2020届二轮复习阅读七选五常用解题技法二：一序一忌看四点

2020届二轮复习阅读七选五常用解题技法二：一序一忌看四点

‎2020届二轮复习阅读七选五常用解题技法二：一序一忌看四点 上一讲我们学习了“二步解题法”，掌握了解答阅读七选五的关键是理清文章结构和句间逻辑。在考场上，我们不但要拼解题的准度，还要拼解题的速度，所以本讲我们给考生介绍一种快捷的解题技法——一序一忌看四点。‎ 一序：先看七、再读文，快捷准确有针对 关于做题顺序，是先读文段，还是先看七个选项，大多数人倾向于先读文段。但是，笔者还是建议先看七个选项，再读短文。先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常有三个位置：段首、段中、段尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征，有时有的选项本身表述就是错误的，可以直接从备选项中清除，以降低难度。‎ 一忌：“选一个、划一个”，这个方法不足取 解答阅读七选五题目最大的风险就是容易出现连环错！假如做题时，我们选一个，划掉一个，美其名曰：逐步缩小包围圈。方法虽妙，但倘若前面我们错选了一处，那么就会导致多处错选。‎ 因此我们做题时要特别忌讳“选出一个划掉一个”，以避免造成一错再错，产生连环错误，特别是那些句子结构相同、句意相近的选项更是需要我们三思而定。‎ 看四点：体裁、指代、连贯词，重复信息有价值 ‎1．看文段体裁，用好鲜明特征 从近年高考所选材料来看，其体裁基本是说明文和记叙文。说明文的特征是主题鲜明、层次清晰，语篇特征非常明晰。记叙文则以故事发展脉络为主线，为了有趣，常常会出现一些比较特别的记叙手法，因而会增加理解的难度。‎ ‎2．看代词指代，寻根还需溯源 英语是一门非常讲究简洁的语言，所以在篇章中代词的运用很多，用于指代上文已经提到过的人、物或者整个事件。追根溯源，找到指代与被替代关系，会大大加快我们解题的速度。‎ ‎[例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ节选)Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.__39__ It gives us a great feeling of peace.‎ B．So what are you waiting for?‎ C．Being in nature refreshes us.‎ D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.‎ E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?‎ ‎[分析]　空格前介绍了接近大自然、看绿色植物对病人的康复有益，空格后一句说“它给我们一种非常好的内心平和的感觉。”，由此可推断出空格后it应该指置身于大自然的好处，故选C项“置身于大自然使我们精神焕发。”符合语境。‎ ‎3．看上下连贯，捕捉文段脉络 上下连贯是好的篇章的特点，常常靠“起承转合”来实现。“起”就是开端，或提出主题或吸引读者关注主题；“承”‎ 就是承接上文加以申述；“转”就是转折，指出问题或困难；“合”则是给出解决问题的方法或建议。这些特征在说明文和议论文中尤为明显。‎ ‎[例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ节选)‎ Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?‎ We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.”__36__ According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.‎ ‎►E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?‎ ‎[分析]　空格前一句说我们都是听着人们说的“出去呼吸点儿新鲜空气”长大的，空格后一句说答案是肯定的。由此可判断E项“但是新鲜空气真的像你妈妈总说的那样对你有好处吗？”符合语境。‎ ‎4．看重复信息，把握内在联系 篇章是相对完整的一个语义体，自然而然会有很多割裂不开的内在联系。这些联系常常靠同义词、近义词、反义词或者借助词性的变化来重复体现，而这些重复信息的存在，又为我们提供了良好的解题契机。‎ ‎[例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ节选)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.__36__， there are several ways to handle things. Let's take a look at them now.‎ ‎►B.When you want to avoid interruptions at work ‎[分析]　本题上文有关键词“Interruptions”和“get work done”‎ ‎，和选项B中的“avoid interruptions”和“at work”属于同词复现，再结合下文“there are several ways to handle things”，便可迅速判定本题答案为B。‎ 以上介绍了阅读七选五快捷解题技法，下面结合实例看一下“一序一忌看四点”在解题中的具体应用。‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In an online class，developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.__36__While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise.Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance.‎ Do's ‎·__37__Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design，read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.‎ ‎·Participate in discussion forums (论坛)，blogs and other openended forums for dialogue.__38__Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.‎ Don'ts ‎·Don't share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need ‎ of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor.__39__‎ ‎·Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class.__40__When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.‎ A．That's what they are for.‎ B．Turn to an online instructor for help.‎ C．If more information is needed, they will ask.‎ D．Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.‎ E．Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners.‎ F．Everyone has taken a notsogreat class at one time or another.‎ G．Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.‎ ‎[方法运用]‎ ‎“一序”：读选项：七个选项的排列从最短句到最长句，呈梯形排列； B、D、F三项涵盖性强，具有主旨句的特点，故可优先考虑放到段首位置。‎ 读文章：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在选修网络课程时如何与授课老师建立健康有益的互动交流。这篇文章视角独特，倡导积极和谐的人际关系和人文情怀。‎ ‎“一忌”：本文的难点在于选项中同一句式(祈使句)比较多，总共有三个，对于这类相同句式的出现，切忌“选一个、划掉一个”，这样极易造成“连环错”。‎ ‎“看四点”：答案解析过程。‎ ‎36．选E　空格前说，在网络课堂上，与授课老师建立健康的沟通模式是非常重要的，空格后说，虽然“我”每个只列出了两条，但显然还有许多其他情况可能发生。下面的段落紧接着介绍了沟通的注意事项——两“做”和两“不做”，因此E项“下面是在线学习者应该做和不应该做的一些常见事情。”符合语境。‎ ‎37．选G　空格后说，与课程内容相关的问题通常会受欢迎。在询问有关课程设计的问题之前，阅读教学大纲和学习管理系统信息，以确保答案不会隐藏在眼皮底下。由此可推知，此段表达要提出好的有水平的问题，故选G项“问问题，但要确保这些问题是好的、深思熟虑的问题。”。‎ ‎38．选A　空格前说，参加论坛、博客和其他开放式论坛来进行对话，空格后为参加论坛等的一些注意事项，A项“那就是它们的作用。”符合语境。‎ ‎39．选C　空格前交代，如果你需要延长最后期限，只需向授课老师解释一下情况，故C项“如果需要更多的信息，他们会询问。”符合语境。‎ ‎40．‎ 选F　空格前说，不要公开表达对授课老师或课程的不满，空格后提及，如果授课老师的专业水平或能力确实令人担忧，一定要使用在线课程评价来冷静地发表你的意见，因此F项“每个人都曾经有过不太好的上课经历。”符合语境。‎ ‎[课堂应用体验]‎ 运用“一序一忌看四点”解答下题 ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.__36__‎ The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.__37__We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.‎ I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness.__38__Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.‎ ‎__39__We have done a lot of it since.Recently, we bought a twentyeightfoot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a builtin TV set.There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a ‎ refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.‎ ‎__40__It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.‎ A．This time there was no tent.‎ B．Things are going to be improved.‎ C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.‎ D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.‎ E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.‎ F．After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.‎ G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.‎ ‎[方法运用]‎ ‎“一序”：读选项：七个选项排列从短到长，呈梯形排列；D项中的“however”一词应注意，此选项具有转折作用，有可能用于总结前文并引起下文。F项中的“After the trip”有“承接”作用，有可能用于引领下文的相关内容。‎ 读文章：本文是一篇记叙文，以主人公“我”的旅行及野营为主线索，讲述了“我”参与野营活动的经历。‎ ‎“一忌”：记叙文是比较灵活的一种呈现方式。本篇的重点是对事件发生时间顺序的把握。可以说是极易“错一时，而乱全局”，造成“连环错”。特别是选项中的A、C、G和E、F两组选项更具有较高的相似性。‎ ‎“看四点”：答案解析过程。‎ ‎36．选D　本句所处位置为段尾，常常用于总结前文，并引起下文。D选项中的“however”就起到了很好的转折作用，既照应了上文对于野营毫无兴趣的语境，又为下文态度的转变做出了安排。‎ ‎37．选C　后文“We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.”正是对于C选项中的关键词rough的最好诠释，对C项内容的承接和申述。‎ ‎38．选A　前句的代词“another”和选项A中的“This time”为重复信息，而下句的“Instead”又呈现了“转”的意义，与前文构成呼应关系。‎ ‎39．选F　选项E和F意义具有较高的相似性，试比较： “I have certainly come to enjoy camping”和“my family became quite interested in camping”。但F项中的“After the trip”就起到了很好的“承接”作用，而后文的所做之事又正好做了阐释，前后连贯自然。‎ ‎40．选E　此处位于最后一段的段首，应有总结全文之意。E选项中代词I再次出现，恰好重申了作者的身份，而E项既是对文章首段作者态度变化过程的一个总结，也很好地衔接了后文，形成了一个很好的文段结尾。‎