【英语】2019-2020学年二轮复习英语新考势突破检测：10定语从句作业

【英语】2019-2020学年二轮复习英语新考势突破检测：10定语从句作业

课时作业10　定语从句 ‎(建议用时　40分钟)‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空(用适当的关系词填空)‎ ‎1．That's the new machine ________ parts are too small to be seen.‎ ‎2．I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else's fault.‎ ‎3．It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.‎ ‎4．I admire my English teacher.I can remember very few occasions ________ she stopped working because of ill health.‎ ‎5．In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one ________ they can earn money to support themselves.‎ ‎6．Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.‎ ‎7．The dishes ________ I cooked were Mom's favorite.‎ ‎8．He wrote a letter ________ he explains what had happened in the accident.‎ ‎9．Simon is a comedian and actor ________ has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy.‎ ‎10．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.‎ 答案与解析 ‎1．whose　考查定语从句。machine为先行词，从句的主语parts前缺少作定语的引导词，只能填入whose。 ‎ ‎2．that　考查定语从句。句意：我拒绝接受因为别人的错误而遭受的责备。由句意可知，题干中的先行词为something。 当先行词为something、 nothing、anything 等不定代词时，定语从句的引导词只能用that。 ‎ ‎3．where　考查定语从句。句意：让孩子置身于一个能够从不同的角度审视自己的环境中是有好处的。所填词引导定语从句并在从句中作状语，先行词表示地点，故用where。 ‎ ‎4．when　考查定语从句。句意：我很钦佩我的英语老师，我记得她很少有因为生病而停止工作的时候。分析句子成分可知，occasions为先行词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。‎ ‎5．where　考查定语从句。句意：在大多数情况下，大学毕业生不在乎他们将做什么工作，只要是一个能挣钱养活自己的工作就行。“________they can earn money to support themselves”为定语从句，先行词为one，即a job。将先行词代入定语从句后为they can earn money to support themselves in the job，由此可见关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。 ‎ ‎6．which/that　考查定语从句。句意：他最后到了一座完全与外面世界隔绝的孤岛上。定语从句修饰的先行词是island，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The island was completely cut off from the outside world.由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词表“物”，‎ 故用that或which。 ‎ ‎7．which/that/不填　考查定语从句。关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系词which/that，也可不填。 ‎ ‎8．where　考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生了什么。先行词为a letter，定语从句中的主谓宾成分齐全，缺少的是地点状语，所以用关系副词where。‎ ‎9．who/that　考查定语从句。先行词是a comedian and actor，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用who或者that。 ‎ ‎10．where　考查定语从句。句意：这家公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，在这种氛围中他的员工们全都享受工作的快乐。此定语从句中先行词为atmosphere，为抽象地点名词，定语从句缺少状语，故应该用表示地点的关系副词where来引导定语从句。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, it drove off quickly.________‎ ‎2．First，we went to Zhili Governor Office，where is a very famous tourist spot in China.________ ‎ ‎3．Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution，what is bad for living things in the world.________ ‎ ‎4．In life people make many decisions，some of what are so important that they affect us greatly.________ ‎ ‎5．It can be seen，more and more people own mobile phones in ‎ China now.________‎ ‎6．I stay in a dormitory with three other girls，all of them are kind and nice.________‎ ‎7．Cartier first reached the Gulf of the St.Lawrence，which he wanted to make an exploration.________ ‎ ‎8．Can you tell me the way in which you have come up with.________ ‎ ‎9．Is this the reason why he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work.________ ‎ ‎10．Students fail to meet the requirements of the course will fail.________‎ 答案与解析 ‎1．it→which　考查定语从句。句意：我正在一个十字路口等绿灯，这时一个大约十岁的小女孩被一辆经过的汽车撞倒了，这辆车快速逃逸了。it不能引导非限制性定语从句，故应用关系代词which引导。‎ ‎2．where→ which　考查定语从句。句意：首先，我们前往直隶总督府，这在中国是一个非常著名的旅游景点。先行词为Zhili Governor Office，且定语从句中缺少主语，故应将where改为which，注意关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ‎ ‎3．what→ which　考查定语从句。句意：空气污染是最严重的污染，对世界上所有生物都有害。先行词为air pollution，‎ 关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，what不能引导定语从句。 ‎ ‎4．what→ which　句意：人们在生活中作出很多决定，其中一些决定是如此重要以至于对我们造成巨大的影响。介词＋which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词decisions。‎ ‎5．It →As　考查定语从句。句意：正如所见，现在在中国，越来越多的人拥有手机。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，代替主句内容。 ‎ ‎6．在all前面加and或them →whom　考查定语从句。句意：我和其他三个女孩住在一个宿舍里，她们都善良而友好，逗号前后均为句子，应由连词连接，故在all前加and；也可以将逗号后的成分看成定语从句，先行词为girls, 指人，故需将them改为whom。‎ ‎7．which→ where　考查定语从句。句意：Cartier首先抵达了圣劳伦斯湾，他想在那里进行探索。先行词 the Gulf of the St.Lawrence指地点，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，故关系代词which 应改为关系副词where。‎ ‎8．把in去掉　考查定语从句。因为先行词the way在从句中作宾语，故用that或which来引导该定语从句。 ‎ ‎9．why→that/which或把why去掉　考查定语从句。因为定语从句中缺少宾语，the reason指物，故用which或that来引导定语从句，也可省略。‎ ‎10．students 后面加who/that　考查定语从句。students后面是定语从句，用来修饰前面的名词，真正的谓语动词是句尾的will fail。指人，在定语从句中作主语，故用who或that引导。‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2019 年北京石景山区高三一模)‎ Did The Earth Move For You?‎ Elevenyearold Angela suffered from a disease involving her nervous system.She was unable to __1__ and her movement was restricted in other ways as well.The doctors did not hold out much __2__ of her ever recovering from this illness.They __3__ she'd spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair.They said that __4__， if any, were able to come back to normal after catching this disease.But the little girl was brave and confident.There, lying in her hospital bed, she would__5__ to anyone who'd listen that she was definitely going to be walking again someday.‎ She was then sent to a specialized rehabilitation hospital in the San Francisco Bay area.Whatever therapies(治疗方法) could be__6__ to her case were used.Things didn't work as the therapists expected.Still they were charmed by her __7__ spirit.They taught her about __8__—about seeing herself walking. If it would do nothing else, it would __9__ give her hope and something __10__ to do in the long waking hours in her bed.Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy, in whirlpools and in exercise sessions.And she worked just as hard lying ‎ there __11__ doing her imaging, visualizing herself moving, moving, moving!‎ One day, as she was twisting with all her __12__ to imagine her legs moving again, it seemed as though a __13__ thing happened: The bed moved! It began to move around the room! She __14__ out, “Look what I'm doing! Look! Look! I __15__ it！I moved！”‎ Of course, at this very moment everyone else in the hospital was screaming, too, and running for __16__．People were screaming, equipment was __17__ and glass was breaking.You see, it was the recent San Francisco earthquake.But don't tell that to Angela.She's __18__ that she did it.And now only a few years later, she's back in school.‎ ‎__19__ her own two legs.No crutches(拐杖), no wheelchair.You see, anyone who can shake the earth between San Francisco and Oakland can conquer a little disease.You never know what's around the corner until you take a __20__ step.‎ ‎1．A.hear B．speak ‎ C．walk D．see ‎2．A.pride B．hope ‎ C．regret D．pity ‎3．A.predicted B．forgot ‎ C．denied D．promised ‎4．A.some B．few ‎ C．many D．all ‎5．A.apologize B．appeal ‎ C．refer D．swear ‎6．A.applied B．appointed ‎ C．compared D．explained ‎7．A.competitive B．independent ‎ C．sensitive D．undefeatable ‎8．A.concentrating B．summarizing ‎ C．picturing D．sorting ‎9．A.in advance B．for some reason ‎ C．on the contrary D．at least ‎10．A.positive B．attractive ‎ C．familiar D．boring ‎11．A.gratefully B．faithfully ‎ C．hopelessly D．royally ‎12．A.might B．interest ‎ C．fame D．need ‎13．A.normal B．magical ‎ C．funny D．simple ‎14．A.found B．screamed ‎ C．turned D．counted ‎15．A.understood B．refused ‎ C．made D．decided ‎16．A.cover B．comfort ‎ C．freedom D．office ‎17．A.exploding B．working ‎ C．selfrepairing D．falling ‎18．A.persuaded B．ashamed ‎ C．convinced D．worried ‎19．A.By B．With ‎ C．On D．For ‎20．A.cautious B．reasonable ‎ C．final D．further 答案与解析 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了靠轮椅行走的安吉拉，连医生对她的康复都不抱希望，但她始终没有放弃，一次意想不到的地震让她觉得是她自己的腿能动了，并对此坚信不疑，几年后她真的靠自己的双腿重新走进了学校。短文告诉读者：不尝试，不努力，永远不知道自己是否能成功。‎ ‎1．C　考查动词辨析。A.hear听；B.speak说；C.walk走；D.see看。句意：她不能走路，她的行动在其他方面也受到限制。由“her movement was restricted in other ways as well”可知，她的行动在其他方面也受到限制，所以判断出她不能走。故C选项切题。‎ ‎2．B　考查名词辨析。A.pride自豪；B.hope希望；C.regret后悔；D.pity同情。句意：医生们对她从这种疾病中康复不抱太大希望。由“she'd spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair”可知，她将在轮椅上度过余生。所以医生们对她从这种疾病中康复不抱太大希望。故B 选项切题。‎ ‎3．A　考查动词辨析。A.predicted预测；B.forgot忘记；C.denied 否认；D.promised承诺。句意：他们预料她将在轮椅上度过余生。医生根据病人所得的病以及病状，会对病人的病情进行预测。故A 选项切题。‎ ‎4．B　考查代词辨析。A.some一些；B.few很少；C.many很多；D.all全部。句意：他们说，如果有的话，也很少有人能在感染这种疾病后恢复正常。few表示否定，用来说明感染这种疾病后恢复正常的人寥寥无几。故B选项切题。‎ ‎5．D　考查动词辨析。A.apologize道歉；B.appeal吸引；C.refer参考；D.swear发誓。句意：她躺在医院的病床上，向每一个愿意聆听她说话的人保证，总有一天她会重新站起来。由“she was definitely going to be walking again someday.”可知，总有一天她会重新站起来。这句话是她向每一个愿意聆听她说话的人保证的内容。所以swear to sb.“向某人发誓”符合句意。故D选项切题。‎ ‎6．A　考查动词辨析。A.applied应用；B.appointed任命；C.compared对比；D.explained解释。句意：无论什么样的治疗方法都应用在了她的身上。治疗方法一定使用在病人身上。be applied to ‎ ‎“被应用于．..”符合句意。故A 选项切题。‎ ‎7．D　考查形容词辨析。A.competitive有竞争力的；B.independent独立的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.undefeatable不可战胜的。句意：他们仍然还是被她那不屈不挠的精神打动了。由still可知，治疗效果并不像治疗师们所期望的那样好，但他们仍然还是被她那不屈不挠的精神打动了。故 D 选项切题。‎ ‎8．C　考查动词辨析。A.concentrating集中；B.summarizing总结；C.picturing 想象；D.sorting分类。句意：他们教她想象——教她看着自己走路。下文 imaging和 visualizing与picturing为同义词。因为安吉拉只是一个11岁的孩子，医生为了给她希望，所以教她想象自己的腿能动，所以她才会躺在病床上想象着自己的腿能动。故 C 选项切题。‎ ‎9．D　考查介词短语辨析。A.in advance提前；B.for some reason出于某种原因；C.on the contrary相反地；D.at least至少。句意：如果它不起作用的话，也可以让她在躺在病床上的漫长醒着的时间里做些积极的事情。由前文可知，所有的治疗方法对她来说，效果都不是很好，所以治疗专家教了一些她所能做的事情。所以at least“至少”表示治疗专家所教给她的东西，能起到的最低效果。故 D 选项切题。‎ ‎10．A　考查形容词辨析。A.positive积极的；B.attractive吸引人的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.boring令人厌烦的。句意：如果它不起作用的话，它至少会给她希望，让她在躺在病床上的漫长醒着的时间里做些积极的事情。由上下文可知，治疗专家教她想象，‎ 教她看自己走路。她也是这样做的，每天都坚定地努力着。所以她做的是一些积极的事情。故A 选项切题。‎ ‎11．B　考查副词辨析。A.gratefully感激地；B.faithfully忠实地；C.hopelessly无望地；D.royally盛大地。句意：每天安吉拉都躺在那里坚定地努力着，想象自己在动，在动，在动！由上文可知，安吉拉是个不屈不挠的孩子，所以安吉拉为恢复健康一直在坚定地努力着。故B选项切题。‎ ‎12．A　考查名词辨析。A.might力量；B.interest兴趣；C.fame名誉；D.need需要。句意：一天，当她竭尽全力扭动身体想象自己的腿能再次移动时，似乎发生了一件神奇的事情：床移动了！因为她想象自己的腿能再次移动，所以用尽全力来扭动身体。希望自己的腿真的可以动起来。故A 选项切题。‎ ‎13．B　考查形容词辨析。A.normal正常的；B.magical神奇的；C.funny滑稽的；D.simple简单的。句意：一天，当她竭尽全力想象自己的腿能再次移动时，似乎发生了一件神奇的事情：床移动了！由“The bed moved”可知，床移动了。不可能移动的床移动了，所以几乎发生了一件神奇的事情。故B选项切题。‎ ‎14．B　考查动词辨析。A.found发现；B.screamed尖叫；C.turned转向；D.counted计算。句意：她尖叫起来：“看我在做什么！看！看！我成功了！我动了！”。由“Look what I'm doing! Look! Look！...”可知，安吉拉尖叫了起来，表示安吉拉既兴奋又惊讶。故B选项切题。‎ ‎15．C　考查动词辨析。A.understood理解；B.refused拒绝；C.made制作；D.decided决定。句意：我成功了！作者觉得自己的努力，终于有了回报，终于动了起来。make it “成功”符合句意。故C 选项切题。‎ ‎16．A　考查名词辨析。A.cover掩蔽物；B.comfort安慰；C.freedom自由；D.office办公室。句意：当然，就在这个时候，医院里的其他人也都在尖叫，四处跑着寻找掩蔽物。由下文可知，发生了地震，所有人的正常反应就是要寻找掩蔽物。故A选项切题。‎ ‎17．D　考查动词辨析。A.exploding爆炸；B.working工作；C.selfrepairing自我修复；D.falling落下。句意：人们在尖叫，设备在坠落，玻璃在破碎。地震时，所有的东西都会掉落。故D选项切题。‎ ‎18．C　考查动词辨析。A.persuaded被说服的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.convinced确信的；D.worried担忧的。句意：她确信她成功了。安吉拉不知道发生了地震。所以，她确信她终于成功了。故C选项切题。‎ ‎19．C　考查介词辨析。A.By 通过；B.With和；C.On靠；D.For对于。句意：靠自己的两条腿。安吉拉重新返回来学校，不是靠拐杖，也不是靠轮椅，而是靠着自己的两条腿，说明安吉拉真地站了起来。所以on“靠，凭”符合句意。故C选项切题。‎ ‎20．D　考查形容词辨析。A.cautious谨慎的；B.reasonable合理的；C.final最后的；D.further较远的。句意：在你迈出下一步之前，‎ 你永远不知道要发生什么事情。本句为短文的升华部分，告诉读者不尝试，不努力，永远不知道自己是否能成功。所以further“进一步的”符合句意。故D选项切题。‎ Ⅳ.语法填空 ‎(2019年江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)‎ When scholars of international relations predict that the 21st century will be a “Chinese century”， they are full of reasons. __1__ America remains the only superpower, China is responsible for an important share of global change.Since__2__ start of the financial crisis in 2008, for example, China has accounted__3__ 45% of the gain in world GDP.In 1990 about 750 million Chinese people lived in extreme __4__ (poor); today fewer than 10 million do. Its GDP per person, in the terms of purchasingpower，__5__ (rise) ten times since 1990.‎ China's __6__ (amaze) performance has greatly affected the world's economic output.The Economist has worked out a geographic centre of the global economy by taking an average of each country's latitude and longitude(经纬度), __7__ (measure) by __8__ (it) GDP.At the height of America's control, this point previously sat in the north Atlantic.But China has pulled it so far east __9__ the global centre of economic gravity __10__ (be) now in Siberia.‎ 答案与解析 文章大意：本文为说明文。国际关系学者预言21世纪将是“‎ 中国的世纪”，本文介绍了这些学者作出如此预言的理由。‎ ‎1．Although/Though/While　考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管美国仍然是唯一的超级大国，但中国在全球变化中也扮演着重要角色。根据句意，此处应为让步状语从句。although/though/while“虽然，尽管”。故填Although/Though/While“虽然，尽管”。‎ ‎2．the　考查冠词。此处特指“2008年金融危机爆发”，应使用定冠词。故填the。‎ ‎3．for　考查介词。句意：中国占全球GDP增长的45%。account for是固定短语，“占比例”的意思。故填for。‎ ‎4．poverty　考查名词。根据空前介词in及形容词extreme可知，此处应使用名词“贫困”。故填poverty。‎ ‎5．has risen　考查时态。根据时间状语since 1990可知，此处应使用现在完成时。故填has risen。‎ ‎6．amazing　考查形容词。此处修饰performance，应使用ing形容词，意为“令人惊讶的表现”。故填amazing。‎ ‎7．measured　考查过去分词。句意：《经济学家》计算出了全球经济的地理中心，方法是用GDP来衡量每个国家的经纬度平均值。此处与an average of each country's latitude and longitude是逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词，表被动。故填measured。‎ ‎8．its　考查代词。此处指代each country's，应使用形容词性物主代词。故填its。‎ ‎9．that ‎　考查固定结构。句意：中国已经把它拉到如此遥远的东方，以至于全球经济重心现在位于西伯利亚。此处为so...that...“如此……以至于……”。故填that。‎ ‎10．is　考查时态。根据句意及句中时间状语now可知，此处应使用一般现在时。故填is。‎ Ⅴ.短文改错 ‎(2019年江西省重点中学盟校高三第一次联考)‎ My classmates and I were to graduate next month.We were determined to do something.After a heating discussion, we decided on making a video to record our experience at school.‎ It took us a whole week to collect materials, during that we interviewed our teachers or took photos of every aspect of school life.The editing part before that was tough.We discussed what to put into the video.Some compromises are unavoidable, but the video turned out perfectly.Several days later, when the video was playing on the graduation ceremony, it was well received.The teachers and students shared a great time.That surely gave to us a great sense of achievement.‎ 文章大意：本文为记叙文。作者和他的同学们在毕业前制作了一段具有纪念意义的视频，并取得了很好的效果。文章记叙了这段视频初步的制作过程。‎ ‎1．考查冠词。根据语境，此处使用的是过去将来时。next month跟一般将来时连用，the next month与过去将来时连用。故next前加the。‎ ‎2．考查形容词。此处意为“在一次热烈的讨论之后”。heated“热烈的，激烈的”，heating“加热的，供热的”。故heating改为heated。‎ ‎3．‎ 考查名词复数。句意：我们决定制作一个视频来记录我们在学校的经历。experience表“经验”是不可数名词，表“经历”是可数名词。故experience改为experiences。‎ ‎4．考查非限制性定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是a whole week，关系词与介词during在从句中作时间状语，应使用关系代词which引导。故that改为which。‎ ‎5．考查连词。句意：我们采访了老师，拍下了学校生活的方方面面。此处表并列顺承，应使用并列连词and。故or改为and。‎ ‎6．考查连词。根据语境，此处指“之后的编辑工作很艰难。”故before改为after。‎ ‎7．考查时态。根据语境，此处描述的过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故are改为were。‎ ‎8．考查形容词。固定搭配：turn out (to be)＋adj.“结果是怎么样的”。故perfectly改为perfect。‎ ‎9．考查过去分词。句意：几天后，当视频在毕业典礼上播放时，反响很好。此处应使用过去分词，构成被动语态。故playing改为played。‎ ‎10．考查动词。句意：这无疑给了我们很大的成就感。固定搭配：give sb.sth.“给某人某物”。去掉give后的to。‎