2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修4 unit 1

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：必修4 unit 1

‎●必修4●‎ ‎[话题素材——人物传记]‎ 好词 ‎1．diligent adj. 勤奋的 ‎2．distinguished adj. 杰出的；著名的 ‎3．achieve vt. 实现；取得；达到 ‎4．active adj. 积极的；活跃的 ‎5．considerate adj. 体贴的；周到的 ‎6．have_a_gift_for 有……天赋 ‎7．devote oneself to 献身于 ‎8．be interested in 对……感兴趣 ‎9．be_honored_as... 被誉为……‎ ‎10．with great determination and perseverance 凭着无比的决心和毅力 ‎11．make a great contribution to 对……作出贡献 ‎12．be enthusiastic about 对……热心 ‎13．be_satisfied_with 对……满意 ‎14．set sb. a good example 给某人树立好榜样 ‎15．go abroad for further studies 留学深造 佳句 ‎1．Famous_as_she_is,_she cares little for money and fame.‎ 虽然她很有名，但她却不计名利。‎ ‎2．Completely devoted_to_the_people,_he gave his life in saving his patients.‎ 他忠于人民，把毕生精力都用于挽救患者的生命。‎ ‎3．In_a_word,_Madame Curie is_regarded_as one of the greatest scientists, who is also the first scientist in the world to_win_two_Nobel_Prizes.‎ 总之，居里夫人被认为是最伟大的科学家之一，也是世界上首位获得两次诺贝尔奖的科学家。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ Born into a rich family in Shanghai, Song Qingling not only got a good education but also went to study in the USA. In 1915, she married Dr Sun Yatsen, who had a great influence on ‎ China.‎ Later, she was made an honorary president of the People's Republic of China. Being kindhearted and easygoing for her whole life, she devoted herself to the welfare of women and children in later years. She started the China Welfare Institute, which is intended to serve women and children now. What's more, she also led the Women's Federation and worked hard for civil rights, democracy and peace. Having made great contributions to the welfare of women and children in China, she is highly thought of by the world.‎ ‎ In a word, she is such a great woman that I think we all should learn from her.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．respect (vt.&n.) 尊敬；尊重；敬意 ‎2．support (n.&vt.) 支持；拥护 ‎3．campaign (n.) 运动；战役 (vi.) 作战；参加运动 ‎4．shade (n.) 荫；阴凉处 (vt.) 遮住光线 ‎5．emergency (n.) 突发事件；紧急情况 ‎6．outspoken (adj.) 直言的；坦诚的 ‎7．childhood (n.) 童年；幼年时代 ‎8．worthwhile (adj.) 值得的；值得做的→worth (adj.) 值；值得 (n.)价值→worthy (adj.) 值得的；值得尊敬的 ‎9．crowd (n.) 人群；观众(vt.)挤满；使拥挤→crowded (adj.) 拥挤的 ‎10．behave (v.) 举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviour (n.) 行为；举止；习性 ‎11．observe (vt.) 观察；观测；遵守→observation (n.) 观察；观测 ‎12．argue (v.) 讨论；辩论；争论→argument (n.) 争论；争辩；争吵 ‎13．intend (vt.) 计划；打算→intention (n.) 打算；目的；意图 ‎14．refer (vt.&vi.) 谈到；参考；查阅→reference (n.) 提及；涉及；参考；查阅 ‎15．organization (n.) 组织；机构；团体→organize (vt.)组织 ‎16．connection (n.) 连接；关系→connect (vt.) 联系→connected (adj.) 有联系的 ‎17．achievement (n.) 成就；功绩→achieve (vt.) 取得；实现 ‎18．entertainment (n.) 款待；娱乐→entertain (vt. & vi.) 使愉快；款待→entertained (adj.) 愉快的；高兴的→entertaining (adj.) 令人愉快的 ‎19．inspire (vt.) 鼓舞；激发；启示→inspired (adj.) 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的→inspiring (adj.) 鼓舞人心的→inspiration (n.) 鼓舞；灵感 ‎20．considerate (adj.) 考虑周到的→consider (v.) 考虑；认为→consideration (n.) 考虑；体谅→considering (prep.) 考虑到 ‎21．deliver (vt.) 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery (n.) 投递；交货；分娩 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．fight_for　　　　　　　　　为……而战 ‎2．crowd_in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海 ‎3．look_down_upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 ‎4．refer_to 查阅；参考；谈到 ‎5．come_across (偶然)遇见；碰见 ‎6．move_off 离开；起程；出发 ‎7．lead_a．..life 过着……的生活 ‎8．by_chance 碰巧；凑巧 ‎9．catch_one's_eye 引人注目 ‎10．carry_on 继续；坚持 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to_begin_her_project (使她得以开始自己的计划). (教材P2)‎ ‎2．once引导的条件状语从句；现在分词短语作伴随状语 Once_I_stop (一旦我停下来), it all comes crowding_in (涌上心头) and I remember the chimps in laboratories. (教材P2)‎ ‎3．it作形式主语的主语从句 Suddenly it_hit_me (我忽然想起) how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. (教材P6)‎ ‎4．It is/was... that/who... 强调句 Further reading made me realize that it_was_hard_work_and_determination_as_well_as_her_gentle_nature_that (是苦干和决心以及她温和的天性) got her into medical school. (教材P6)‎ ‎5．形容词短语作状语 There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired_after_a_day's_work (在劳累一天之后), went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. (教材P6)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．This means ________ (go) back to the place where we left the family ________ (sleep) in a tree the night before.‎ 答案：going; sleeping　第一空考查mean doing，意为“意味着做”；第二空考查分词作定语，sleep与family之间为主动关系。‎ ‎2．One important thing she discovered was ________ chimps hunt and eat meat.‎ 答案：that　考查表语从句。从句中不缺少主语和宾语，且不缺少语意，故填that。‎ ‎3．She spent years ________ (observe) and recording their daily activities.‎ 答案：observing　考查spend sometime in doing sth.。‎ ‎4．She had helped to set up special places ________ they can live safely.‎ 答案：where　考查定语从句。从句中不缺主语和宾语，且先行词表地点，故填where。‎ ‎5．________(follow) Jane's way of studying chimps, our group ________ (be) all going to ‎ visit them in the forest.‎ 答案：Following; are　第一空考查分词作状语，follow与our group之间为主动关系，故填following；第二空考查主谓一致，主语group强调的为个体，故用复数，时态为一般现在时。‎ ‎6．________(watch) a family of chimps wake up ________ (be) our first activity of the day.‎ 答案：Watching; is　第一空考查动名词作主语；第二空考查主谓一致，主语为动名词，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎7．By chance I came ________ an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, ________ specialist in women's diseases.‎ 答案：across; a　第一空考查固定短语come across，意为“偶然遇到”；第二空考查名词作同位语，对Lin Qiaozhi进行解释泛指“一位专家”，用不定冠词a。‎ ‎8．There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, ________ (tire) after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby.‎ 答案：tired　考查形容词作状语。修饰人时用ed形式的，说明人是“疲倦的”。‎ ‎9．I realized that the text ________ (intend) for women in the countryside.‎ 答案：was intended　考查时态和语态。be intended for意为“专门为……设计的”。‎ ‎10．It was still not ________ late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations.‎ 答案：too　考查“too...to...”结构，意为“太……而不能”。‎ ‎1　　behave　vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现 Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. (P2)‎ 简研究这些黑猩猩已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解它们的行为跟人类的是多么地相似。‎ ‎(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差 behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 ‎(2)wellbehaved 表现好的 badlybehaved 表现差的 ‎(3)behaviour/behavior n. 举止；行为 mind one's behaviour 注意某人的举止 ‎①[2015·浙江高考]Listening is thus an active, not a passive behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.‎ 因此，听是一种主动的，而不是被动的行为，它包含听、理解和记忆。‎ ‎②[2014·重庆高考]I don't think it a reasonable practice for them to_behave that way in our society.‎ 我认为在这个社会里他们用这种方式做事是不合情理的。‎ ‎③[2013·浙江高考]The students behaved_badly in the writer's classes because she didn't really understand them.‎ 学生们在作者的课上表现不好，是因为她无法真正地理解他们。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]I think all of us should mind_our_behavior in public places.‎ 我认为我们大家都应该注意我们在公共场所的行为举止。‎ ‎2　　observe　vt.观测；观察；遵守；庆祝 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. (P2)‎ 她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。‎ ‎ (1)observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程)‎ observe sb. doing sth. 观察到某人正在做某事 observe that... 观察……‎ ‎(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 observe Christmas 庆祝圣诞节 ‎①[2015·江苏高考]It is everybody's duty to observe_the_rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.‎ 遵守这些规则使社会有序并沿着正确的路线发展是每个公民的责任。‎ ‎②[2013·陕西高考]Fishkeeping is a widespread hobby and the keeper can observe_their_behaviour in the glass tank and study its entire life cycle.‎ 养鱼是一种广泛的爱好，养鱼人能够观察玻璃缸内鱼儿的活动，研究鱼儿整个的生命周期。‎ ‎③Earth Day was_first_observed in the US in the spring of 1970.‎ 人们第一次庆祝“地球日”是在1970年春天的美国。‎ ‎④Tom was observed stealing_something from the shop.‎ 汤姆被人看到从商店里偷东西。‎ 图解助记 ‎－名师点睛－‎ 在被动语态中，observe后充当补足语的不带to的动词不定式中的to要还原出来，即sb./sth. is observed to do sth.。‎ ‎3　　respect　vt.尊敬，尊重　n．敬意；方面 For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. (P2)‎ ‎40年来，简·古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。‎ ‎ (1)respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重某人 ‎(2)show/have respect for... 尊重……‎ give/send one's respect to sb. 向某人问候 out_of respect for sb. 出于对某人的尊敬 ‎(3)in respect of＝with_respect_to 就……而言；关于；至于 in the respect/in some respects 在这方面/在某些方面 ‎①[2014·江西高考改编]In addition, you should show_respect_for all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge.‎ 此外，你应该向无私帮助你获得许多知识的所有老师表示尊敬。‎ ‎②With_respect_to your other suggestions, I am not yet able to tell you our decision.‎ 谈到你的其他建议，我现在还无法把我们的决定告诉你。‎ ‎③She has always been honest with me, and I respect_her_for_that.‎ 她一直对我很诚实，我因此而尊重她。‎ ‎4　　argue　vi.& vt.讨论；辩论 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.(P2)‎ 她主张野生动物应该留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。‎ ‎ (1)argue for... 为……而争论；为……而辩护 argue against 争辩(反对……)‎ argue with sb. on/about/over sth.与某人争辩某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 argue that... 认为……‎ ‎(2)argument n．争论；争辩；论点 beyond argument无可辩解 ‎①[2015·陕西高考]But he argued_that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success.‎ 但是他认为这并不能证明父母的干涉是成功的根由。‎ ‎②[2014·安徽高考]I would argue_against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.‎ 我反对模仿以前的建筑风格，而要选择一些新颖不同的，即使这可能是较冒险的选择。‎ ‎③It's no use arguing_about_the_question_with_him for he won't change his opinion.‎ 关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变自己的观点的。‎ ‎④We tried many ways to argue_him_into_accepting our advice, but in vain.‎ 我们想尽许多方法去说服他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳地。‎ ‎5　　intend　vt.计划；打算 I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. (P6)‎ 我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。‎ ‎(1)intend to_do sth./doing sth. 打算做某事 intend sb._to_do_sth. 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth. 过去本打算做某事 ‎(2)be intended to do sth. 是用来做……的 be intended for 专为……而设计；专供……用 ‎(3)intend that...(should)do sth. 打算……‎ ‎①[2015·天津高考]But Oshbot, like other social robots, is_not_intended_to replace workers,‎ ‎ but to work alongside other employees.‎ 但是，Oshbot像其他社交机器人一样不是用来代替工人的，而是与其他职工一起工作的。‎ ‎②[2014·江苏高考]Say you intend_to_watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.‎ 假如你打算看一场足球赛，但票价很贵，并且你到体育馆走一个来回要两个小时。‎ ‎③They had_intended_to_go to the country for the day, but were put off by reports of traffic jams.‎ 他们本来打算那天到乡下去，但听说交通拥挤就推迟了。‎ ‎④[必背佳句]The school being built at present is said to_be_intended_for the disabled children.‎ 据说正在建设中的学校是专门给残疾儿童建立的。‎ ‎6　　deliver　vt.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)‎ There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.(P6)‎ 数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭常常不能给她报酬。‎ deliver sth.(to sb.) 投递/传送某物(给某人)‎ deliver a speech 发表演说 be delivered of a baby＝give birth to a baby 生孩子 deliver sb./sth. over to sb. 把……移交给某人 ‎①[2015·重庆高考]By the means of controlled release, I only need to deliver_books_to other participants, not only are books shared but it can build up a bridge.‎ 通过控制发行，我只需要把书传送给其他参与者手中，这不仅使书得到分享，同时也搭建起一座桥梁。‎ ‎②[2014·山东高考]Charlotte found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, in addition to delivering_all_the_babies in the area.‎ 夏洛蒂发现自己忙碌于给受伤的肢体做手术，固定折断的骨骼，而且还要在这个地区接生孩子。‎ ‎③The headmaster delivered_an_important_speech at the meeting yesterday which left a deep impression on his students.‎ 在昨天的会议上校长发表了一个重要演说，这给他的学生们留下了深刻的印象。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．He argued ________ smoking, and insisted that it was ________ argument that smoking was harmful to health.‎ 答案：against; beyond　考查固定短语。argue against意为“反对”；beyond argument意为“无可争辩”。‎ ‎2.The international agreement, ________ (intend) to encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February 27.‎ 答案：intended　考查分词作定语。根据“be intended to do”可知此处填过去分词。‎ ‎3．Police have so far failed to establish a ________ (connect) between the two murders.‎ 答案：connection　考查词形转换。由空前的a可知，此处应填名词。‎ ‎4．Last night Bruce was observed ________ (leave) the building with two young men and take a taxi away.‎ 答案：to leave　考查“observe sb. do sth.”结构的被动形式，需要把省去的to补出来。‎ ‎5．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Trust is a learned ________ (behave) that we gain from past experiences.‎ 答案：behavior/behaviour　考查词形转换。根据空前的a learned可知此处应填名词，两种拼写方式均正确。‎ ‎6．Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of ________ (entertain)．‎ 答案：entertainment　由of可知此处应填名词形式。句意：电脑已经取代电视成了最受我们欢迎的娱乐形式。‎ ‎7．He has decided to get a book at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________ (buy) it.‎ 答案：to buy　考查“it is worthwhile to do sth.”这一句式结构。‎ ‎8．Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable ________ (achieve) for one so young.‎ 答案：achievement　考查词形转换。由前面的a remarkable可知，此处应填名词。‎ ‎9．Do you want to get this book ________ (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?‎ 答案：delivered　考查分词作宾补的用法。即“get＋宾语＋宾补”，this book与deliver之间为被动关系，故填delivered。‎ ‎10．I ________ (intend) to take a holiday last year, but I wasn't able to get away.‎ 答案：had intended　考查动词时态。had intended表示“本打算做而未做的事情”。‎ ‎1　　look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起 Many people look down upon poor people.(P4)‎ 许多人瞧不起穷人。‎ look up to 尊敬；仰视 look forward to 盼望；期待 look into 调查；观察；窥视 look up 抬头看；查阅 look on/upon...as... 把……看作……‎ look out (for...) 注意；留意；留神(……)‎ look through 浏览；仔细查看 ‎①[2015·江苏高考]Athens was more and more looked_on_as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.‎ 雅典被更多地看作一个拥有巨大财富的合作性商业区，在此，所有的公民都有权力分享这些。‎ ‎②No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone looking_up_to you wishing they were that high.‎ 不管你多么低估自己，总有敬重你的人，并希望他们也那么高尚。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Meanwhile, I'm looking_forward_to hearing from you as soon as possible.‎ 同时，我期待尽快收到您的回信。‎ ‎④用look短语的适当形式填空 a．Terry, please ________ from your cellphone when Grandma is talking to you.‎ b．You're a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of the younger ones ________ you.‎ c．He happened to be ________ the medical book Gray's Anatomy at the time.‎ d．________ thieves when you stay there.‎ e．A working party has been set up to ________ the problem.‎ 答案：a.look up　b．look up to　c．looking through d．Look out for　e．look into 图解助记 ‎2　　refer to 查阅；参考；提及；指的是 ‎ If the word group refers to different members，use a plural verb. (P5)‎ 如果单词group指不同的成员，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎(1)refer to...as... 把……称作……‎ refer...to... 把……提交给……(以求获得帮助)‎ ‎(2)reference n．言及；提及；参考；查阅 in/with reference to关于 ‎①[2015·天津高考]If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is_referred_to the Student Court.‎ 如果在收到书面通知后一周时间内，没有清理宠物，该学生将被提交给学生会。‎ ‎②[2013·陕西高考]Power refers_to the amount of control a person has over other people.‎ 权力指一个人对其他人的控制程度。‎ ‎③The scientist referred_to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.‎ 这位科学家把这一发现看作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。‎ ‎④写出下列句中refer to的含义 a．If you don't know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.________‎ b．When giving the lecture, he referred to his note from time to time.________‎ c．You should refer this matter to our teacher for a decision.________‎ d．He is referred to as a living Lei Feng.________‎ 答案：a.查阅　b．参考　c．提交　d．被称作 易混辨析 refer to 作“查阅”讲，后接词典或参考书等词 look up 作“查阅”讲，后接被查找的东西 ‎⑤[一言辨异]When I meet new words I don't know, I often refer_to the dictionary. If you don't know a word, you can look it up in a dictionary, too.‎ 当我遇到一个我不知道的新词时，我经常查字典。如果你不认识一个词，你也可以在字典上查它。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 carry on; come across; refer to...as; look down upon; move off; by chance; take...into consideration; lead a good life; crowd in; have...in common ‎1．If you ________ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.‎ 答案：come across ‎2．An artist who was recently travelling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________ a long lost antique Greek Vase.‎ 答案：by chance ‎3．This typical sleep pattern is usually ________ the “night owl” schedule of sleep.‎ 答案：referred to as ‎4．The minute the shopping mall opens, the customers came ________.‎ 答案：crowding in ‎5．________ is the dream of many youngsters in the competive society.‎ 答案：Leading a good life ‎6．Some of the students have already learned enough English ________ a conversation with a native speaker.‎ 答案：to carry on ‎7．Poor and lazy, he is always ________ by others while he studied abroad.‎ 答案：looked down upon ‎8．The car stood at the traffic lights for a few moments, then ________.‎ 答案：moved off ‎9．I can't get on well with him, for we ________ nothing ________ with each other.‎ 答案：have; in common ‎10．Everything ________， they ought to have another chance.‎ 答案：taken into consideration ‎1　　Only_after_her_mother_came_to_help_her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to_ begin her project.(P2)‎ 她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。‎ ‎ (1)该句为“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装的用法。only置于句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。only置于句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用部分倒装语序，从句不用倒装语序。‎ ‎(2)含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never, not, not only, little, seldom, hardly, not until, neither, nor, no sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。需要注意的是，在no sooner...than...和hardly...when...引导的句子中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·天津高考]Only_when_Lily_walked into the office did_she_realize that she had left the contract at home.‎ 直到Lily走进办公室的时候，她才意识到把合同落在家里了。‎ ‎②Not only did_he_read_the_book,_but also he remembered what he had read.‎ 他不仅看了这本书，而且他还记住他所读的内容了。‎ ‎③Hardly_had_the_bell_rung when the students rushed out of the classroom.‎ 铃一响，学生们就冲出了教室。‎ ‎2　　Suddenly it_hit_me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. (P6)‎ 我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。‎ ‎ 句中使用了“It hit(s) me＋从句”结构，意思是“我突然想到……”，it在句中作形式主语。类似的结构还有：‎ It occurs to sb. that...(某人)突然想到……‎ It strikes sb. that... (某人)突然想到……‎ It happens that... 碰巧……‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·陕西高考]It_hit_me then: why, as a child, helping Dad clean his comb was such a pleasure.‎ 这使我想到为什么小时候帮父亲洗梳子是如此快乐的事情。‎ ‎②[2014·天津高考]It_didn't_occur_to_us_that walking was a hardship.‎ 我们从未想过步行会成为一种困难。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]It_struck_me that I was looking at a lot of wasted time and money.‎ 我忽然感到自己看到的是大量的时间和金钱被浪费。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)‎ ‎1．________when I left my brother to go to college did I realize how much I loved him.‎ 答案：Only　考查倒装句的用法。根据句子中“did I realize”可知此句为倒装句，因此空格处应为引出倒装的条件。‎ ‎2．________the rivers are polluted, it takes many years for the ecosystem in them to recover.‎ 答案：Once　考查连词用法。根据句意可知此处表示条件，意为“一旦……”。‎ ‎3．It is not when to do it but how to do it ________ is of great importance.‎ 答案：that　考查强调句型。强调的是句子的主语，且主语被“not...but...”连接。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．________， it's very difficult for you to get rid of it.‎ 一旦养成了坏习惯，你就很难改掉它。‎ 答案：Once you form a bad habit ‎2．________ that I should turn to my teacher for help.‎ 我突然想起我应该向老师求助。‎ 答案：It suddenly occurs to me/It suddenly hits/strikes me ‎3．Only after the war broke out ________.‎ 只有在战争爆发后，人们才意识到和平的重要性。‎ 答案：did people realize the importance of peace 主谓一致 概念：主谓一致是指英语中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。‎ 主谓一致的三个原则：主谓一致分为语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。‎ ‎1．语法一致原则 语法一致指的是主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。例如：‎ He likes watching TV while we like playing football.(like)‎ ‎2．意义一致原则 意义一致是指主语和谓语根据意思上的单、复数确定其一致关系。主语意义为复数，谓语用复数；主语意义是单数，谓语用单数。例如：‎ A new steel works is being built in my hometown now.(build)‎ No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. (find)‎ ‎3．就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词根据靠近它的主语确定其人称和数的形式，但as well as, rather than等连接主语时除外。例如：‎ Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it.(be)‎ The teacher as well as the students likes the painting.(like)‎ 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致 ‎1．通常用作复数的集合名词如，police，people, cattle等作主语时，谓语要用复数。‎ Be calm, the police are coming.(be)‎ ‎2．只用作单数的不可数集合名词如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information, equipment等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。‎ Much equipment is needed in our lab.(be)‎ ‎3．既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词如：‎ family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company，government，committee等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。‎ ‎①Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school.(be)(强调整体)‎ ‎②His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.(be)(强调个体)‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．[2015·湖南高考]It is important to remember that success ________ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ (take) years to achieve.‎ 答案：is; takes　考查主谓一致。两空的主语均是success且表抽象意义“成功”，故都应用单数形式。‎ ‎2．Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due ‎ tomorrow.‎ 答案：is　考查主谓一致。either...or连接主语，谓语遵循就近原则，故此处应看one of your students，又由后面的is可知应用一般现在时，所以用is。‎ ‎3．My family ________ (be) the largest one in our village.‎ Besides, my family ________ (be) all party members.‎ 答案：is；are　第一空family指整体，故谓语用单数；第二空family指个体成员，故谓语用复数。‎ ‎4．To learn one or two foreign languages ________ (be) very important nowadays.‎ 答案：is　不定式作主语，谓语用单数。‎ ‎5．The League Secretary and monitor ________ (ask) to make a speech at the meeting last week.‎ 答案：was asked　考查主谓一致和动词时态语态。“the＋n.＋and＋n.”作主语时，谓语用单数，且ask与主语之间为被动关系，根据last week可确定答案是was asked。‎