专题07 史地常识类（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题07 史地常识类（话题解读）-备战2018年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练

专题07史地常识类 ‎【话题解读】‎ ‎ 历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择。文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代；命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。‎ ‎＂历史与地理＂是高中英语课程标准话题之一，也是高考常考话题。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。通过＂历史与地理＂这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。 ‎ ‎【高考探究】‎ 近几年的高考英语中，＂历史与地理＂这个话题屡见不鲜。在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中，出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等，例如2016年浙江卷阅读理解C篇、2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2016年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2016年北京卷书面表达、2015年新课标卷I和2015年新课标卷II的语法填空等。‎ ‎【相关词汇】‎ Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎ ‎1. attackvt.进攻；袭击  ‎ ‎2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失踪 ‎ ‎3. escape vi.逃跑  ‎ ‎4. feedvt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供  ‎ ‎5. local adj.当地的→ locate vt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) → location n.地点；位置 ‎ ‎6. native adj.本地的；本国的 ‎ ‎7. raise vt.饲养；提高  ‎ ‎8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸 ‎ ‎9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭  ‎ ‎10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到 ‎ ‎11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓→ threat n.威胁 ‎ Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎ ‎12.abolish vt. 废除  ‎ ‎13.aggression n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的 ‎ ‎14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密  ‎ ‎15.distribute vt. 发放；分发→ distribution n.分配；配给 ‎ ‎16.drought n .干旱 ‎ ‎17.dynasty n .朝代  ‎ ‎18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发→ eruptionn.爆发  ‎ ‎19.frighten vt. 使惊恐→ frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的 ‎ ‎20.foggy adj. 有雾的→ fog n.雾  ‎ ‎21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的→ freezevi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→ frozen adj.结冰的，冷冻的 ‎ ‎22.geography n .地理  ‎ ‎23.historic adj. 历史的；有历史意义的→ history n.历史→ historical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的  ‎ ‎24.historical adj. 与历史有关的 ‎ ‎25.incident n .事变 ‎ ‎26.independence n .独立 ‎ ‎27.invade vt. 侵略 ‎ ‎28.monument n .纪念碑 ‎ ‎29.mountainous adj. 多山的 ‎ ‎30.occupy vt. 占领；使忙碌 ‎ ‎31.origin n .起源；由来 ‎ 32.religion n .宗教 ‎ ‎33.religious adj. 宗教的 ‎ ‎34.remote adj. 偏远的；偏僻的 ‎ 35.racial adj. 种族的 ‎ 36.revolution n .革命 ‎ ‎37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲 ‎ ‎38.shortage n .缺乏 ‎ 39.shower n .阵雨；淋浴  ‎ ‎40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给 ‎ 41.terrifyvt. 使恐怖  ‎ ‎42.urban adj. 城市的；都市的 ‎ ‎43.weapon n .武器   ‎ ‎【典例剖析】‎ You’ve flown halfway around the world; you’ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of; so what on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.‎ ‎ It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.‎ ‎ Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.‎ ‎ There’s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It’s what this place offers, and it’s free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.‎ ‎ It’s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you’d like to eat this evening. Before long he’s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered — every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.‎ ‎ There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm, clear blue sea. There’s no street noise.The only sounds are the murmurs of nature.‎ ‎ For now you just count your blessings(福祉), listing them in the sand with your toe(脚趾). You don’t have to worry about being late for work. You don’t have to do anything.‎ ‎ The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon(地平线), slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your left, now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you. Sand to your left and sand to your right; it’s unbroken, endless. No start, no end, just sand, sun, and peace. Step off it, and you re-enter the world of traffic, stress, work, and hurry.‎ ‎ Normally you’re the type who can’t sit still for more than ten minutes, but you’re on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and, in the right frame of mind, it stretches all the way around the world.‎ ‎ "How could it take me so long to find it?" you wonder.‎ ‎1. When the author first went to Huaplee Beach, 　　　.‎ ‎ A. he found it unworthwhile ‎ ‎ B. he failed to sort himself out ‎ C. he became sensitive to smell ‎ ‎ D. he had difficulty in finding it ‎2. What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?‎ ‎ A. No menu. B. Free food. ‎ ‎ C. Self service. D. Quick delivery.‎ ‎3. In the author’s opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he 　　　.‎ ‎ A. sits in a beach chair ‎ ‎ B. forgets his daily routine ‎ C. plans a detailed schedule ‎ ‎ D. draws pictures in the sand ‎4. What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?‎ ‎ A. He shouldn’t have counted his blessings.‎ ‎ B. He should have understood the wonder of nature.‎ ‎ C. He shouldn’t have spent so much time on the trip.‎ ‎ D. He should have come to the place earlier.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文介绍了泰国一个静谧的海滩。在这里，你可以享受沙滩、阳光和宁静；在这里，你可以忘掉职场上的疲惫。‎ ‎1. D【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章中的"flown halfway around the world""a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee"及"it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland"可知，选D。‎ ‎2. A【解析】考查细节理解。第五段说到作者在这里就餐的情况：你说要吃什么，厨师就去市场买，没有现成的菜单，一切都是新鲜的，按要求定做的，因此选A。‎ ‎4. D【解析】考查推理判断。通读文章内容可知，作者在文章结尾说"我怎么花了那么长时间才找到这里呢?" 不是表达"他不该数自己的福祉" "他应该早点了解大自然的神奇"或者"他不该在路途上花太多时间"的 意思。而表达的意思是D，即"他应该早点来这里"。‎ ‎ ‎