative (adj.) 与……有关的；相比较的 ‎11．urge (vt.) 催促；极力主张；驱策→urgent (adj.) 急迫的；催促的；强求的→urgency (n.) 紧急，迫切 ‎12．sharp (adj.) 锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen (vt.&vi.) (使)变锋利；削尖；磨快→sharpener (n.) 削刀；磨床；磨器；磨具 ‎13．narrow (adj.) 狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的→narrowly (adv.) 仅仅；勉强地 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1._sort_out　　　　　　　　分类；整理 ‎2．be_about_to 即将；将要 ‎3．ahead_of 优于；在……前面 ‎4．aim_at 瞄准 ‎5．in_the_meantime 在此期间；与此同时 ‎6．help(...)out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难 ‎7．be/become_aware_of 对……知道、明白；意识到……‎ ‎8．upside_down 上下翻转 ‎9．get_close_to 靠近 ‎10．be_scared_to_death 吓死了 ‎11．hold_up 阻挡 ‎12．reflect_on 认真思考/沉思 ‎13．be_abandoned_by... 被……遗弃 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．a time＋when引导的定语从句 It_was_a_time_when(那是一个……时期)the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.(教材P19)‎ ‎2．be about to＋动词原形 表示即将发生的事情 This was the call that announced there_was_about_to_be (即将有)a whale hunt.(教材P20)‎ ‎3．v.ing的被动式作宾语补足语 As we drew closer, I could see_a_whale_being_attacked (看到一条鲸鱼正在被袭击)by a pack of about six other killers. (教材P20)‎ ‎4．with的复合结构作状语 I'm sitting in the warm night air with_a_cold_drink_in_my_hand (手持一杯冷饮)and reflecting on the day－a day of pure magic！(教材P24)‎ ‎5．where..., there be... “在……的地方有……”，where 引导地点状语从句 The water was quite shallow but where_the_reef_ended,_there_was (在珊瑚礁尽头的地方，有) a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(教材P24)‎ ‎6．动名词的复合结构作宾语 The fish didn't seem to mind_me_swimming_among_them_(介意我在它们中间游动)．(教材P24)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I ________ (witness) it with my own eyes many times.‎ 答案：witnessed　由时间状语then可知应为一般过去时，故应填witnessed。‎ ‎2．I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, ________ (show) us the way.‎ 答案：showing　Old Tom与show之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎3．From Jame's face, I could see he was terrified of ________ (abandon) by us.‎ 答案：being abandoned　句意：从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。介词of后应用v.－ing形式，且句意表被动，故填being abandoned。‎ ‎4．It took over half an hour ________ (get) the boat back to James.‎ 答案：to get　It takes/took＋一段时间＋to do sth.“花费……多长时间做……”。‎ ‎5．And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt where the other killers were still ________ (attack) the whale.‎ 答案：attacking　该句为过去进行时，故应填attacking。‎ ‎6．________ (see) such extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up.‎ 答案：Seeing　考查分词作状语。see与其逻辑主语I构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词seeing。‎ ‎7．A large wiselooking turtle was passing so close to me ________ I could have touched it.‎ 答案：that　so...that...“如此……以致于……”。‎ ‎8．The first thing I became aware ________ was all the vivid colours surrounding me.‎ 答案：of　be/become aware of“意识到……”。‎ ‎9．Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, ________ suddenly appeared from behind some coral.‎ 答案：which　该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为two grey reef ‎ sharks，从句中缺少主语，故填which。‎ ‎10．I told myself they weren't dangerous but that didn't stop me ________ (feel) scared to death for a moment!‎ 答案：feeling　stop sb. (from) doing“阻止某人做……”。‎ ‎1　　witness　n．目击者；证人；证据　vt.当场见到；目击 I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.(P20)‎ 当时我以为这只是个故事，但是后来我却多次亲眼目睹了这样的事情。‎ ‎(1)a witness to sth.某事的证人/证明 in witness of 作为……的证据 bear/give witness to sth.为……作证；证明 ‎(2)witness for为……作证 witness to (doing) sth.作证证明(做)某事 ‎①[2013·陕西高考]The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.‎ 刚才被警察问询的目击者对于这场争斗给出了不同的描述。‎ ‎②Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.‎ 彼得斯和其他在Park Plaza及其附近工作的人员多次目睹了松鼠被撞到。‎ ‎③The driver witnessed_to_having_seen the man enter the building.‎ 司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。‎ ‎2　　urge　vt.催促；极力主张；驱策　n．强烈的欲望；冲动 ‎“Man overboard! Turn the boat around！” urged George, shouting loudly. (P20)‎ 乔治催促着，大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”‎ ‎(1)urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事 urge sb. into doing sth. 怂恿某人做某事 urge that...(should)_do sth. 极力主张；强调……‎ It is urged that...(should)_do sth. 坚决要求……‎ ‎(2)have the urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望 ‎(3)urgent adj. 紧迫的，迫切的，非常重要的 ‎(4)urgency n. 紧急；迫切 ‎①[2014·上海高考]In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, urging the local government to_give financial support to struggling shops.‎ 据估计，在2010年共有大约400家村里的商店关门，这就督促当地政府给予正在拼搏中的商店一定的经济支持。‎ ‎②[牛津词典]The report urged that all children be_taught to swim.‎ 这份报告呼吁教所有的儿童游泳。‎ ‎③It is urged that the government (should)_take immediate action to prevent such thing happening again.‎ 人们极力主张政府应该立即采取措施阻止此类事情再度发生。‎ ‎④[北师大①－1]Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.‎ 一天中的每分钟都排满了急待解决的事情。‎ ‎3　　abandon　vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃 From James's face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. (P21)‎ 从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。‎ ‎(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea/post 放弃希望/计划/主意/职位 abandon oneself to... 沉湎于……；纵情于……‎ abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 ‎(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地 ‎(3)abandoned adj. 无约束的；被遗弃的；废弃的 ‎①[2015·广东高考]He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned.‎ 他有一座农场，看起来几近荒芜。‎ ‎②[2015·北京高考]Grylls is_abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.‎ Grylls被遗弃在一片荒野，不得不寻求出路。‎ ‎③It was not until then that I realized how foolish it was of me to abandon_myself_to computer games.‎ 直到那时我才意识到自己迷恋电脑游戏是多么地愚蠢。‎ ‎4　　opposite　adj.相反的；不同的　n．相反的事物；对立的人/物/反面　prep.与……相对 We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water.(P20)‎ 我们及时赶到岸边，看到在我们对面一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面……‎ ‎(1)be opposite to在……对面 just the opposite恰恰相反 ‎(2)oppose vt.反对、反抗 oppose sb./sth.反对……‎ oppose doing sth.反对做某事……‎ ‎(3)opposed adj.反抗的，抵抗的 be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对做某事 be opposed to...与……相反 ‎(4)opposition n．抵抗；反对 ‎①[2015·北京高考]Opposite is St. Paul's Church, where you can hear some lovely music.‎ 对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些美妙的音乐。‎ ‎②He lives in the house opposite_to ours.‎ 他住在我们对面的那栋房子里。‎ ‎③[2013·上海高考]Opposing the EU directive would mean beneficial measures like this would be threatened.‎ 反抗欧盟将会意味着像这样有益的措施将会受到威胁。‎ ‎5　　reflect　vi.思考　vt.映射；反射；思考 I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic！(P24)‎ 我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！‎ ‎(1)be reflected in 被反映在……；被映照在……中 reflect on/upon sth. 仔细考虑/思考某事 reflect that... 思考……‎ ‎(2)reflection n. 反射；反映；沉思；倒影，影像 be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中 a reflection of ……的反映 ‎①[2015·广东高考]A person's accent reflects his class.‎ 一个人的口音反映出他的阶级。‎ ‎②[2014·湖北高考]He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city.‎ 他想让玻璃的表面去反射天空和城市。‎ ‎③It is time that we reflected_on our behaviour and took effective steps to protect the environment or the earth will be unfit for us to live on one day.‎ 到了反思我们行为并采取有效措施保护环境的时候了，否则地球将有一天不再适合我们居住。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2015·福建高考]It is not the story itself but what is ________ (reflect) in the story that counts.‎ 答案：reflected　分析句子结构知，空处应填过去分词构成被动。句意：不是故事本身，而是故事中所反映出来的内容重要。‎ ‎2．[2014·天津高考]Our city ________ (witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.‎ 答案：witnesses　句意：我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点冷。主语为单数形式，故应填witnesses。‎ ‎3．We urged that he ________ (apology) to Mary.‎ 答案：(should) apologize　当urge后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词应用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。‎ ‎4．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Tony was ________(scare) and begun to cry.‎ 答案：scared　句意：托尼很害怕，开始哭起来。修饰人，应用形容词scared，意为“害怕的”。‎ ‎5．[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]I'd also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether ________ (accommodate) is included.‎ 答案：accommodation　句意：我也想知道我需要付多少钱，其中是否包含住宿。whether后的从句中缺少主语，故应填名词accommodation。‎ ‎6．At that age, I always did something opposite ________ whatever my parents did!‎ 答案：to　句意：在那个年纪，我常与父母对着干！(be) opposite to...“与……相反；在……对面”。‎ ‎7．He ________ (pause) for breath and then continued climbing.‎ 答案：paused　句意：他暂停下喘口气然后继续爬。由句意及continued一词可知应用一般过去时，故填paused。‎ ‎8．[2014·陕西高考]I wish that sports day could ________ (abandon) and replaced with some other lesscompetitive event.‎ 答案：be abandoned　句意：我希望运动会能够取消并由一些竞争不太激烈的项目代替。“运动会”应是“被取消”，故应填be abandoned。‎ ‎9．[2014·江苏高考]A student whose friends are good at academics may ________ (urge) to study harder and get good marks.‎ 答案：be urged　句意：有一个擅长学习的朋友的学生可能会被催促着更加努力学习并取得高分。由句意可知应用被动形式。‎ ‎10．He spent six months in prison before ________ (flee) the country.‎ 答案：fleeing　此处before应为介词，故填fleeing。‎ ‎1　　help (...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难 What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out？(P21)‎ 有什么证据能说明老汤姆帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境？‎ ‎(1)help sb. with/(to) do sth. 帮助某人某事/做某事 can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 can't help but_do sth. 只得做某事；不得不做某事 help yourself (to sth.) 随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)‎ ‎(2)with the help of sb.＝with_one's_help在某人的帮助下 ‎①We'd better sometimes talk with our parents, teachers or friends, who may help_us_out when we're in trouble.‎ 我们最好偶尔同老师、父母、朋友交流，在我们有困难时，他们会帮助我们脱离困境。‎ ‎②[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]A home environment in blue can help_people_reduce food intake.‎ 蓝色家居环境能帮助人们减少食物摄入量。‎ ‎③[2015·陕西高考]Six volunteers slid down the cliff with_the_help_of a rope.‎ 六名志愿者借助绳索滑下悬崖。‎ ‎④[2014·重庆高考]Some people believe that they can't_help_putting_on_weight as they get older.‎ 一些人认为他们随着年龄增长会禁不住长胖。‎ ‎2　　become/be aware of 意识到 The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me—purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.(P24)‎ 我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。‎ ‎(1)be aware that... 知道；体会到……‎ make sb. aware of/that... 使某人注意到……；提醒某人注意……‎ as far as I'm aware 据我所知 ‎(2)awareness n. 意识；认识；察觉 develop an awareness of... 培养……的意识 raise awareness 提高认识 ‎①[2014·浙江高考]I was offering them as well, without being_aware_of doing it, a new and exciting experience.‎ 在没有意识到的情况下，我给了他们一个全新的，令人兴奋的经历。‎ ‎②[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]New students are now aware_that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.‎ 新生们现在意识到他们很可能在大学毕业时负债高达15000英镑。‎ ‎③We must take measures to raise_everyone's_awareness of protecting our environment.‎ 我们必须要采取措施提高所有人的环保意识。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 (be) scared to death； upside down； help out； aware of； in the meantime； sort out； hold up； reflect on ‎1．[2014·陕西高考]We realized an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance.‎ ‎ Fortunately a lot of people stopped to ________.‎ 答案：help out ‎2．[2015·广东高考]However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results ________.‎ 答案：upside down ‎3．After I heard the terrifying news, nothing could have stopped me from feeling ________.‎ 答案：scared to death ‎4．You should set aside some time to ________ your successes and failures.‎ 答案：reflect on ‎5．The building work has been ________ by the bad weather.‎ 答案：held up ‎6．[2014·天津高考]Looking at her large empty apartment, I became ________ how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.‎ 答案：aware of ‎7．She told me to ________ the papers that could be thrown away.‎ 答案：sort out ‎8．I like skiing and ________， I know it is very dangerous.‎ 答案：in the meantime ‎1　　It_was_a_time_when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.(P19)‎ 那个时期，虎鲸(当时被称为“杀手”)帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。‎ 语境助记 ‎①It_was_a_time_when motorcars were rare.‎ 那时汽车是很罕见的。‎ ‎②There_was_a_time_when this style of dress was popular with young girls.‎ 曾经一度这种款式的服装很受年轻女孩的欢迎。‎ ‎③I still remember a_time_when I lived in Germany.‎ 我仍记得在德国住过的那一段时间。‎ ‎2　　The water was quite shallow but where_ the reef ended, there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(P24)‎ 水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。‎ where...， there be...意为“在……的地方；有……”。where引导地点状语从句，另外wherever“在何处；无论何处”也可引导地点状语从句。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·安徽高考]Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.‎ 在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在有着更进一步、不断向前的决心。‎ ‎②[2014·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Since then, we have been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.‎ 从那以后，我们一直让圣女果自己繁殖。‎ ‎③[2014·重庆高考]Cultural differences occur wherever you go.‎ 无论你走到哪里，文化差异都会发生。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]Where there is a will, there_is a way.‎ 有志者，事竟成。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)‎ ‎1．[2015·北京高考]On Tuesday, Nicholas stayed ________ he was.‎ 答案：where　句意：在星期二，Nicholas待在原地。where引导地点状语从句。‎ ‎2.[2013·北京高考]You have to trust your mind that it'll take you ________ you want to go.‎ 答案：where　句意：你必须相信你的头脑，它会带你去你想去的地方。‎ ‎3．There was a time ________ mini skirt was in fashion.‎ 答案：when　句意：迷你裙曾经一度很流行。‎ ‎4．I strongly believe that ________ there is a dream, there is hope.‎ 答案：where　句意：我坚信有梦想，就有希望。‎ ‎5．It was a time ________ most people did not know how to operate a computer.‎ 答案：when　It/There was a time when...“曾经一度(那时)……”。‎ Ⅱ.翻译句子 ‎1．在有河流的地方就会有城市。‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：Where there is a river, there is a city.‎ ‎2．曾经一度我感觉很孤独。‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：There was a time when I felt very lonely.‎ 复习ing 形式的被动语态 当动词ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词ing形式的被动语态，即being done形式。它与其主动语态一样在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、补语、状语。‎ ‎(1)作主语 being done用于句首作主语，表示一个被动的动作。‎ Being exposed (expose) to sunshine for too much time will do harm to one's skin.‎ ‎(2)作宾语 being done 可以用于动词或介词后作宾语，表示一个被动的动作。‎ ‎[2014·北京高考]The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being recognized (recognize)．‎ ‎(3)作定语 being done 作定语，只能置于被修饰名词后，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。‎ The problem being discussed (discuss) now is very important.‎ ‎(4)作补足语 being done 可以用在某些动词(see, hear, watch, feel, notice, find, keep...)后作宾语补足语，表示一个正在进行的被动动作。‎ You'll find the topic being discussed (discuss) everywhere now.‎ ‎(5)作状语 being done用作状语，是一个比较重要的用法，主要用于句首表示原因，有时也表示其他关系(如时间等)。‎ Being repaired (repair)，the road is blocked now.‎ ‎“being done”的完成时为“having been done”通常在句中多作宾语和状语。‎ Having been taught (teach) many times, the boy still didn't know how to do the exercises.‎ ‎“being done”的否定形式为“not being done”；其完成式为“not having been done”。‎ He was unhappy for not being invited (not invite) to the party.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2014·大纲全国卷]After only six months of ________ (care) by 25－year－old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions.‎ 答案：being cared　介词of后接v.－ing形式，且由空后的by可知表示被动，故填being cared。‎ ‎2．[2015·湖南高考]As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than ________ (praise) by my teacher before my classmates.‎ 答案：being praised ‎3．[2014·江苏高考]The lecture ________ (give), a lively questionandanswer session followed.‎ 答案：given/having been given　此处为独立主格结构，lecture与give之间为被动关系，且表示发生在谓语动词之前。‎ ‎4．Tom didn't show up in the important ceremony for ________ (inform)．‎ 答案：not being informed　介词for后应接v.－ing形式，且Tom是被告知。句意：汤姆没有出现在这次重要的典礼上，因为没有接到通知。‎ ‎5．The building ________ (build) now will be used as our reading room.‎ 答案：being built　句意：正在被修建的大楼将用作我们的读书室。考查being done作定语，表示正在进行的被动动作。‎