专题07+史地常识类（真题训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题07+史地常识类（真题训练）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题07 史地常识类 真题训练 Passage2（2017年·浙江卷）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 意大利的移民史 ‎★★★★☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and elderly, but in order to stay she’s had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.‎ Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.‎ Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合). Others say it’s only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.‎ Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.‎ Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.‎ Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help ‎ her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.‎ Italians always ＂see me as a foreigner,＂ an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.‎ ‎28. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?‎ A. To continue to stay in Italy. ‎ B. To teach her children Italian.‎ C. To find a better job in Italy. ‎ D. To better mix with the Italians.‎ ‎29. Some people worry that the new language requirement may ________.‎ A. reduce Italy’s population quickly ‎ B. cause conflicts among people C. lead to financial difficulties ‎ D. put pressure on schools ‎30. What do we know about Cojochru?‎ A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.‎ B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.‎ C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.‎ D. She wishes to go back to her home country.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文属于历史与地理等紧密结合的文章。首先叙述了一个叫Svetlana Cojochru的摩尔多瓦人移民 到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来人进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cojochru的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。‎ ‎29.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的＂such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration＂可知一些人担心对语言水平的要求可能会引起人与人之间的不包容，即冲突，故选B。‎ ‎30.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的＂even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently＂可知Cojochru的意大利语已经说的得很流利了，故选C。‎ Passage2（2016年·四川卷）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 法国的圭亚那人 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎16分钟 ‎ In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of ＂lawlessness＂ in the world.‎ The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.‎ ‎＂I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,＂ says Gin. ＂I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land.‎ ‎ But rather I see it as an area of freedom.＂‎ ‎＂I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,＂ continues Gin. ＂I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.＂‎ His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.‎ ‎28. Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?‎ ‎ A. They seldom follow the French law.‎ ‎ B. They often ignore the Guianese law.‎ C. They are separated from the modern world.‎ ‎ D. They are both Guianese and French citizens.‎ ‎29.Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _________.‎ A. a tour guide B. a geographer C. a film director D. a photographer ‎30. What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?‎ A. Cautious. B. Doubtful.‎ C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative.‎ ‎31.What does the underlined word ＂it＂ in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. The modern French lifestyle. B. The self-supporting hunting.‎ C. The uncivilized hunting. D. The French Republic.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文通过一个摄影记者向人们展示了法国的圭亚那人，和现代法国的生活风格给他们带来的影响。‎ ‎28.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.（令人吃惊的是，这些人主要遵守他们自己的法律和社会风俗生活。）可知A项符合题意。‎ ‎30.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句＂I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,＂ （我对法国圭亚那人有一个特殊的爱。我在那里工作了将近十年了。）可知他对圭亚那人是心存感激的，故选D。‎ ‎31A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句中the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic可知后面的定语从句中it指现代法国的生活风格。故选A。‎ Passage3（2015年·新课标卷II）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 伦敦一日游 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5 分钟 Choose your oneday tours!‎ Tour A—Bath & Stonehenge including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge—￡ 37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.‎ Visit the city with over 2，000 years of history and Bath Abbey，the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum.Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5，000 years.‎ Tour B—Oxford & Stratford including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's house— ￡ 32 until 12 March and ￡ 36 thereafter.‎ Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges. Look over the “city of dreaming spires(尖顶)” from St Mary's Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.‎ Tour C—Windsor Castle & Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace—￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.‎ Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Ⅷ's favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫) where it is easy to get lost!‎ Tour D—Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great—￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.‎ Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.‎ ‎33.Which tour will you choose if you want to see England's oldest university city?‎ A. Tour A. B. Tour B. ‎ C. Tour C. D. Tour D. ‎ ‎34.Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?‎ A. Windsor Castle & Hampton Court.‎ B. Oxford & Stratford.‎ C. Bath &Stonehenge.‎ D. Cambridge.‎ ‎35.Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?‎ A. It used to be the home of royal families.‎ B. It used to be a wellknown maze.‎ C. It is the oldest palace in Britain.‎ D. It is a worldfamous castle. ‎ ‎【话题解读】 本文主要介绍了在伦敦进行一日游的四种安排，包括线路、时间、费用以及旅游途中的景点，是否有导游陪伴讲解等内容。‎ ‎33. B　【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的see England's oldest university city，再根据Tour B中Oxford部分的“Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges.”可知B项正确。‎ ‎35. A　【解析】细节理解题。根据Tour C中的“Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen.”可知，汉普顿宫曾经是四个国王和一个王后的宫殿，因此成了主要的旅游景点。故A项正确。‎ Passage4（2014年·湖北卷）‎ 题型 体裁 话题 难度 建议时间 阅读理解 说明文 ‎ 伦敦地标性建筑 ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎5 分钟 London's newest skyscraper(摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.‎ The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he began designing the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall building that looked like a spire(尖顶). He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building aren't regular. So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard. Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London or the tall masts(桅杆)of the ships that were once on the river Thames.‎ The Shard has 87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building is empty, but eventually there will be a five-star hotel. There will also be top quality restaurants, apartments and offices.‎ Before building work began, a lot of people didn't want the Shard though the plans were approved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper might be good in a city like New York, but not in London. They say that the best thing about the Shard is its spire shape. But that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. The Egyptians did that 4,500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for London. It destroys the beauty of the city.‎ Other critics don't like what the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard shows how London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among the poorest in London. So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.‎ The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinary London citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.‎ ‎1.London's newest skyscraper is called the Shard because of _________.‎ A. its cost B. its size ‎ C. its shape D. its height ‎2.When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to_________.‎ A. change London's skyline B. inherit London's tradition C. imitate the Egyptian style D. attract potential visitors ‎3.The critics who refer to social division think the Shard_________.‎ A.is only preferred by the rich ‎ B.is intended for wealthy people C.is far away from the poor area ‎ D.is popular only with Londoners ‎4.Which would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps ‎ B. The Shard: Work of a Great Architect C. The Shard: New Symbol of London? ‎ D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?‎ ‎【话题解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了英国伦敦的地标性建筑:310米高的欧洲第一高楼"碎片大厦"。有人说这栋摩天大楼使伦敦看起来更漂亮,但对这一建筑的批评也一直未曾停息。‎ ‎1.C 【解析】考查细节理解。第二段解释这座大楼的名字的由来：因为其外形像一块很薄很锋利的破玻璃(a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass),因此选C。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】考查细节理解。第二段谈到设计师的想法：因为这座大楼的尖顶外形是伦敦传统的一部分(part of a great London tradition)，因此选B。‎ ‎4.D 【解析】‎ 考查主旨大意。全文介绍的是英国伦敦的欧洲第一高楼"碎片大厦"。文章开头说这座摩天大楼的修建改变了伦敦的外观，后面说到人们对这座摩天大楼的批评意见，文章的最后一段也点明了主题,因此D项能概括本文的内容。‎