专题06 必修3Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列

专题06 必修3Unit3-Unit5高频词汇分类解读-2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列

‎ 2018年高考英语备考中等生百日捷进提升系列之英语 永升英语工作室 根据中等生基础知识不牢固的特点，将基础知识以2--3个单元为一讲，突出常考单词的背诵和用法区别。由于单选题退出大部分省份的英语试卷，所以这部分重点强调学练结合。集中识记常考的完形填空词汇；常考的阅读中出现的词汇；常考的书面表达中的句型。完形词汇重在词语的详细意思和词汇辨析；阅读词汇重在记住词义即可，但数量要大；书面表达句型重在在句子中背诵，力争背过的句子在话题中有高频的出现几率。这样可以大面积、迅速地提高成绩。聚焦少而精的知识，直接对接高考。‎ 练习重在做到有的放矢，基础练习以单词拼写、单词填空或短文填空为主。‎ 能力提升一定要由浅入深，让他们有成就感，迅速进入状态。句型复习采用翻译句子+背诵范文的方法。‎ 必修3 Unit3——Unit5‎ ‎ 词汇基础知识狂背：‎ I.常考的完形填空词汇及短语：（注意它们在完形中出现的几率极高，完形30分志在必得，现在开始狂背。）（1）词汇 ‎1．scene n. (戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色 behind the scenes 暗中，秘密地，在幕后 ‎(come) on the scene 出现，到场，在场 set the scene (为……)作好准备，(为……)设置舞台 ‎2．permit vt. 允许，许可 n．[C]许可证，执照 permission n. [U]许可，准许，允许 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 with/without one's permission＝with/without the permission of sb. (不)在某人的允许下 ‎3．spot vt. 发现，认出；点缀n. 斑点；污点；地点 on the spot 当场，当下 put sb. on the spot 使某人尴尬，使某人为难 hit the spot 满足要求，合口味 a scenic/historic spot 风景名胜/古迹 be spotted with sth. 满是……斑点 ‎4．account n. 说明；理由；计算；账目；报道 vi. & vt. 认为；说明；总计有 account for 说明(原因等)；作出解释 on account of 由于，因为 on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)‎ on any account 无论如何 take account of＝take...into consideration 考虑……‎ keep an account of 记录，记载 ‎5．seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi. 寻找；探索；追求 seek one’s fortune追求财富；碰运气 seek (after/for) sth. 寻找某物；追求某物 seek sth. from sb.向某人寻求某事 seek to do sth.(＝try/attempt to do sth.)试图/企图做某事 ‎6．harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 harm n．&vt. 损伤；伤害 harmless adj. 无害的 harmlessness n. 无害 be harmful to 对……有害 do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害 do more harm than good 弊大于利 There is (no) harm in (sb.‘s) doing sth. (某人)做某事有(无)害处。 It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说) 做某事有(无)害处。 mean no harm 没有恶意 ‎7.exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活 existent adj. 存在的，现存的　existence n. 存在，生存 There exists/existed....某地有……，存在…… exist in 存在于……之中 exist on 靠……为生 ‎ exist by 靠……生存 come into existence 开始存在；成立 bring into existence 使发生，产生 ‎8．puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂　n. 难题；谜 puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨 puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案；开动脑筋 be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解 set a puzzle for sb.(＝set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜 be puzzled by 被……迷惑 ‎9．surround vt.&vi.包围，环绕，围绕 surrounding adj.周围的 surroundings n. (pl.)环境 be surrounded with/by... 被……环绕/包围 in a surrounding area 在周围地区 be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings 位于优美的环境中 ‎10．measure n. [U] 量度，测量，尺寸；[C]措施 vt.&vi.测量，丈量，计量 make clothes to one‘s own measure 量体裁衣 by measure 按尺寸 take measures (steps) to do sth.采取措施 beyond measure 无法估量，极度，过分 be measured in 以……来计算 ‎11．within prep. 在……之内；不越出 within reach 够得着 within sight 在视线范围内 within one‘s power 力所能及 within an hour 一小时内 ‎ within call 在附近；随叫随到 within reason 理智地；合理地 ‎12．border n. 边界；国界；边沿 vt. &vi. 与……接壤；接近 a border town 边境城市 the border of the lake 湖边 on the border of 将要，接近于，在……的边界上 border on sth. 接近某物，毗邻某物；几乎相同；近似 ‎13．confirm vt. 证实，确认，批准，确定 confirmation n. 证实，证明，确定，证明书 confirmed adj. 已被证实的；确定的 confirm a rumour 证实传闻 confirm a theory 证实一种理论 confirm the time of arrival 确定到达的时间 confirm one‘s belief 坚定信念 confirm a project 批准某个项目 confirm a contract 批准合同 confirm sb. in office 批准……上任 ‎14．distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；疏远　v. 不介入；与……疏远 distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的 at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远 in the distance 在远方 out of distance from 离……太远，达不到 keep sb. at a distance 对……冷淡，与……疏远 keep one‘s distance from 与……保持距离 distance yourself from 不介入；与……疏远 ‎（2）短语 ‎1．bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出 拓展：bring about 引起；致使；造成；达成 bring along/on 带来 bring back 使记起；归还；恢复 bring down 使减低；降低；挫伤(傲气)‎ bring forth 产生；产出；生产 bring forward 提出；出示；展示 bring out 揭露；显示，解释；出版 bring to (oneself) 使复苏 bring in 引进；引来；赚得 ‎2．go ahead 前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说；说吧；干吧 go ahead with开始做某事 ahead of 在…… 之前；超过 press ahead with加紧进行，推行 ‎3．on the contrary 正相反，反之(表示相反意见)‎ on the other hand 另一方面(说明问题的另一方面)‎ contrary to... 与……相反；违反，对抗 quite/just the contrary 恰恰相反 to the contrary 与此相反地 ‎4．take a chance冒险；试图做某事；碰运气 take a chance＝take one’s chance＝take chances by chance/accident偶然；碰巧 Chances are(that)可能性是……‎ There is a slim/slight chance that...不大可能……‎ ‎5．as for 关于；至于 拓展：as for与as to都是介词短语，意思相近，都是“至于，关于；就……而言，就……来说”之意。as with“与……一样”。‎ As to the journey, we must decide about that later.‎ 至于旅行，我们必须以后再作决定。‎ ‎6．in one’s turn轮到某人；接着 in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来 by turns轮流；交替 take one’s turn轮到某人做……了 take turns依次；轮班，轮流 ‎ on the turn正在转变，正在变化 out of turn不合时宜地，鲁莽地 ‎7．prevent...from 阻止；制止 stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 protect sb. from...保护某人不受……侵袭，挡住，防御 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如： We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain. 大雨使我们无法外出。 (2)protect...from...中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如： They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。‎ ‎8．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 cheer sb. up 使某人高兴；使某人振奋 cheer on 为……加油 cheer sb. 为某人喝彩 with good cheer 欣然地 Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)‎ ‎9．break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态) ‎ 拓展：break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等) break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解 break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等) break into 破门而入，突然……起来 break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束 break through 突破 break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束 break into pieces 成为碎片 ‎10．watch out 注意；当心 watch out(for)＝ look out (for) 密切注意；留神 ‎ take care 留神，注意 be careful 仔细，留神 watch it 当心，小心 watch over 照看；看守 keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视 ‎11.settle down 坐下来；定居下来；安静下来；开始过平静、安定的生活；适应起来 After years of travelling，he decided to settle down.多年的在外旅行后，他决定定居下来。‎ The teacher told the students to settle down and study thelessons.老师让学生们安静下来，学习功课。‎ Have you settled down in your new job yet？你适应新工作了吗？ ‎ ‎12.go through 通过；穿过；经受；仔细检查；完成 The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.‎ 那可怜的女孩自从父母过世后历经了许多苦难。‎ She went through the whole room but couldn’t find the missing ring.‎ 她搜遍了整个房间也没找到失落的戒指。‎ The doctor will go through the operation soon.那位医生很快就要做完手术了。 ‎ go over检查，复习 get through通过；完成 ‎ ‎13.look over 翻阅；审阅；检查；查看 The teacher will look over our test papers tomorrow.老师明天将批改我们的试卷。‎ We looked over several kinds of new cars before deciding.我们查看了好几种新车，最后才决定买哪一辆。‎ ‎14.as/so far as...be concerned“就……而言”‎ As far as I am concerned，I cannot object to your marriage.就我个人而言，我不反对你们的婚事。‎ ‎（3）易混易错点拨 ‎1. scene/scenery/view/sight ‎(1)scene 指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指 scenery 的一部分，指某处小范围的景色，大多包括景物中的人及活动，可译为“情景”“景色”“场面”“(戏剧)一场”。‎ ‎(2)scenery是总称，指大范围的自然风光，是由多个 scene 构成的景色，常译为“景色”“风景”。‎ ‎(3)view 是指人从一定的角度(或从远处或从高处等)所看到的景象，还有“观点”“看法”等意思。‎ ‎(4)sight是眼睛所看到的景象，可以指美丽的风景，也可以指悲惨的景象，其复数形式 sights 表示“名胜古迹，人文景观”等。‎ 用 scene, scenery, view, sight的适当形式填空。‎ ‎(1)As we climbed higher, a wonderful ______ opened out before us.‎ ‎(2)The next day we returned to the ______ of the accident.‎ ‎(3)The ______ of the play is a kitchen.‎ ‎(4)The Great Wall is one of the most breathtaking ______ in the world.‎ ‎(5)The autumn __________ of Beijing is charming.‎ ‎(6)Do you remember the ______ in the play where Susan meets Alan for the first time?‎ view scene scene sights scenery scene ‎2. manner/method/way/means 这四个词均有“方法；方式”的意思。‎ ‎(1)manner指个人的、独特的或有特色的“方法；方式”，常与in连用。‎ ‎(2)method指合理的或系统的“方法”，包括抽象的观念和具体的步骤，如为完成教学、调查、医疗等各项工作而采取的一系列步骤或方法，常与with连用。‎ ‎(3)means指为达到某种目的而采取的“手段”或“方法”，常与by连用。‎ ‎(4)way为普通用语，可以代替method, manner或means，但why更富有表达力，常与in连用。‎ ‎ [应用2]　(1)He invented a new __________ of teaching English.‎ ‎(2)I don’t like his ___________ of walking.‎ ‎(3)There is/are no ____________ of getting there.‎ ‎(4)You can finish it by this _______________.‎ ‎(5)There are a lot of ________________ to make friends.‎ ‎、method manner means means ways ‎3. unlike/dislike/alike/likely (1)unlike prep.不同；不像 (2)dislike vt. 不喜欢 (3)alike adj. 相似的，同样的 (4)likely adj. 很可能发生的，有希望的 ‎[应用1]　用 unlike, dislike, alike, likely的适当形式填空： (1)The twins look very much ______. (2)________ his brother, he ________ playing football. (3)We all think he is ______ to win.‎ ‎‘alike Unlike dislikes likely ‎4. pull/drag/draw (1)pull是普通用语，指一时或突然用力拉，与push相对。有时可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。 (2)drag是指“拖”“拉”着笨重的物体擦着地面，缓慢而费力地拖、拉动作。 (3)draw是指“拖”“拉”的物体向自己所在的方向移动，而且拖、拉的动作是从容的、不太费劲的。‎ ‎ [应用2]　(1)She _________a truck out from under the bed. (2)______ the door open. Don’t push it. (3)______ your chair up to the table. (4)The ants are _________ pieces of corn.‎ ‎‘dragged Pull Draw pulling ‎5. in time/at a time/at one time/on time/in no time/at times/at no time in time及时；总有一天；终于 on time按时 at one time曾经，一度 at a time一次，同时 at times有时 at no time决不，在任何时候都不 in no time立刻，马上 ‎(1)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear __________. (2)_____________ she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off. (3)They ran all the way to the corner just ________ to catch the bus.‎ ‎‘in no time At one time in time ‎(4)My honey, life is very difficult and cruel _________. Wipe your tears. (5)Deal with your questions separately, one ______. (6)Be sure to be _________. The meeting is very important. (7)___________ will we give up.‎ ‎‘at times at a time on time At no time II.重点句型背诵 ‎(1)“find oneself＋宾语补足语”，意为“(突然)发现自己……”。‎ ‎①When he came to, he found himself in a deserted island. 他醒来后，发现自己在一个荒凉的岛上。‎ ‎②On hearing this, I found myself in an embarrassing position. 听到这后，我突然发现自己处在很尴尬的境地。‎ ‎(2)find oneself doing sth. 突然发现或惊奇地发现自己在做某事，表示吃惊或不相信等情感。‎ ‎①Dick found himself walking in the direction of Mike's place. 迪克突然发现自己在朝迈克家的方向走去。‎ ‎②When he came to, he found himself lying in the hospital.他醒来后，发现自己躺在了医院里。‎ ‎(3)find oneself done (突然)发现自己被……；不知不觉中发现自己被……‎ Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys.然后我就发现自己已被六个男孩围住了。‎ ‎（4）had just done...when...刚做完某事，这时……‎ be doing...when...正在做……这时……‎ be about to do...when...正要做……这时……‎ be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……‎ ‎①I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。‎ ‎②He was reading newspapers when he heard his name called.他正在读报，这时听到有人叫他的名字。‎ ‎③I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.我正要出门，一位不速之客来访了。‎ ‎(5)whenever, wherever, however 引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter when/where/how。‎ ‎(6)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever 既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于 no matter what/who/which/whom。‎ ‎(7)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。‎ ‎(8)however 的用法主要有以下三点需要注意：‎ ‎①用做连接副词，相当于 no matter how，引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……；无论如何……”，具体结构为：‎ however＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语。例如：‎ However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money.‎ 无论人们有多富裕，他们似乎总是渴望挣到更多的钱。‎ ‎②用做连词，表示“不管用什么方法”。‎ ‎③however 还可作“然而”讲，是副词，不能引导从句，常用逗号隔开。 ‎ ‎(9)whichever, whatever 在句中还可做定语。‎ Eat whichever cake you like.你可以吃任何一块你想吃的蛋糕。‎ ‎（10）it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。‎ ‎①He thinks it his duty to help others.他认为帮助别人是他的职责。 ②He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.他把每天早晨6点起床作为一项规定。 ③We consider it no use going to the seaside.我们认为去海边没用处。‎ ‎④We all consider it a pity that you didn‘t come to the party.我们都认为你没有来参加聚会很遗憾。 ⑤I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们说话时嘴里有满满的东西。 ⑥You may depend on it that we’re honest.你可以相信我们是诚实的。‎ 拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语——不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。 (1)It's＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……的。 (2)It's＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事…… (3)It's/was/...who/that...是某人/某物做……‎ ‎(4)It is/was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋主语＋have/had done...这是某人第……次做…… (5)It is (high) time that...＋主语＋did/should do...是……该做……的时候了。 (6)It's said/reported/believed/announced that...据说/据报道/据猜测/据称……‎ ‎(7)It‘s a pity/a shame/a wonder...that...可惜/遗憾/奇怪……的是…… (8)It happens/appears/seems that... 恰巧/看来/好像…… (9)It looks/seems as if... 看起来好像…… (10)It’s up to sb. to do... 该某人做……了 倍数的表达方式有：‎ ‎(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。 (2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 (3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width, etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。‎ ‎(4)“A＋倍数＋what从句”，表示“A是……的多少倍”。 ①Asia is four times as large as Europe. ＝The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.‎ ‎ ＝Asia is four times the size of Europe. ＝Asia is three times larger than Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍)。‎ ‎②Our total income of 1994 was double that of 1992. 我们1994年的总收入是1992年的两倍。 ③The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。‎ III.阅读理解技法每日点拨 语意转换题的三种类型 事实细节题就是对文中的具体信息提问，即对时间、地点、原因、人物、事件、目的等具体信息进行提问。这类题在高考的阅读理解中占的比例最大。‎ 细节题有数字计算题、排序题、是非判断题，但主要还是语意转换题，事实上前三种题中的选项也很少见与文中信息的表达方式一模一样的，也大多经过了同义转换。语意转换通常有三种。‎ ‎1. 直接信息题。‎ 虽说是直接信息题，但选项与文中信息的表达方式也不会完全一样，正确选项是文中的某个信息点或某个句子的信息的另一种表达，考生找起来相对容易。‎ ‎【例1】 Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry ... shouting at me ... I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.‎ No more angry shouts and no more horns!‎ ‎... But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.‎ ‎◇ What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?‎ A. They sped up to pass.‎ B. They waited with patience.‎ C. They tried their best to help.‎ D. They put on their flashlights too.‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎2. 间接信息题。‎ 虽然正确选项的对应信息在文中可以找到，但其对应的信息点不是一个信息点或在某个句子中，而是涉及前后两三个信息点，或两三个句子的信息，这两三个信息点或句子可能紧紧相连，也可能不在同一段落。‎ ‎【例2】Fred Epstein, in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.‎ What do we know about Tom?‎ A. He was seriously ill.‎ B. He was a dishonest boy.‎ C. He was crazy about magic.‎ D. He was Dr. Epstein’s patient.‎ ‎【解析】 其对应信息在前后两句话中，关键信息是“癌症(cancer)”“经历了几次手术(through several operations)”“非常痛苦(a lot of pain)”，通过归纳，可知“他的病非常严重”，故选A项。顺便提提，“癌症(cancer)”是“生病(ill)”的下义词。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎3. 综合信息题。‎ 或叫细节推断题，正确选项中几乎没有一个词可以在文中找到，也不是简单的用同义或近义词替换而来，而是要求考生在理解多个信息点之后得出的结论。这些信息点可能在一句，可能在整段甚至前后几段，考生要对这些信息进行分析综合，归纳提炼，才可作出正确选择。‎ ‎【例3】 One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,” he wrote.‎ ‎◇ When he first met the author, David________.‎ A. felt a little excited B. walked energetically C. looked a little nervous D. showed up with his teacher ‎【解析】 在文中对应信息是He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking ‎ slightly，要根据“他不安地踱来踱去，面色苍白，他的双手在微微颤动”综合考虑这些具体的细节描写，再结合常识进行推断，才可知道“他看起来有点儿紧张”，故选C项。‎ ‎【答案】 C 即学即用 ‎1. The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expensive costume (戏装), finally she agreed.‎ The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman ... successfully made it through the operation.‎ ‎2.“He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I’m very worried about him. Can you help?”‎ I looked at David and showed him to a chair ... Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.‎ ‎... I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon — in complete silence and without looking at me ...‎ ‎... Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly. ‎ After that day, David started talking ... Now he had really started to live his own life.‎ Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one — without any words — can reach out to another person.‎ ‎◇ What made David change?‎ A. His teacher’s help.‎ B. His exchange of letters with the author.‎ C. The author’s friendship.‎ D. The author’s silent communication with him.‎ ‎3. Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my family’s last vacation. It was my sixyearold son’s winter break from school, and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didn’t mean my husband and my son couldn’t stay. I took my ninemonthold son and took off for home.‎ ‎ The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take an even later flight.‎ ‎ Yes, I encouraged — okay, ordered — them to wait it out at the airport, to “earn” more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1,600. Not bad, huh?‎ ‎◇ Why did Delta give the author’s family credits?‎ A. They took a later flight.‎ B. They had early bookings.‎ C. Their flight had been delayed.‎ D. Their flight had been cancelled.‎ 答案与解析 ‎1. 答案 B ‎2. 答案 D 解析 文中对应的信息主要是第三段中的in complete silence和最后一段第二句But I also learned that one — without any words — can reach out to another person，可知是作者同大卫的无声交流改变了大卫，故选D项。描写大卫的变化及其原因，前后跨越了3个段落。‎ ‎3. 答案 A 解析 在题干中找到关键词Delta，顺着找到the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day和下面的The next day, my husband and son were offered more credits to take all even later flight ... Our total take：$1,600.可知，Delta航空公司给他们钱是因为他们坐晚些时候的班机，故选A项。‎ ‎ 能力提升——测一测 I．单词拼写 ‎1．I can make a b______ that our team will win.‎ ‎2．I warn you; I'm beginning to lose my p_______ with you.‎ ‎3．The Japanese are used to b_________ to each other when they meet.‎ ‎4．The little girl s_____________ when she saw a mouse running by her feet.‎ ‎5．It was really u__________________ that he fell off the truck without being hurt.‎ ‎‘bet　patience bowing screamed unbelievable ‎6．The first ______(场景) of the play was almost over when they got to the theatre.‎ ‎7．It is good ___________ (礼貌) to give your seat to an old man on the bus.‎ ‎8．In order to keep his money safe, he opened an ________ (账户) with the bank.‎ ‎9．They had a lot of __________ (冒险) in the journey.‎ ‎10．With nothing to do, he just ________ (漫步) about every day.‎ scene　manners account adventures wanders ‎ ‎11．He was interested in a__________________ and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.‎ ‎12．Not long ago a v___________ earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.‎ ‎13．Computer hackers have broken down security s____________，raising questions about the safety of information.‎ ‎14．Too much sugar can be h________ to children's teeth.‎ astronomy　violent systems harmful ‎15．The three－star hotel offers a friendly a______________________ and personal service.‎ ‎16．China has sent up another ______ (人造卫星) into space.‎ ‎17．There is a lot of rubbish ___________(漂浮) on the surface of the river.‎ ‎18．_____________ (理论) is based on practice.‎ ‎19．The__________ (气候) is different from place to place.‎ ‎20. 6 _______________ (乘) by 5 is 30.‎ atmosphere　satellite floating Theory climate multiplied II.语法填空（重点训练题型）‎ ‎1. I had just given myself up for lost ________ I was spotted by a ship.‎ ‎2. Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought ________ to value the sense of sharing.‎ ‎3. The party will be held in the garden, weather ________(permit).‎ ‎4. Success in life doesn’t happen by ________. It’s the result of devoting your time and energy to what you’ve set out to do.‎ ‎5. No matter how I try to persuade my boss, she always finds ________ with my work, so I’ll have to quit my job.‎ ‎6. When the man was trying to break into the bank, he was caught by the police ________ the spot.‎ ‎7. Some 76,800 high school students went abroad for their education last year, ________(account) for 23 percent of all Chinese students studying abroad.‎ ‎8. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little ________(patient).‎ ‎9. He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. ________ the contrary,‎ ‎ he had a wonderful time.‎ ‎10. You can’t judge a person by his dressing because not all who are ________ rags are beggars, some even are millionaires.‎ ‎11. I have kept the proverb “A friend in need is a friend ________.” in mind.‎ ‎12. After losing 20,000 yuan on my last business venture, I’m not ________(take) any chances this time.‎ ‎13. Tom came to the Yukon in the 1970’s ________(seek) his fortune.‎ ‎14. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ________ benefits our work most.‎ ‎15. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ________(well) known for his plays.‎ ‎16. When the country boy visited the big city for the first time, all he could do was to stare ________ the tall buildings in wonder.‎ ‎17. As ________ physical culture and sports, I like swimming and table tennis very much.‎ ‎18. The accident is reported to have occurred ________ the first Sunday in February.‎ ‎19. Do you mind Jane ________(leave) alone at home?‎ ‎20. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ________ it was rather closely modelled on his own life.‎ ‎21. Your plan sounds great in ________, but how will it work in practice?‎ ‎22. The new machine, as is reported in the newspaper, will work twice as fast, ________ greatly reducing costs.‎ ‎23. ________ that you are familiar with the author’s ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as possible.‎ ‎24. The scientist’s name will live ________ from generation to generation.‎ ‎25. ________(disappoint) at failing in the math exam, John wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.‎ ‎26. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.‎ ‎27. I’m sorry, but I haven’t had a chance ________(look) at it.‎ ‎28. Scientists have warned us that many household products are potentially ________(harm).‎ ‎29. Pakistan came into ________(exist) as an independent country after the war.‎ ‎30. We were prevented ________ attending the important meeting by the unexpected heavy rain.‎ ‎31. She had a ________(puzzle) look on her face on hearing the news that she had failed the exam.‎ ‎32. She was so depressed that nothing could cheer her ________.‎ ‎33. A fire broke ________ at around 9 a.m. at a supermarket in the Chinatown of Manhattan, New York City, on May 15.‎ ‎34. With the development of agriculture and industry, we must make ________ possible for the earth to support more and more people.‎ ‎35. The cashier was asked to watch out ________ forged banknotes(伪钞).‎ ‎36. She explained ________ them what they should do in an emergency.‎ ‎37. When the police came, the people scattered ________ all directions.‎ ‎38. All of a sudden, he felt a hand ________________(touch) his shoulder.‎ ‎39. A 67-year-old Romanian woman on January 16, 2005, gave birth ________ a baby girl, which makes her the world’s oldest woman to give birth.‎ ‎40. Whether you play ________ watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me even if you have finished your homework.‎ ‎41. You needn’t go to the railway station by taxi because it is within walking ________(distant). It only takes five minutes to walk there.‎ ‎42. Having checked the doors were closed, and ________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.‎ ‎43. The city, ________(surround) by mountains and lakes, is so beautiful that they have decided to stay there for another two days.‎ ‎44. To make the world a nice place to live in, we should take measures _______(protect) the environment.‎ ‎45. Jack won the first prize in yesterday’s English speech competition and he was so excited that he didn’t settle ________ until late into the night.‎ ‎46. In spite of these unexpected difficulties, the Chinese scientists managed ________(carry)out their experiments on the lonely island.‎ ‎47. There was a hole in the door, through which I caught sight ________ Mr. Brown seated in a chair.‎ ‎48. Mrs. Taylor has an 8-year-old daughter who has a gift ________ painting — she has won several ‎ national prizes.‎ ‎49. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot ________ easy reach. ‎ ‎50. My plane takes off at 3:00 p.m. tomorrow. I’ve just called the airport to ________ (confirmation)it.‎ ‎51. ________ tradition, people in western countries can play jokes on others on April 1st.‎ ‎52. The whole nation was ________(impress) by the young generation’s excellent performances when the disaster happened.‎ ‎53. The fact has worried many scientists ________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.‎ ‎54. Time ________(permit), I’ll arrange for you to meet Professor Li before you leave for Japan.‎ ‎55. The brave soldiers chose to die ________ than give in to their enemy.‎ ‎56. We sat in the café for hours chatting ________ our experiences.‎ ‎57. They were expecting to see ________ the distance some signs of the enemy.‎ ‎58. Mark was terrified ________ the thought of parachuting.‎ ‎59. Could you please mail these letters ________ your way to work?‎ ‎60. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure” award, a title ________(give) to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. ‎ 答案 1. when 2. up 3. permitting 4. accident/chance 5. fault 6. on7. accounting 8. patience 9. On 10. in 11. indeed 12. taking 13. to seek 14. that 15. better 16. at 17. for/to 18. on 19. being left 20. that 21. theory 22. thus 23. Now 24. on 25. Disappointed 26. whether 27. to look 28. harmful 29. III.短语填空 ‎(1)______ ______ ______ cars while crossing the road. 过马路时要当心车辆。 Watch out ‎(2)Don't ______ others ________ for long.不要让别人等太久。 keep waiting ‎(3)I ______ ________ how to solve the problem. 我不知道怎样解决这个问题。 was puzzled ‎(4)We hadn’t planned to meet. We met ______________.‎ 我们原未打算相见，是偶然遇见的。‎ by chance ‎(5)You didn't bother me. ________________________， I like your company. 你没有打扰我。相反地，我喜欢有你做伴。‎ On the contrary ‎6)She has _______________ five children.‎ 她养育了五个孩子。‎ brought up ‎7)The boy ___________________________ his teacher.‎ 这个男孩向他的老师请教。‎ sought advice from IV.阅读理解 ‎【安徽省皖南八校2018届高三第二次联考】B In high school I was very shy, content to hang around with my small group of friends and to concentrate on my courses. I was quickly labeled a “brain.” I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework.‎ But in early June of senior year, the principal called me into office. He asked me to give a speech at gradation. I gaped(目瞪口呆地凝视)at him, my heart thumping. This was the reward for my hard work? I mumbled something and fled the office, blaming myself for staying away from physics, a subject sure to have broken up my perfect record.‎ I finally agreed to a compromise. I would share the honor with five other students. I agreed to introduce my friend Judy, who would then give her own, full-length speech.‎ Graduation day soon arrived. I’d been practicing my speech for days, and I had it memorized. The first half hour of the ceremony passed in a blur, and then my moment came. My name was announced. I managed to reach the podium without falling down. I faced my classmates. My voice trembled a ‎ little, but mostly it was clear and strong. But within seconds, I was done and heading back to my seat. I accomplished something I’d never dreamed of—I spoke in front of hundreds of people.‎ Although I didn’t realize it at the time, the successful completion of that speech gave me the confidence to participate in class at college, to give verbal reports, and to eventually break free of my shyness. I never would have chosen to give a speech at graduation-or ever. But I’m glad I did. I no longer hesitate when I’m faced with the prospect of doing something I dread. I know it may very well turn out to be one of my shining moments.‎ ‎1. Why was the writer called a “brain”?‎ A. She was a bookworm all the time B. She was the head of her small group C. She was the most intelligent student D. She did more coursework for good grades.‎ ‎2. What can we infer from the second paragraph?‎ A. She ruined her health by studying hard B. She got the reward beyond expectation C. She was grateful for giving a speech D. She wasn’t good at physics at school ‎3. How did the author feel at the beginning of the graduation speech?‎ A. Scared B. Moved C. Excited D. Embarrassed ‎4. What did the speech bring to the author at last?‎ A. She had nothing to fear in life B. She got rid of her sense of shyness C. She won enough college credits D. She desired to become a speaker ‎【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B ‎【解析】作者讲述了第一次演讲的起因、经过和结果以及对今后的积极影响。‎ ‎1. C推理判断题。根据第一段concentrate on my courses. I did so well that by the end of senior year I had perfect grades and enough college credits to give up an entire quarter of coursework.可知作者上学时学习努力，成绩很好，是最聪明努力的学生。所以被成为“brain”，故选C.‎ ‎2. D推理判断题。根据第二段blaming myself for staying away from physics, a subject sure to have broken up my perfect record.可知作者的物理成绩不好，打破了她的完美记录。故选D.‎ ‎3. A推理判断题。根据第四段I managed to reach the podium without falling down. I faced my classmates. My voice trembled a little, but mostly it was clear and strong.可知毕业演讲开始的时候作者脚步不稳，声音发抖，非常害怕。故选A.‎ V.范文背诵（翻译汉语句子并背诵全文）‎ Dear Editor，‎ ‎ I’m a senior high student. Now many students use mobile phones. They think it’s a fashion to use it. Besides，（1）用手机和他们的家人联系是方便的______________________________________________________________.But some students break the rules in class. They bring them to the classroom and we often hear the ring of mobile phones in class. Some of them even waste their precious time in class typing short messages on the mobile phones.‎ ‎ In my opinion，the classroom is a place for students to gain knowledge. Therefore quietness is badly needed for us to learn our lessons. Those with mobile phones shouldn’t take them to the classroom. We are supposed to concentrate on our studies.（2）学校应该制定规则禁止学生在教室使用手机__________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely，‎ 答案：‎ ‎（1）it’s very convenient to get in touch with their families and friends by using mobile phones（句型：it作形式主语；高级短语：get in touch with）‎ ‎（2）The school should make a rule to forbid the students to use mobile phones in the classroom.（句型：不定式短语作目的状语；高级短语：forbid…to…）‎