2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修8+unit+1

2017届高考英语（人教版）一轮教师文档讲义：选修8+unit+1

‎●选修8●‎ ‎ [话题素材——多元文化]‎ 好词 ‎1．race n. 种族 ‎2．racism n. 种族歧视 ‎3．expand vi. 扩展 ‎4．immigrant n. 移民 ‎5．religion n. 宗教 ‎6．as a whole 总体来说 ‎7．culture shock 文化冲击 ‎8．crowd into 涌入 ‎9．make a fortune 发财 ‎10．way of life 生活方式 ‎11．cultural symbols 文化标志 ‎12．settle down 定居 ‎13．cultural background 文化背景 ‎14．in the course of 在……期间；在……过程中 ‎15．make joint efforts 做出共同努力 佳句 ‎1．Race has_always_been_a_hot_button in this country's history.‎ 种族一直是这个国家历史上争论不休的问题。‎ ‎2．China and America are_abundant_in natural resources.‎ 中美两国拥有丰富的自然资源。‎ ‎3．The history of the early immigrants makes_us_thankful_for our life today.‎ 早期移民者的历史使我们感恩今天的生活。‎ ‎[精美语篇]‎ In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich attracted the Chinese. However, few achieved their dream. The majority still chose to remain in California to make a life despite great hardship. Their cells were cold and damp, but they had nowhere to go. Their miserable life seemed to be punishment rather than justice. They wrote poems to mourn their former life in China. In the meanwhile, they applied for right to live in the USA, but it was not until the civil authorities reformed the system that they were able to grasp the opportunity. ‎ The customs and languages live on in their new home.‎ Today, a large percentage of ChineseAmericans live in the Chinatowns, still keeping up their Chinese culture. The history of the early immigrants makes us thankful for our life today.‎ ‎ 高频单词 ‎1．means (n.) 方法、手段→meaning (n.) 意思→mean (v.) 打算；意味→meaningful (adj.) 有意义的 ‎2．boom (n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣 (vi.) 处于迅速发展时期 ‎3．majority (n.) 大多数；大半→major (adj.) 主要的& (v.) 主修→minority (n.) 少数；少数民族→minor (adj.) 较小的；次要的 ‎4．distinct (adj.) 清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction (n.) 差别；区分；卓著 ‎5．indicate (vt.) 指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication (n.) 象征；标示；表明；暗示 ‎6．racial (adj.) 人种的；种族的→race (n.) 种族；比赛→racism (n.) 种族主义；种族歧视 ‎7．elect (vt.) 选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election (n.) 选举 ‎8．appear (v.) 看上去；出现→apparent (adj.) 显而易见的；表面上的→apparently (adv.) 表面上地 ‎9．applicant (n.) 申请人→apply (vi.) 申请→application (n.) 申请书；申请 ‎10．society (n.) 社会→social (adj.) 社会的→socialism (n.) 社会主义→socialist (n.) 社会主义者 ‎11．punish (v.) 惩罚→punishment (n.) 惩罚 ‎12．occur (vi.) 发生；出现→occurence (n.) 事件；发生的事 ‎13．luggage (n.) 行李 ‎ 重点短语 ‎1．by_means_of　　　　　用……方法；借助……‎ ‎2．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)‎ ‎3．team_up_with 与某人合作或一起工作 ‎4．take_in 包括；吸收 ‎5．live_on 继续存在 ‎6．make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 ‎7．apply_for 申请；请示得到 ‎8．back_to_back 背靠背 ‎9．mark_out 画线；标出……界线 ‎10．a_great_many 许多 ‎ 热点句型 ‎1．It is likely that...“很可能……”‎ However, it_is_likely_that (很可能)Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2)‎ ‎2．why引导的表语从句，表示“……的原因”‎ That_is_why(那就是为什么)today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.(教材P2)‎ ‎3．过去分词作原因状语 People from different parts of the world, attracted_by (被吸引)the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. (教材P2)‎ ‎4．名词性从句作介词后宾语 Exactly when the first people arrived in what_we_now_know_as California, no one really knows.(教材P2)‎ 没有人真正知道，第一批开拓者到达我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的确切时间。‎ ‎5．It 作形式主语的主语从句 It_is_believed_that (人们认为)before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. (教材P3)‎ ‎ 教材复现 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, ________ (attract) people from all over the world.‎ 答案：having attracted　分词的完成式表示该动作发生于句子谓语动词之前。且主语It和attract之间为主动关系。‎ ‎2．The customs and languages of the immigrants live ________ in their new home.‎ 答案：on　live on“继续存在；继续生存”。‎ ‎3．Exactly when the first people arrived in ________ we now know as California, no one really knows.‎ 答案：what　arrive in后的宾语从句中缺少宾语，故填what。‎ ‎4．The dream of becoming rich ________ (quick) attracted people from all ________ the world.‎ 答案：quickly; over　第一空考查副词用法，副词修饰动词attract；第二空考查固定搭配all over the world“遍及全世界”。‎ ‎5．Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means ________ a land bridge.‎ 答案：of　by means of“借助……；用……方法”。‎ ‎6．In addition, many died from the diseases ________ (bring) by the Europeans.‎ 答案：brought　diseases与bring为被动关系，故填过去分词brought。‎ ‎7．In the 18th century California ________ (rule) by Spain.‎ 答案：was ruled　句意：在十八世纪，加利福尼亚被西班牙统治。由句意可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎8．In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps ________ their Danish culture.‎ 答案：up　keep up“维持；沿袭(风俗等)”。‎ ‎9．It's a 79 km roundtrip that takes ________ all the famous tourist spots.‎ 答案：in　take in“包括；吸收”。‎ ‎10．From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied ________ right to live in USA.‎ 答案：for　apply for“申请”。‎ ‎1　　means　n．手段；方法(单复数同形)‎ Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.(P2)‎ 科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。‎ by this means 用这种方法 by means of 通过；用；借助于 by no means＝in no way＝ in no case＝on no account＝at no time 决不；一点也不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)‎ by all means (用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题 a_means_of communication 一种通讯/交流工具 ‎①[2014·上海高考]By_means_of grooming—cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support.‎ 通过梳理——用刷子清洗毛皮，猴子与其他个体形成群体来获得支持。‎ ‎②[2013·重庆高考]In other words, English weatherspeak is a_means_of social bonding.‎ 换句话说，英国谈论天气是一种社交联系的方式。‎ ‎③[必背佳句]Only by_this_means can you work out the problem.‎ 只有用这种方法你才能解出这道题。‎ ‎2　　majority　n．大多数；大半 Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. (P2)‎ 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原居住人民传授天主教。‎ ‎(1)a/the majority of...＝most of...大多数 be_in_a/the_majority 构成大多数/大部分 ‎(2)major adj.主要的 vi.专修；主攻 ‎(3)major in 主修……‎ ‎(4)minority n．少数；少数派/人 ‎(5)the majority和the minority单独用作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数形式；但其后表语是复数时，谓语动词通常也要用复数。‎ ‎(6)“the/a majority of＋名词”用作主语，其谓语动词的数应与名词的数保持一致。‎ ‎①[2014·安徽高考]If you look at the audience at a classical concert, the_majority is over the age of fifty.‎ 如果你看一下古典音乐会上的观众的话，大多数都在五十岁以上。‎ ‎②[2013·广东高考]The_majority_of citizens consider an ordinary job boring or even valueless.‎ 大部分市民认为普通的工作无聊甚至是无价值的。‎ ‎③What subject did you major_in when you were in university?‎ 你在大学主修什么科目？‎ ‎3　　occur　vi.发生；出现 It didn't occur to me that...(P5)‎ 我没有想到……‎ ‎①[2014·课标全国卷Ⅱ]As they went down, the weather got worse. Then another trouble occurred.‎ 当他们继续往下走的时候，天气变得越来越糟糕，接着另一个麻烦又出现了。‎ ‎②[2015·广东高考]Now, it_occurred_to_him_that his farm had much potential.‎ 现在他突然想到他的农场还有很大的潜力。‎ ‎③It_struck_her_that she ought to make a new plan.‎ 她突然想起她应当拟一个新计划。‎ ‎4　　indicate　vt.指出；标示；表明 Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.(P7)‎ 试着用以上表达来表明你在认真倾听你的搭档的话。‎ ‎(1)indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某物 indicate that... 示意；表明 as...indicate 正如……所示 ‎(2)indication n. 指示；象征；预示 There is some/no indication that... 有/无迹象表明……‎ ‎①[2014·上海高考]Yellow indicates that the customer should be alert.‎ 黄色示意消费者要警惕。‎ ‎②[2014·江西高考]The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting, indicating a kind of advancement.‎ 马是国画中常见的主题，寓意着前进。‎ ‎③KinguponThames, as_the_name_indicates,_is situated on the bank of the Thames.‎ 泰晤士河畔金斯顿，正如其名称所示，坐落在泰晤士河畔。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2014·安徽高考]Let's assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the ________ (major) of people.‎ 答案：majority　句意：让我们假设历史建筑对大多数人而言既有吸引力、又重要。the majority of...“大多数……”。‎ ‎2．[2015·陕西高考]I have such a good command of English that I am ________ (elect) as assistant to my English teacher.‎ 答案：elected　主语I与elect之间为被动关系，故应填elected。‎ ‎3．[2014·湖北高考]Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but ________ (slip) and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.‎ 答案：slipped　由该空前后的started及went可知应用一般过去时，故填slipped。‎ ‎4．People suffered many ________ (hardship) during that long winter.‎ 答案：hardships　根据空前的many知填名词复数形式。句意：在那个漫长的冬天，人们遭受了许多苦难。‎ ‎5．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members ________ (be) against it.‎ 答案：are　“the majority of＋名词”用作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与名词的数保持一致。故由members可知应填are。‎ ‎6．[2014·江西高考]Progress ________ (indicate) a person's ability to change the way he is living at the moment.‎ 答案：indicates　主语Progress为不可数名词，故谓语用第三人称单数。句意：进步表明了人们改变当前生活方式的一种能力。indicate“指出；表明”。‎ ‎7．[2014·辽宁高考]Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs ________ you and what materials you use.‎ 答案：to　sth. occurs to sb. “某人突然想起某事”。‎ ‎8．[2015·江苏高考]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement with the national soccer ________ (reform)．‎ 答案：reform　句意：为了与国家的足球改革保持一致，一些学校将做出调整。reform“改革”，既可作名词也可用作动词，此处用作名词。‎ ‎9．________ (hire) a car you must produce a passport and a current driving license.‎ 答案：To hire　句意：若想租车，你需要出示护照及有效驾照。不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎10．All the ________ can ________ in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their ________ before May 6th. (apply)‎ 答案：applicants; apply; application　句意：所有申请人都可以通过个人或书信进行申请，并且同时要在5月6日前递交申请书。applicant为名词“申请人”；apply动词“申请”；application名词“申请(书)”。‎ ‎1　　make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生 Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.(P2)‎ 有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。‎ ‎(1)come to life 苏醒；变得活跃 live/lead a．..life 过着……生活 come_back_to_life 苏醒过来；恢复生气 bring...back to life 使……苏醒过来；给……活力 ‎(2)make/earn a/one's living 谋生 ‎(3)make it 成功；到达某地 ‎①We make_a_living by what we get, but we make_a_life by what we give.‎ 我们靠获得的东西生存，但我们靠给予的东西生活。‎ ‎②[2015·广东高考]Even though we can't live forever, we are living_a_longer__life than ever before.‎ 即使我们不能永远活着，但我们可以比以前活得时间长。‎ ‎③[2014·江苏高考]Dale took his mother's advice, tried desperately and after several attempts finally made_it.‎ 戴尔听从了母亲的建议拼命地尝试，多次努力之后，最后终于成功了。‎ 图解助记 ‎2　　a great many 很多；许多(修饰可数名词)‎ Saw some interesting temples here, a number of markets and a great many restaurants.(P8)‎ 参观了这里的一些有趣的寺庙，不少的集贸市场和许多餐馆。‎ ‎(1) ‎(2)＋不可数名词＋单数谓语 ‎(3) ‎(4) ‎ ‎①It seems that a_great_many of them are out of work now.似乎他们中的许多人现在失业了。‎ ‎②[2015·安徽高考]There are an extremely large_number_of ants worldwide.‎ 世界上有数量庞大的蚂蚁。‎ ‎③[2015·北京高考]He gathered a_huge_mass_of snow and dug out a hole in the middle.‎ 他聚集了大量的雪并在中间挖出一个洞。‎ ‎3　　take in 领会；理解；欺骗；收留；吸收 It's a 79 km roundtrip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.(P8)‎ 这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。‎ take apart 拆开；剖析；抨击(论点等)‎ take back 取回，带回；使……回忆起昔日 take care of 照料；保管 take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下 take it easy 别紧张，慢慢来 take over 继承；接收，接管 take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞；大获成功 take on 承担；呈现 take one's place 入座；代替某人的位置 take one's time 不急，慢慢干 take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理；拿起；继续 ‎①[2013·江苏高考]I managed to rent a big enough house to take_in a handful of people.‎ 我设法租了一个足够大的房子能够容纳好几个人。‎ ‎②[2015·湖北高考]It was several minutes before I took_in what he was saying.‎ 过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。‎ ‎③[2015·陕西高考]Peter will take_up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.‎ 在下个月末彼得将开始担任旅行社领导的职位。‎ ‎④[2015·陕西高考]Back from his twoyear medical service in America, Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother taken__good_care_of at home.‎ 在非洲医疗机构待了两年回来后，李博士很高兴地看到他的母亲在家被照顾得很好。‎ ‎4　　apply for 申请 From 1882 to 1940 Angel Island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.(P8)‎ 从1882至1940年，天使岛成了一个有名的移民站，许多中国人在那里申请美国居住权。‎ ‎(1)apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请……‎ apply to 适用于……；运用于……‎ apply sth. to...把……运用于……‎ apply oneself to 致力于……；集中精力做……‎ ‎(2)application n．申请书 applicant n．申请人 ‎①[2014·山东高考]Charlotte had applied_for a doctor's license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was refused.‎ 夏洛特在Montreal和Winnipeg两个地方都申请了医生执照但都遭到了拒绝。‎ ‎②[2014·湖北高考]The old rules have to be revised because they only applied_to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.‎ 老的规矩要修改，因为它们只适用于一百多年前制定时的状况。‎ ‎③[2015·陕西高考]After knocking politely at the door, the applicant entered the office of the general manager.‎ 礼貌地敲门后，申请人走进总经理的办公室。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 apply for； take in； a large number of； occur to； mark out； make a life； a great many； team up with ‎1．A good idea ________ Jane while she was talking to Mary.‎ 答案：occurred to ‎2．[2015·陕西高考]I'm writing to ________ the position as a student volunteer.‎ 答案：apply for ‎3．[2015·重庆高考]I love reading and I own ________ books.‎ 答案：a large number of ‎4．They ________ the tennis court with white paint.‎ 答案：marked out ‎5．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Walls made of adobe ________ the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights.‎ 答案：take in ‎6．[2014·江西高考]In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to ________ for yourself.‎ 答案：make a life ‎7．________houses were knocked down by the earthquake.‎ 答案：A great many ‎8．You can ________ another member if you want.‎ 答案：team up with ‎1　　However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)‎ 然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亚州了。‎ It is likely that...“很可能……”。本句中It为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。句中likely为形容词，意为“可能的”。其近义词有possible， probable。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2015·陕西高考]If one is late for a job interview, it_is_not_likely_that he will get the job.‎ 如果一个人面试迟到了，他不太可能得到这份工作。‎ ‎②[2015·四川高考]Brian is gifted in writing music, he is very likely_to_be a Beethoven.‎ 布莱恩在创作乐曲方面有天赋，他有望成为另一个贝多芬。‎ ‎③[2014·山东高考]Serval says that one day, it'll_be_possible_to_replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera.‎ Serval说有一天，柄手上的刷子将有可能被带有照相机的刷子组件所替代。‎ ‎④It_is_probable_that the cost will be greater than we think.‎ 花费很可能比我们预想的要多。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．[2015·广东高考]Fish are most likely ________ (find) in shallow water under waterside trees.‎ 答案：to be found　考查sb./sth. be likely to do“某人/物可能……”句式，且fish与find为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应填to be found。‎ ‎2．[2014·安徽高考]It is ________ (say) that rap music was invented by a classical musician in 1912.‎ 答案：said　It is said that...“据说……”。‎ ‎3．[2014·江西高考]He is thought ________ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.‎ 答案：to have acted　考查sb. is thought to do sth.结构。其中不定式动作发生于谓语动词thought之前，故应用完成式。‎ ‎4．It was raining hard; that is ________ he came late.‎ 答案：why　句意：雨下得很大，那就是他迟到的原因。That's why...“那就是……的原因”。‎ ‎5．[2014·辽宁高考]The harder you try to beat him, the ________ (likely) you will get hit.‎ 答案：more likely　句意：你越用劲击打，你就越有可能被击中。‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．It is likely that the weather will be fine.‎ ‎→The weather ________________ fine.‎ 答案：is likely to be ‎2．It is believed that Professor Li is working in the library.‎ ‎→Professor Li is believed ________________ in the library.‎ 答案：to be working 复习名词性从句 ‎(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)‎ 概念 一个句子在整个的主句中起到一个名词的作用，那么，这个句子即为名词性从句，又根据在复合句中具体充当的成分，可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。‎ 名词性从句的引导词 引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类：‎ ‎1．连词：that, whether, if(在从句中不充当成分)‎ It's good to know that the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.‎ ‎2．连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which(在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语)‎ ‎“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.‎ ‎3．连接副词：when, where, how, why (在从句中充当状语)‎ Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.‎ 主语从句 主语从句可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。‎ It happened that I met her in a book store.‎ 宾语从句 ‎1．形式宾语it 动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。‎ Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.‎ ‎2．介词后的宾语从句 连词 that 引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in后，其他有一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导则需用it先行一步作形式宾语。‎ You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.‎ ‎3．某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that 可省略。‎ They are afraid I will feel lonely.‎ ‎4．宾语从句中的时态与主句时态的呼应 主句动词是现在时，从句应根据具体情况使用不同时态。当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外)时，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等；但当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。‎ We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken (break) into the office during the night.‎ 表语从句 ‎1．引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语＋系动词＋从句。‎ ‎－What a mess! You're always so lazy!‎ ‎－I'm not to blame, mum. I am what you have made me.‎ ‎2．when, where, why, how, because引导的从句作This is 或That is的表语时，表示具体的时间、地点、原因、方式等。‎ That is why I don't finish the task in time.‎ ‎3．当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that 引导而不是because。‎ The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)‎ ‎1．[2015·重庆高考]We must find out ________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.‎ 答案：when　句意：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。该句为宾语从句，由句意可知应填when。‎ ‎2．[2014·北京高考]Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.‎ 答案：whatever'句意：一些人认为不管是以前发生的还是现在发生的事情都会在将来重现。“________ has happened before or is happening now”为主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，根据句意应填whatever。‎ ‎3．[2014·湖南高考]As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.‎ 答案：what'句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的那样，当我们正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离我们远去。系动词is后为表语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故填what。‎ ‎4．[2015·北京高考]I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.‎ 答案：that　句意：我真的相信美是发自内心的。believe后为宾语从句，且从句中不缺少句子成分，应填that。‎ ‎5．[2014·四川高考]Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”‎ 答案：where　where在此句中引导表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。‎