高中英语Theme parks-Learning about Language同步学案

高中英语Theme parks-Learning about Language同步学案

Period Two　Learning about Language 构词法 在英语中，构词法主要有三种：合成，转化和派生。‎ 一、合成(compounding)‎ 由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符号“”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。常见的合成词由以下几种方式合成：‎ ‎1．合成名词 构成方式　　　　　　　　　例词 名词＋名词 salesgirl女售货员 ‎ chairman主席 名词＋动词 daybreak黎明 ‎ sunset日落 名词＋动名词 handwriting书法 名词＋及物动词＋er/or painkiller止痛药 ‎ bookseller书商 名词＋介词＋名词 editorinchief总编辑 ‎ fatherinlaw岳父；公公 动词＋名词 typewriter打字机 代词＋名词 shetiger母老虎 动名词＋名词 swimming pool游泳池 现在分词＋名词 flying fish飞鱼 形容词＋名词 greenhouse温室 副词＋动词 outbreak爆发 ‎ outcome后果 ‎ output出口 副词＋名词 outside外面 ‎2．合成形容词 名词＋形容词 snowwhite雪白的 名词＋现在分词 Chinesespeaking讲汉语的 ‎ maneating吃人的 名词＋to＋名词 doortodoor挨家挨户的 ‎ facetoface面对面的 名词＋过去分词 snowcovered被雪覆盖的 数词＋名词 oneway单行的 ‎ fivestar五星级的 数词＋名词＋ed threelegged三条腿的 ‎ 10storeyed/10storied十层(楼)的 数词＋名词单数＋形容词 twoyearold两岁的 动词＋副词 seethrough透明的 形容词＋名词 superman超人 形容词＋名词＋ed kindhearted善良的；仁慈的 形容词＋形容词 light blue浅蓝色的 ‎ dark blue深蓝色的 形容词＋现在分词 ordinarylooking相貌平平的 副词＋形容词 evergreen常青的 ‎ easygoing易相处的 副词＋现在分词 hardworking勤劳的 副词＋过去分词 wellknown著名的 副词＋名词 fast food ‎ 专门提供快餐服务的 介词＋名词 downtown城市商业区的 ‎3．合成动词 名词＋动词 sleepwalk梦游 形容词＋动词 whitewash石灰水，白涂料 副词＋动词 overburden使负担过重 ‎ overcome克服 ‎4．合成副词 形容词＋名词 hotfoot匆忙地 ‎ anyway无论如何 形容词＋副词 anywhere无论何处 ‎ anyhow无论如何 副词＋副词 however尽管如此 介词＋名词 overhead在头顶上 介词＋副词 forever永远 ‎5．合成代词 代词宾格＋self/selves himself/themselves 形容词性物主代词＋self/selves ‎ myself/ourselves 形容词＋名词 nothing没有东西 ‎6．合成介词 副词＋名词 outside在……外面 介词＋副词 without没有 ‎ within在……之内 副词＋介词 into进入 二、转化(conversion)‎ 将一个单词由某种词类转化为另一词类或几种词类，这种构词法叫转化。单词转化后的意义往往与未转化前的意义有密切的联系。‎ ‎1．名词和动词之间的转化 telephone电话→→打电话 drink喝→饮料 watch手表→观看，注视 rain雨→下雨 另外，还有book，date，hand，fish，milk，name，nurse，ship，swim，water等。‎ ‎2．形容词转化为动词 slow慢→减速 better较好的→改善 close紧密的→关闭 perfect完美的→使完善 ‎3．名词转化为形容词/副词 downtown市中心，城镇商业中心→位于闹市区的(adj.)；向(在)城镇商业中心区(adv.)‎ ‎4．形容词转化为名词 chief主要的→首领 light轻的→光线 ‎5．动词转化为名词 take a walk散步 have a try试试 cover n．盖子，封面；v.覆盖 ‎6．其他词类转化为名词 Medicine is a must for the flooded area.必需品 His life is full of ups_and_downs.曲折，波折 三、派生(derivation)‎ 由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。‎ ‎1．前缀 除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词性，而不引起词义的变化。‎ ‎(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis，il，im，in，ir，mis，non，un等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常常构成与该词意义相反的新词。‎ appear出现→disappear消失 cover盖→uncover揭去覆盖物/discover揭露 correct正确的→incorrect不正确的 proper恰当的→improper不恰当的 lead带领→mislead领错 understand 理解→misunderstand误解 ‎(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a(多构成表语形容词)，anti(反对；抵抗)，auto(自动)，co(共同)，en(使)，inter(互相)，re(再；又)，sub(下面的；次；小)，tele(强调距离)等。‎ alone单独的　　　　　　　　antigas防毒气的 autochart自动图表 cooperate合作 enlarge扩大 international国际的 rewrite改写，重写 subway地铁 television电视 multicultural多文化的 ‎2．后缀 ‎able　　　accept接受　　　　　acceptable可接受的 ‎al arrive到达 arrival到达 ‎er swim游泳 swimmer游泳者 ‎or act表演 actor(男)演员 ‎ress act表演 actress(女)演员 ‎ist chemistry化学 chemist化学家 ‎ art艺术 artist艺术家 ‎ian Russia俄国，俄罗斯 ‎ Russian俄国人，俄罗斯人 ‎ism capital资本 capitalism资本主义 ‎ ideal理想 idealism理想主义 ‎ment move运动，移动 movement运动 ‎ness happy高兴的 happiness高兴 ‎tion/ act行动 action动作 ‎ation pronounce发音 pronunciation发音 ‎ship scholar学者 scholarship学者身份；奖学金 ‎ce important重要的 importance重要性 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Our team won the championship in the basketball tournaments (联赛)．‎ ‎2．The garden city attracts many tourists.‎ ‎3．The school athletic meeting is to be held next Tuesday.‎ ‎4．We soon saw the impossibility (不可能)of reaching the city before midnight.‎ ‎5．They were the earliest settlers (定居者)in America.‎ ‎6．The town was destroyed by the earthquake (地震)．‎ ‎7．You’d better spend your time on some worthwhile (值得的)reading.‎ ‎8．They prepared (准备)themselves for the worst.‎ ‎9．His room was in disorder (混乱)．‎ ‎10．You mustn’t overwork (工作过度)yourself.‎ Ⅱ.用括号中单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．They have succeeded in sending the satellite into space.(success)‎ ‎2．The adventurer(冒险者)gave a friendly smile to all those who came to greet him.(friend)‎ ‎3．You must do the exercises carefully.(care)‎ ‎4．It will be difficult to drive a motor car through such a storm.(difficulty)‎ ‎5．English is widely used in the world.(wide)‎ ‎6．The boy showed great bravery in fighting the enemy.(brave)‎ ‎7．He was so kind that he gave me many storybooks.(kindness)‎ ‎8．The book had been sold out when I got to the bookstore.(sale)‎ ‎9．The Frenchman went to a chemist shop to get some medicine for his cough.(chemical)‎ ‎10．The book is very interesting.I am interested in it.(interest)‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．Two_Englishmen_and_three_Germans (两个英国人和三个德国人)attended the meeting.‎ ‎2．In Britain letter_boxes (信箱)are all painted red.‎ ‎3．He found a lot of passersby (过路人)were grownups (成年人)．‎ ‎4．She is the only one among women_writers (女作家中)who writes (写)stories for children.‎ ‎5．My sister has two toothbrushes (牙刷)．‎ ‎6．We have two iron_works (铁厂)in our town and a new chemical_works (化工厂)is to open soon.‎ ‎7．She broke a wine_glass (酒杯)while washing up.‎ ‎8．Twoninths ()of the students in our class are from the north.‎ ‎9．I have to write a twothousandword_composition (2 000字的作文)every other week.‎ ‎10．The man is the only survivor (幸存者)of the car accident.‎ Ⅳ.根据构词法，猜测下列各题中划线单词的最佳含义　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．He has invented a sunpowered car which is very friendly to the environment.‎ A．以太阳能为动力的 B．白天开的 C．明亮的 D．像太阳的 答案　A ‎2．I have rented a house in the city center，and my landlady is very kind to me.‎ A．姑娘 B．妻子 C．女上司 D．女房东 答案　D ‎3．She is a very shortsighted girl and she can’t consider the interest of the future at all.‎ A．近视眼的 B．目光短浅的 C．睫毛短的 D．小眼睛的 答案　B ‎4．This dictionary is of great use.I think spending five yuan on it is very costeffective.‎ A．明智的 B．聪明的 C．划算的 D．合理的 答案　C ‎5．Don’t do it until the last moment.You should do it beforehand.‎ A．以前 B．用左手 C．用右手 D．事先 答案　D ‎6．Perhaps she can’t be admitted into a medical university because she is colorblind.‎ A．色盲的 B．瞎的 C．色弱的 D．成绩差的 答案　A ‎7．If you are still having a headache，take this_painkiller.‎ A．杀虫剂 B．止痛药 C．安眠药 D．晕车药 答案　B ‎8．As we all know，most glass is usually seethrough.‎ A．看得见的 B．明亮的 C．光明的 D．透明的 答案　D ‎9．This is an evergreen tree.I like it very much.‎ A．绿的 B．曾经绿的 C．常青的 D．漂亮的 答案　C ‎10．You are absentminded again.Please listen to the teacher carefully.‎ A．心不在焉的 B．缺席的 C．空虚的 D．昏昏欲睡的 答案　A Ⅴ.单项填空 ‎1．The early ________ of Australia lived on the east coast of the continent.‎ A．settlers B．performers C．translators D．divers 答案　A 解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意为：澳大利亚的早期移民定居在大陆的东海岸。settler移民者，符合题意。performer表演者；translator翻译者；diver潜水者。‎ ‎2．I haven’t heard from Sam for a long time.Have you seen him ________？‎ A．latest B．lately C．later D．latter 答案　B 解析　考查词义辨析。latest adj.最新的；lately adv.最近；later adv.以后；latter n．后者。从问句中的现在完成时看出只能用时间副词lately，因为它常用于现在完成时。‎ ‎3．________，Tom met his girlfriend and talked about ________ problems.‎ A．Everyday；everyday B．Every day；every day C．Everyday；every day D．Every day；everyday 答案　D 解析　考查近义词辨析。every day每天，作状语；everyday adj.日常的，作定语。两个空结合起来，只有D项符合。‎ ‎4．Word came ________ China’s first spacewalk was a great success.‎ A．that B．what C．which D．when 答案　A 解析　考查同位语从句。句意为：有消息传来，中国首次太空行走是一个极大的成功。that引导同位语从句，在从句中不担当成分，只起连接作用，但不可省略。‎ ‎5．I got a lot of ________ from looking at these pictures in the museum.‎ A．satisfaction B．satisfy C．satisfying D．satisfied 答案　A 解析　考查词性。A项是名词；B项是动词；C、D两项是形容词。a lot of修饰名词，只能选A项。‎ ‎6．You must put your heart into your studies.Don’t be ________ in class.‎ A．absentmind B．absentminding C．absentminded D．absenceminded 答案　C 解析　考查“形容词＋名词＋ed”构成的合成形容词，如nobleminded高尚的，goodtempered脾气好的，故选C项，意思是“心不在焉的”。‎ ‎7．The employees haven’t been paid ________ since the new manager took over this company last month.‎ A．regularly B．normally C．absolutely D．ordinarily 答案　A 解析　句意为：自从上个月新经理接管了这个公司，雇员们就没按时被付薪。regularly有规律地；normally正常地；absolutely绝对地；ordinarily普通地。‎ ‎8．Mr.Smith used to smoke ________ but he has given it up.‎ A．seriously B．heavily C．badly D．hardly 答案　B 解析　句意为：史密斯先生以前吸烟很猛(大量吸烟)，但是现在他戒烟了。heavily重地，沉闷地，(吸烟、喝酒等)猛烈地，大量地；seriously严肃地，认真地，严重地；badly糟糕地，差劲地；hardly几乎不。根据词义选B。‎ ‎9．Every new type of plane must be given a(n) ________ before it is put into use.‎ A．examination B．test C．check D．experiment 答案　B 解析　examination(知识、能力的)考试，检查，审查；check核对、检查(看是否正确)；experiment实验、试验；test检验，测试(看其是否达到要求等)。句意为：每种新型飞机在投入使用之前都必须经过各种测试(看其各部件的安全性及性能等是否达到要求)。这种测试用test。‎ ‎10．He bought a lot of ________ yesterday for his children’s new ________.‎ A．cloth；clothes B．cloths；clothes C．clothes；clothing D．clothes；cloth 答案　A 解析　句意为：他昨天买了许多布，给他的孩子们做新衣服。布料cloth，不可数。clothes衣服。‎ Ⅵ.阅读理解 Everglades‎ ‎National Park‎ is the most endangered national park in America.The purpose of making a national park is to protect the plants and animals that live there.But things that happen outside the park also affect the life within it.‎ Everglades National Park is part of a much larger area known as the Everglades.At one time，water flowed freely in the Everglades.During the rainy season，water would fill the Kissimmee River.Then it flowed into Lake Okeechobee.Once the lake became full，water spilled over onto the flatland.From there a shallow sheet of water moved slowly down the Florida Peninsula.Then it emptied into Florida Bay.This shallow sheet of water was the Everglades River.It was only a few inches deep in some spots.But it was up to 50 miles wide and over 100 miles long.‎ The Everglades is home to many plants and animals found nowhere else in the world.Today，some of these plants and animals are in danger of disappearing forever.‎ The main reason is that the Everglades is no longer a freeflowing river.Canals have been built to drain(排干) most of the shallow river.People have also built a dam to hold back water from Lake Okeechobee.Most of the water from the Everglades is trapped in manmade lakes.Cutting off the flow of water into Everglades National Park has done more harm than good.Now it threatens the wildlife in the park.‎ Water pollution is another reason why some plants and animals are disappearing.Years ago，large areas of the Everglades were drained and turned into farmland.Today the fertilizers(肥料) used on crops are polluting the water.The “river_of_grass” is slowly disappearing.Many kinds of plants are disappearing.Animals that depend on these plants for food no longer have anything to eat.‎ The problems facing Everglades National Park are very serious.But there is still hope.Work is already under way to save the Everglades.The federal government，the state of Florida，and several other groups are all working together to try to undo the damage.‎ ‎1．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．A Park in Danger B．Rare Plants and Animals C．Following the River D．Canals，Dams and Lakes 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了濒危的大沼泽国家公园，文章第一句便点明了主题。‎ ‎2．What is the main problem in the Everglades?‎ A．The rainy season is too short.‎ B．There are too many plants and animals.‎ C．Water is no longer allowed to flow freely.‎ D．Water spills out of Lake Okeechobee.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第四段中的“The main reason is that the Everglades is no longer a freeflowing river.”可知选C项。‎ ‎3．The underlined part “river of grass” refers to ________.‎ A．the Kissimmee River B．the ‎Everglades C．Lake Okeechobee D．‎Florida‎ ‎Bay 答案　B 解析　细节判断题。上文提到几年前大沼泽的大部分地区被排干，变成了农田。如今，庄稼使用的肥料正在污染河流，“river of grass”正在慢慢消失。由此可以判断，river of grass(青草的河流)指的是the Everglades。‎ ‎4．What’s the author’s attitude towards Everglades‎ ‎National Park?‎ A．Pleased and optimistic. B．Anxious and desperate.‎ C．Curious but confused. D．Worried but hopeful.‎ 答案　D 解析　作者态度题。由文章最后一段可知，大沼泽国家公园的问题很严重，但是仍然有希望，拯救大沼泽的工作已经开始。由此可以判断作者的态度：担忧，但是仍充满希望。‎ Ⅶ.阅读填空 There is one thing that everyone wants more than anything else.__1__They think that when they have enough money to buy such things as houses, farms, and cars, they will have the one thing that everyone wants.‎ Other people believe that if they know enough they will find this thing.__2__Still others think that if they have power, they will find this thing.Some people keep telling themselves: “When I am a boss, I will no longer have to search for this thing.”‎ What is it that everyone wants more than anything else? What is it that all of us keep working and striving for(奋斗)each day? __3__‎ Happiness is a strange thing.__4__ What will make one man happy may not make another man happy.Some men say that happiness comes from helping others; other men say that happiness comes from making life more pleasant for everyone.What do you mean when you say “That makes me happy.”？‎ ‎__5__ Perhaps you will learn something that will bring you peace of mind, comfort, money or it may be what you search for—happiness.‎ A．Happiness means the same to everyone.‎ B．Read what different people have said about happiness.‎ C．They study all their life in search of it.‎ D．When one man feels happy, another man will feel sad.‎ E．Some people try to get it by making money.‎ F．It does not mean the same to all men.‎ G．It is happiness.‎ 答案　1.E　2.C　3.G　4.F　5.B