英语卷·2018届山西省太原市高三上学期阶段性（期中）考试英语试题（解析版）

英语卷·2018届山西省太原市高三上学期阶段性（期中）考试英语试题（解析版）

全*品*高*考*网， 用后离不了！‎ 山西省太原市2018届高三上学期阶段性（期中）考试 英语试题 第Ⅰ卷 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，答案写在答题卡上。‎ A Notice: Medical Alert(警报)‎ Dear Readers,‎ Medical related emergencies are on the rise with more old people living alone. More seniors are looking for an independent lifestyle and better quality of life. More than 1 in 3 people over the age of 64 will fall this year. Nearly half will not be able to get up without support.‎ Medical fees can escalate when a person is not given timely support. You can prevent a medical disaster with our 24-hour emergency response system. Our solution is highly suggested by doctors, healthcare professionals, and hospitals.‎ We are offering a FREE Medical Alert System to seniors or their loved ones who call now. For a limited time, there will be no set-up fees and the medical monitoring starts at less than $1 a day. The system is easy to use. The necklace pendant(挂坠) can travel with you. Our new system can detect falls automatically.‎ Call Toll-Free 1-800-360-0405 and gain peace of mind. There’s no long-term contract. Our medical alert professionals can walk you through everything over the phone.‎ The first 100 callers to order will receive:‎ Free Medical Alert System ($300 value).‎ ‎24 Hours a Day / 7 Days a Week LIVE Monitoring and Support.‎ Free Necklace Pendant.‎ No long-term Contract.‎ Free shipping (Mention Reader’s Digest).‎ Don’t wait until after a fall to give us a call. Take advantage of this special offer now to protect yourself or a loved one.‎ Call now Toll-Free 1-800-231-0167 and mention Reader’s Digest.‎ Sincerely,‎ Jim Nelson ‎1. Why are there an increasing number of medical related emergencies?‎ A. Old people’s quality of life is down at present B. The old are not paying attention to their health C. The overall health of the old is worse than before D. Many old people have no one to keep them company ‎2. What’s the main advantage of the system mentioned in the text?‎ A. Preventing falls B. Serving as an alarm C. Replacing doctors D. Improving health and mind ‎3. What benefit can the first 100 callers to order get?‎ A. Buy the system at $300 B. Get a copy of Reader’s Digest C. Have a pendant at a discount D. Get all-day monitoring and left ‎【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D ‎【解析】本文介绍Medical Alert(警报)系统。很多老年人没有人陪伴，文中提到的系统的优势是可以充当一个报警器。‎ ‎1. D 细节理解题。根据第一段Medical related emergencies are on the rise with more old people living alone.可知，很多老年人没有人陪伴。故选D。‎ ‎2. B 细节理解题。根据第三段中We are offering a FREE Medical Alert System to seniors or their loved ones who call now.文中提到的系统的优势是可以充当一个报警器。故选B。‎ ‎3. D ‎.................................‎ B The wedding tradition of “something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue” has been around for hundreds of years. The tradition of carrying or wearing one of each item is said to bring luck and fortune to the newly married couple. Have you ever stopped to think what the saying really means? What is its origin and what does each item represent?‎ The original saying dates back to the Victoria times and states, “something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue and a silver sixpence in your shoe.”‎ Something old A bride may wear or carry something old to represent her continued ties to her family and her old life. Many brides wear a piece of family jewelry as their old item. Some brides wear the wedding dress worn by their mother or grandmother. In many cases, something old may also be something borrowed.‎ Something new Wearing something new is supposed to represent success and hope in the bride’s new life and in her marriage. If the bride purchased her wedding dress new, it may represent her new item, but any item that is new may be used. Something “new” is usually the easiest kind to fill.‎ Something borrowed The borrowed item should be something borrowed from a friend that is happily married. It is said that their happiness will rub off on you and bring lasting happiness to your marriage. Some brides borrow an item of clothing, a piece of jewelry, a handkerchief or perhaps a beaded(带珠子的) purse.‎ Something blue Wearing something blue dates back to ancient times when a blue wedding dress was worn to represent purity, fidelity and love.‎ Silver sixpence Placing a silver sixpence in the bride’s left shoe is said to be a symbol of wealth. This not only refers to financial wealth, but also a wealth of happiness and joy throughout her married life. Since most brides probably don’t even know what a sixpence is, this part of the tradition is not used very often in modern times. However, if a bride would like to include it in her ‎ wedding, she can purchase a silver sixpence from many companies that sell bridal supplies such as garters(袜带) and invitations.‎ ‎4. Why does the first paragraph and with two questions?‎ A. To invite readers to answer them at once B. To show the importance of this tradition C. To have readers’ interest and attention D. To test readers’ knowledge about wedding ‎5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A. Something old might also be something borrowed actually B. The part of the tradition “silver sixpence” is never used now C. The borrowed item can be something borrowed from any friend D. Something new is usually the most difficult and expensive kind to fill ‎6. What can we infer from the passage?‎ A. No brides now are not familiar with the silver sixpence B. Every item represents something good for the new couple C. The bride will be more beautiful with all these five items D. Of the five items, something blue is the most important one ‎7. Which word can replace the underlined word “fidelity” in the sixth paragraph?‎ A. Success B. Wealth C. Loyalty D. Opportunity ‎【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C ‎【解析】本文介绍，“古老的、新的、借来的东西和蓝色的东西”的婚礼传统已经存在了几百年了。携带或佩戴每一件物品的传统据说是为了给新婚夫妇带来运气和幸运。每种东西对新婚夫妇来说都象征着好的事情。‎ ‎4. C 推理判断题。根据第一段中The tradition of carrying or wearing one of each item is said to bring luck and fortune to the newly married couple. Have you ever stopped to think what the saying really means? What is its origin and what does each item ‎ represent?可知，在第一段有两个问题是为了引起读者的兴趣和关注。故选C。‎ ‎5. A 细节理解题。根据第五段The borrowed item should be something borrowed from a friend that is happily married. It is said that their happiness will rub off on you and bring lasting happiness to your marriage可知，一些老的东西事实上也是要借的东西。故选A。‎ ‎6. B 细节理解题。根据第五段中It is said that their happiness will rub off on you and bring lasting happiness to your marriage. Some brides borrow an item of clothing, a piece of jewelry, a handkerchief or perhaps a beaded(带珠子的) purse.可知，每种东西对新婚夫妇来说都象征着好的事情。故选B。‎ ‎7. C 词义猜测题。根据第六段中Wearing something blue dates back to ancient times when a blue wedding dress was worn to represent purity, fidelity and love. 穿蓝色衣服可以追溯到古代，在那时一件蓝色的结婚礼服代表纯洁、忠诚和爱。可知划线词的意思是“忠诚”，故选C。‎ C Sometimes people call each other “scared-cat”. But have you ever thought about this expression? When a cat is frightened, its heart starts beating faster, its muscles get tense, and there are changes in the chemicals in its blood stream. Although the cat doesn't realize this, its body is getting ready for action. If the danger continues, the animal will do one of two things .It will protect itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.‎ Something like this also happens to people. When we are excited, angry or seared by other feelings, our bodies go through many physical changes. Our hearts beat faster, and our muscles get tense. All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves or run.‎ Human beings, however, have a problem that animals never face. If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble. Have you ever said something in anger or hit somebody and regretted it later? Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, ‎ or said you were in love, and then wished later you had kept your mouth shut? It isn't always clever to express your feelings freely.‎ Does this mean that it's smarter always to hide our feelings? No! If you keep feelings of anger, sadness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays tense. Physical illnesses can develop, and you can feel disturbed badly inside. It can actually be bad for your health. It isn’t good to keep pleasant feelings inside either; all feelings need to be expressed.‎ Feelings that you keep all bottled up inside, don't just go away. It's as if you bought some bananas and put them in a cupboard. You might not be able to see them, but before you'd smell them. And if you opened the cupboard, chances are that you’d see little fruit flies flying all over them. They are bad.‎ You can try to treat feelings as if they were bananas in the cupboard. You can hide them and you can pretend they don't exist, but they'll still be around. And at last you'll have to deal with them, just like those bananas.‎ ‎8. When people and animals are aroused by anger or fear, .‎ A. they feel very regretful immediately B. their muscles get neither tense nor relaxed C. their hearts beat either faster or slower D. they may get ready to attack or run away ‎9. Why do human beings get into trouble according to the passage?‎ A. They are usually not as alert as animals B. They sometimes can’t control their feelings C. They always do something wrong to other people D. They don’t pay attention to their physical changes ‎10. What can we infer from the passage?‎ A. Holding in your feelings may lead to unpleasant results B. Bananas stay fresh longer when they are in a cupboard C. Feelings will gradually disappear when you hold them in D. It’s good for your health to keep pleasant feelings inside ‎11. What is the purpose of this passage?‎ A. To tell us that people’s feelings are like bananas in a cupboard B. To give us some advice on how to express our feelings C. To help us deal with feelings in a wise and proper way D. To prove that it isn’t always wise to express our feelings freely ‎【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C ‎【解析】人有时不能控制自己的情感，所以就陷入困境。本文的目的是为了帮助我们用一种明智正确的方法来解决我们的情感问题。‎ ‎8. D 细节理解题。根据第一段中If the danger continues, the animal will do one of two things .It will protect itself, or it will run away as fast as it can.和第二段中All of these changes make us more alert and ready to react. We, too, get ready to defend ourselves or run.可知，当人们和动物被生气或恐惧唤起时，他们可能准备攻击或逃跑。故选D。‎ ‎9. B 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble.可知，人有时不能控制自己的情感，所以就陷入困境。故选B。‎ ‎10. A 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中If you keep feelings of anger, sadness hidden away or bottled up inside, your body stays tense. Physical illnesses can develop, and you can feel disturbed badly inside. It can actually be bad for your health.掌控住你的情感可能会导致不愉快的结果。故选A。‎ ‎11. C 目的意图题。根据倒数第三段It isn’t good to keep pleasant feelings inside either; all feelings need to be expressed.和最后一段You can try to treat feelings as if they were bananas in the cupboard. You can hide them and you can pretend they don't exist, but they'll still be around. And at last you'll have to deal with them, just like those bananas.本文的目的是为了帮助我们用一种明智正确的方法来解决我们的情感问题。故选C。‎ D Diamonds are considered the most famous and valuable jewel in the world. The precious stone for its great value is believed to be the symbol of wealth. Diamonds were made as a result of great volcanic beat and pressure. When a volcano is active, it sometimes explodes and causes great damage to the nearby towns.‎ However, at the same time of such a disaster, diamonds were pushed towards the surface of the earth by a number of great volcanic explosions millions of years ago. Thus, it may be very likely to find a diamond after a volcanic eruption. Besides, diamonds are also found among the sand and stones of certain river beds, and in a few places on the floor of the sea, for they were washed down the mountain sides by the rain.‎ Diamonds are very rare. There are not many places that produce such precious things in the world. During the last century adventurers from Europe went to Brazil, because they had heard that there were diamonds in the River Amazon. Many of these early diamond miners died of illness or were lost forever in the great forests. But some returned home rich.‎ The earliest known diamonds were found in India many centuries ago. The most recent and exciting discoveries have been made in eastern Russia. But most of the world's diamonds now come from the Congo, from Tanzania-which has the largest diamond mine in the world and also from South Africa.‎ ‎12. What do we know about diamonds according to the passage?‎ A. Diamonds are always accompanied by volcano eruptions B. Diamonds are created by volcano eruptions C. Diamonds are considered as a sign of wealth D. Diamonds could be always found in a few riverbanks ‎13. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a famous place producing diamonds?‎ A. Congo B. South Africa C. India D. Western Europe ‎14. What can we know from the third paragraph?‎ A. Diamond mining can be dangerous for the miners B. Brazil plays a more important role in diamond mining C. River Amazon has no large diamond mines nowadays D. Many miners returned home due to the risks in diamond mining ‎15. What does the underlined sentence mean in the lost paragraph?‎ A. Eastern Russia has been famous for diamond mining for a long time B. The diamond deposit in eastern Russia wasn’t discovered until recently C. Eastern Russia is not as important as African countries in diamond mining D. The eastern part of Russia will replace all African countries in diamond mining ‎【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B ‎【解析】钻石世界罕见，它被看作财富的象征。本文介绍了世界上生产钻石的地方以及它的开采情况。‎ ‎12. C 细节理解题。根据第一段的第一、二句Diamonds are considered the most famous and valuable jewel in the world. The precious stone for its great value is believed to be the symbol of wealth.可知，钻石被看作财富的象征。故选C。‎ ‎13. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中The earliest known diamonds were found in India many centuries ago. But most of the world's diamonds now come from the Congo, from Tanzania-which has the largest diamond mine in the world and also from South Africa.可知，作为生产钻石的著名地方Western Europe，文中没有提到，故选D。‎ ‎14. A 推理判断题。根据第三段中Many of these early diamond miners died of illness or were lost forever in the great forests.可知，钻石矿对矿工们来说可能是危险的。故选A。‎ ‎15. B 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中The most recent and exciting discoveries have been made in eastern Russia.根据recent and exciting可知，在俄罗斯东部有钻石矿，只是以前没被发现，在最近才被发现。故选B。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。答案写在答题卡上。‎ When high temperatures are around the country, some things also go up. Here are four things expected to rise along with our desire to stay indoors and best the heat.‎ ‎①Sales of goods that keep you cool.‎ Malls are high on the list of places where people often go for free air conditioning outside home in summer.___16___Goods related to keeping cool, like air conditioners, fans or sun care items, are very popular.‎ ‎②___17___‎ Pests like stink bugs(椿象) grow fast during summer heat waves, and many agriculture experts are expecting a repeat of last year’s incident that harmed fruit and crops, particularly on the East Coast.‎ ‎③Energy bills ‎___18___With all those air conditioners and fans working, it makes sense that energy bills will be higher than average.___19___“Not only are people going to have extremely high energy bills for July, it will also put increased stress on power plants, and we’re going to see more air pollution because of it,” says Angela Fritz.‎ ‎④Violence Heat waves may cause violence, right?‎ Not necessarily, says Richard Larrick, a researcher. He took a unique look at the relationship between violence and heat through baseball. Larrick and his research team examined 57,294 Major League Baseball games taking place between 1952 and 2017 and found that while heat may increase violence, there always has to be a motive. “___20___Instead, heat affects a specific form of violence,” he said.‎ A. Air pollution B. Pest population C. Rising heat is the expected response in any summer D. Heat does not directly lend to more violence in general E. More and more people are worried about their expenses F. As more energy is used, air-quality problems may occur G. So it’s not a surprise that some sales jump during heat waves.‎ ‎【答案】16. G 17. B ‎ ‎18. E 19. F ‎ ‎20. D ‎【解析】当高温遍及全国各地时，一些东西也上升。本文介绍有四件事会随着我们呆在室内的愿望而增加。‎ ‎16. G 根据上句：购物中心排名很高，在那里夏天人们常常到室外去免费空调。因此，在热浪中一些销售猛增并不令人意外。故选G。‎ ‎17. B 此空是小标题。根据下文叙述，可知在讲像椿象这样的害虫在夏天生长很快，和专家们的一些预测。可知B项 Pest population符合题意。关键词pest。‎ ‎18. E 根据下文：所有的空调和风扇都在工作，能源账单高于平均水平是有道理的。可知，越来越多的人担忧他们的开支。故选E。‎ ‎19. F 根据上句：所有的空调和风扇都在工作，能源账单高于平均水平是有道理的。由此可知，随着更多的能源被使用，空气质量问题可能发生。故选F。‎ ‎20. D 根据下文：相反，热影响是一种特定形式的暴力。 由此可知，一般来说，高温并不能直接导致更多的暴力。故选D。‎ 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每题2分，满分40分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选取可以填入空白处的最佳选项。答案写在答题卡上。‎ One day when I was 13, my family was working in the fields to clear away old brush when somehow the electric fence sparked(冒火星) and___21___a fire. We didn’t see the fire___22___it had blocked the way to the only gate. I___23___to jump over the fence to safety but the fire was all around us. I could only watch in___24___as the flames continued to ‎ rise. Little did I know that my father had once been a(an)___25___and knew what to do.___26___with only a pump sprayer, buckets, and his boots, he___27___down to the nearby pond, filled the buckets and the sprayer, and began spraying the___28___while my older brother threw water with the buckets. Soon the wind___29___, however, and with the Fire Department too far away to arrive in time, my father began to stomp(踩灭) out the flames as he moved to the___30___, so that my family was able to move inch by inch toward the gate.___31___he arrived at the gate, he jumped into the truck, rolled up the windows, and drove___32___the fire. Then the fire was put out, and my mother was looking at my father with her___33___eyes.‎ After that, my father began telling us about his days as a firelighter, and my brother and I became___34___, asking him what other jobs he had done before he___35___. Well, it turned out that he had done just about___36___except brain surgery!‎ He had been in the military as a carpenter, carpet layer, and electrician, and had built B2 bombers before being poisoned in an accident that had___37___him to retire. My father has a blood disorder as a result of that___38___, but that hasn’t stopped him form being a full-time electrician.‎ To all those people whose fathers have worked in the military and in other dangerous jobs, be___39___of them, and remember that some day their___40___might save your life.‎ ‎21. A. prevented B. permitted C. witnessed D. started ‎22. A. because B. unless C. after D. until ‎23. A. wanted B. managed C. promised D. happened ‎24. A. anger B. horror C. excitement D. embarrassment ‎25. A. carpenter B. electrician C. firefighter D. educator ‎26. A. Armed B. Satisfied C. Shared D. Identified ‎27. A. slid B. fell C. dashed D. walked ‎28. A. trees B. grass C. flames D. flowers ‎29. A. died off B. took on C. turned out D. picked up ‎30. A. fence B. truck C. furniture D. bucket ‎31. A. If B. Once C. Since D. While ‎32. A. through B. away C. over D. across ‎33. A. high B. wide C. fast D. far ‎34. A. curious B. suspicious C. concerned D. anxious ‎35. A. moved B. resigned C. retired D. suffered ‎36. A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything ‎37. A. allowed B. encouraged C. invited D. forced ‎38. A. fire B. accident C. attempt D. explanation ‎39. A. afraid B. proud C. careful D. ashamed ‎40. A. culture B. learning C. skills D. languages ‎【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. C ‎【解析】作者13岁时和家人在田地里清除灌木丛时，不知怎么的，电围网引起了火，父亲临危不惧扑灭大火救了全家。后来才知道原来父亲当过消防队员。对那些父亲在军队和其他危险地方工作过的人来说，都以他们而自豪，记得他们的技能有一天可能会挽救你的生命。‎ ‎21. D 考查动词。A. prevented假装； B. permitted 许可； C. witnessed目睹； D. started开始。不知怎么的，电围网引起了火。故选D。‎ ‎22. D 考查状语从句。A. because 因为； B. unless除非； C. after在---之后； D. until直到---为止。直到挡住通往唯一大门的路，我们才看到火。not---until直到---才，故选D。‎ ‎23. A 考查动词。A. wanted想要； B. managed管理，控制； C. promised 许诺； D. happened发生。我想爬过围墙到安全的地方，但火在我们周围。故选A。‎ ‎24. B 考查名词。A. anger 生气； B. horror惊骇； C. excitement 兴奋； D. ‎ embarrassment尴尬。根据上文but the fire was all around us可知，我只能惊骇地观看着，因为火继续上升。故选B。‎ ‎25. C 考查名词。A. carpenter 木匠； B. electrician电工；C. firefighter消防队员；D. educator教育家。我不知道父亲曾经是一名消防队员，知道要做什么。故选C。‎ ‎26. A 考查动词。A. Armed武装； B. Satisfied 使满意； C. Shared 分享； D. Identified鉴定。用仅有的一个喷雾器、水桶和靴子武装起来，他冲进附近的池塘。故选A。‎ ‎27. C 考查动词。A. slid 滑； B. fell掉下； C. dashed 猛冲； D. walked走路。用仅有的一个喷雾器、水桶和靴子武装起来，他冲进附近的池塘，用水填满水桶和喷雾器。故选C。‎ ‎28. C 考查名词。A. trees 树； B. grass草； C. flames 火焰； D. flowers花。他开始喷射火焰。故选C。‎ ‎29. D 考查动词词组。A. died off 一个一个地死去； B. took on承担； C. turned out 结果是； D. picked up捡起，偶然学到，加速。不久风加速。故选D。‎ ‎30. B 考查名词。A. fence 围墙； B. truck 卡车； C. furniture家具； D. bucket水桶。根据下文：he jumped into the truck可知，父亲开始踩灭火焰，因为他要向卡车移动。故选B。‎ ‎31. B 考查状语从句。A. If 如果； B. Once 一旦； C. Since既然； D. While尽管。一旦他到达大门口，他就跳进卡车，卷起窗户，开车穿过大火。故选B。‎ ‎32. A 考查介词。A. through 穿过； B. away 离开； C. over越过； D. across横穿。一旦他到达大门口，他就跳进卡车，卷起窗户，开车穿过大火。故选A。‎ ‎33. B 考查形容词。A. high高的； B. wide宽的； C. fast 快的； D. far远的。火被扑灭了，我的妈妈睁大眼睛看着父亲。故选B。‎ ‎34. A 考查形容词。A. curious 好奇的； . suspicious怀疑的；C. concerned关心的；D. anxious焦虑的。我的父给我们讲他当消防队员时的那些日子，我和哥哥都很好奇。故选A。‎ ‎35. C 考查动词。A. moved移动； B. resigned辞职； C. retired 退休； D. suffered遭受。我们问他退休前还做过什么其他工作。故选C。‎ ‎36. A 考查不定代词。A. everything 每件事情； B. nothing 什么也没有； C. something 某事； D. anything任何事情。他除了没做过脑外科手术，其他什么都做过。故选A。‎ ‎37. D 考查动词。A. allowed 允许； B. encouraged 鼓励； C. invited 邀请； D. forced强迫。一次事故中毒迫使他退休。故选D。‎ ‎38. B 考查名词。A. fire 火； B. accident 事故； C. attempt 企图； D. explanation解释。由于那次事故父亲血液紊乱。故选B。‎ ‎39. B 考查形容词。A. afraid 害怕； B. proud自豪； C. careful 细心的； D. ashamed害羞的。对那些父亲在军队和其他危险地方工作过的人，都以他们而自豪。故选B。‎ ‎40. C 考查名词。A. culture 文化； B. learning 学习； C. skills 技能； D. languages语言。记得他们的技能有一天可能会挽救你的生命。故选C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 做完形填空时要关注连词。此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况下，通过阅读能否理解句子 与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。结合上下文，在语境中找答案。本题第11小题，A. If 如果； B. Once 一旦； C. Since既然； D. While尽管。一旦他到达大门口，他就跳进卡车，卷起窗户，开车穿过大火。此处是once引导的条件状语从句，故选B。‎ 第II卷 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）‎ 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。答案写在答题卡上。‎ Marry of us wake up feeling___41___(tire) in the morning. Many of us ignore the problem as the day goes on,___42___(forget) that it might have a___43___(danger) effect. Society even glorifies “burning the candle at both ends” as___44___sign of our devotion to work and family.‎ Believe it___45___not, all this bad sleep has far-reaching consequences. We just do not give ourselves enough chances to sleep. A survey of over 74,000 people found 35 percent reported sleeping less than seven hours daily___46___average. Furthermore, the amount of sleep___47___(change) greatly over the past 15 years.‎ This lack of sleep can lead of many serious___48___(problem). One study found that___49___(simple) limiting yourself to six hours of sleep a night for two weeks had similar effects to staying up all night the night before,___50___could make you perform poorly on a timed attention task.‎ ‎【答案】41. tired ‎ ‎42. forgetting ‎ ‎43. dangerous ‎ ‎44. a 45. or ‎ ‎46. on 47. has changed ‎ ‎48. problems ‎ ‎49. simply 50. which ‎【解析】我们很多人在早上醒来感到累。人们容易忽视这种现象。其实这是睡 眠不足的原因。质量差的睡眠会有久远的影响。缺乏睡眠会导致很多严重的疾病。‎ ‎41. 句意：我们很多人在早上醒来感到累。feel tired感到累，可知答案为tired。‎ ‎42. 句意：忘记可能有一个危险的影响。动名词做主语，故答案为forgetting。注意双写最后一个辅音字母。‎ ‎43. 形容词修饰名词，答案为dangerous。‎ ‎44. 句意：作为我们对工作和家庭的一个忠诚的象征。可知答案为a。‎ ‎45. 固定搭配：Believe it or not信不信由你，可知答案为or。‎ ‎46. 固定词组：on average平均，故答案为on。‎ ‎47. 根据over the past 15 years可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是the amount of sleep，故答案为has changed。‎ ‎48. many修饰可数名词复数，故答案为problems。‎ ‎49. 副词修饰动词，故答案为simply。‎ ‎50. 前面整个句子做先行词，所以后面的非限制性定语从句用which引导。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 以e结尾的形容词变成副词时，有的直接加ly ；有的把e去掉再加ly.‎ ‎1.possible---possibly； simple---simply; gentle---gently; terrible---terribly; true---truly; flexible---flexibly ‎2.immediate--- immediately; brave---bravely; wise---wisely；active---actively 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Chinese is the world’s most widely spoken language. There are much different types of ‎ Chinese. For example, one type known as Mandarin, bad almost a billion speakers. Outside of China, Chinese in some form is spoken Chinese communities worldwide. The different kinds of Chinese language use a same script. While someone from the north of China may need the speech of someone from the south interpreted, but it is not usually necessary to have written documents translating. In the early twenty century, a government language policy created Modern Standard Chinese, that is now the official language of China. It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effectively communication.‎ ‎【答案】1.much→many 根据there are和types是复数名词可知，much修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词 ‎2.had→has 通篇是一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单三 ‎3.spoken后加by 根据翻译可知，句意表达被动含义，应用by ‎4.a→the 这是表示特指的，大家熟知的同样的稿本，the same表示同样的 ‎5.but去掉 while…but…不能连用，while引导状语从句，but连接并列句，两者不能同时使用 ‎6.translating→translated have sth done,表示某事被做，因此用translated ‎7.twenty→twentieth 表示世纪的词前要加序数词 ‎8.that→which 非限制性定语从句不能用that ‎9.language→languages 前面有one of +名词，名词要用复数形式 ‎10.effectively→effective 形容词修饰名词,effective修饰名词communication, effectively是副词 ‎【解析】1. 根据there are和types是复数名词可知，much修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词，故把much→many。‎ ‎2. 通篇是一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词用单三，故把had→has。‎ ‎3. 根据翻译可知，句意表达被动含义，应用by，故把spoken后加by。‎ ‎4. 这里表示特指，大家熟知的同样的稿本，the same表示同样的，故把a→the。‎ ‎5. while…but…不能连用，while引导状语从句，but连接并列句，两者不能同时使用，故把but去掉。‎ ‎6. have sth done,表示某事被做，因此用translated，故把translating→translated。‎ ‎7. 表示第---世纪的词前要加序数词，故把twenty→twentieth。‎ ‎8.非限制性定语从句不能用that，故把that→which。‎ ‎9. 前面有one of +名词，名词要用复数形式，故把language→languages。‎ ‎10. 形容词修饰名词,effective修饰名词communication, effectively是副词，故把effectively→effective。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 第二节 书面表达（25分）‎ ‎52. 为增进中美学生友谊并加深对彼此文化的理解，你校将与美国高中举办中美学生交流活动，现面向全校学生招募活动志愿者。假如你是李华，对此活动很感兴趣，请根据下列要点写一封自荐信。‎ 要点：1.活动的主题；‎ ‎2.自我介绍；‎ 要求：1.词数：100左右；‎ ‎2.可合理增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,‎ ‎ I’m Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I read the an noun cement that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it, thus I’d like to take part in it.‎ ‎ The activity aims to strengthen the friendship between Chinese and Ameri can students as well a s enhance the understanding of mutual culture, which is unquestionably not only entertaining but also instructive. I’m confident that I’m qualified for this position. On the one hand, I have a good command of English and have won several prizes in English contests. On the other hand, being an enthusiastic and outgoing person, I firmly believe that I can promote a better communication between us.‎ ‎ Should this application meet with your favorable consideration, I will do my utmost to my justify the confidence you response in me.‎ Your Sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】试题分析：为增进中美学生友谊并加深对彼此文化的理解，你校将与美国高中举办中美学生交流活动，现面向全校学生招募活动志愿者。你对此活动很感兴趣，请根据下列要点写一封自荐信。要点：活动的主题；自我介绍。本文是一篇应用文，试题只给出写作框架，并未给出所有的具体写作细节，为半开放性写作。写好此文，需注意三点：一是写信格式要准确，信的开头已经给出，但切要写好信的结尾。二是要详略得当，本文应重点写的是活动的主题和自我介绍。三要注意适当地增加细节，恰当地使用连接过渡词，以使行文连贯。另外，在写作时要注意时态、语态的合理运用。‎ ‎【亮点说明】‎ 本文是一篇自荐信，格式正确，内容紧扣主题，语句精炼，文中使用高级句子。I read the an nouncement that you have posted on the Internet句中that引导定语从句；which is unquestionably not only entertaining but also instructive.句中which引导非限制性定语从句，并使用not only---but also结构；being an enthusiastic and outgoing person, I firmly believe that I can promote a better communication between us.现在分词做原因状语；Should this application meet with your favorable consideration, I will do my utmost to my justify the confidence you response in me.把if省略should提到主语前面，表示“假如---”堪称经典；另外，thus，On the one hand, On the other hand, have a good command of等的运用使文章更显风采。‎