专题03阅读理解Ⅰ-主旨大意题（讲）-2017年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题03阅读理解Ⅰ-主旨大意题（讲）-2017年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

www.ks5u.com ‎2017届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲案】‎ 专题3 阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题 ‎【构建知识体系】‎ 主旨大意题 考点1精确归纳标题 考点2概括文章大意 考点3总结段落大意 ‎2014-2016年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 ‎2014‎ 第一节 剑桥科技节的活动通知 应用文 ‎1‎ ‎6‎ ‎6‎ ‎2‎ 旅鸽在美国逐渐减少直至灭绝的过程 记叙文 向驯兽师学习如何集中注意应对选择障碍 议论文 学者对濒危语种进行记录拯救 记叙文 第二节 如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备 说明文 信息匹配 ‎2015‎ 第一节 关于伦敦运河博物馆每月专题讲座安排的海报 应用文 ‎0‎ ‎9‎ ‎5‎ ‎1‎ 作者离开寒冷的纽约去美国南部度假的感受 记叙文 介绍了在巴黎皮蓬杜艺术中心举办西班牙著名艺术家萨尔瓦多·达利艺术展的情况 记叙文 法国咖啡馆在现代社会中彰显心理沟通的社会功能，产生了积极的意义。‎ 议论文 第二节 说明文 信息匹配 重建人际关系中的信任的意义与措施 ‎2016‎ 第一节 主要介绍了四位著名的女性的基本情况。‎ 说明文 ‎1‎ ‎9‎ ‎4‎ ‎1‎ 主要介绍了社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势，同时也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择。‎ 说明文 文章主要讲述了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。‎ 记叙文 主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同含义。‎ 说明文 第二节 主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解方法。‎ 说明文 信息匹配 ‎2014-2016年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 ‎2014‎ A 以一个妻子的口吻讲述了发生在自己丈夫身上的故事。在丈夫丢失了自己所有东西后，陌生人无私的帮助使他们重拾了对他人的信任。‎ 记叙文 ‎1‎ ‎9‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ B 以1970年地球日为突破口，讲述了人类对于地球环境的认识—由无知到保护。借专家之口讲述了美国40年来对环境保护做出的突出贡献。‎ 科普说明文 C 社会文化类 美国普遍存在的一种社会现象—对于“aupair（住家保姆） from China”。透过现象揭示了本质—“Learing Chinese is becoming in Amercia”，暗示中国雄狮已经苏醒。‎ D 地铁提示信息，包括时间、价格、失物招领等，同时也提到了老年人和残疾人需要注意的问题 广告应用类 ‎2015‎ A 我的彩电给我带来的头疼事：花的钱比广告上的多，而且机子是过时的，质量也有问题，最后只能花钱修。‎ 记叙文 ‎1‎ ‎5‎ ‎8‎ ‎1‎ B 减肥除了少吃之外，还和房间有关系：房子要明亮；勇冷色系会减少食欲；放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；用校的碗碟 科普说明文 C 越来越多即将上大学的学生选择“间隔年”。有人认为是好事，因为经过一年的锻炼，学生将会变得更加成熟、更有责任感。但也有人指出这种做法存在弊端，有些学生会因为负担不起大学学费而被迫利用这一年去打工。‎ 社会现象议论类 D 从价格到参观的内容介绍了四个英国的旅游胜地。‎ 广告应用类比 ‎2016‎ A 应用文 ‎1‎ ‎9‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ 主要介绍了几个广告的具体内容，涉及音乐、喜剧表演和歌曲等活动的具体安排，如时间、地点等。‎ B 主要讲述了作者在上课的时候通过让学生们拼装玩具，从而发现并鼓励学生们的创造性思维的故事。‎ 记叙文 C 主要介绍了网站BookCrossing.com建立的目的以及它是如何促进人们分享图书的。‎ 说明文 D 主要介绍了Frank用图片使一次失败的南极航海活动重新进入人们的视野，让人们能够了解这次航海的许多信息。‎ 记叙文 ‎2016年全国高考III卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 ‎2016‎ A 本文通过广告的形式介绍了几家举行音乐演出的剧场的信息。‎ 应用文 ‎1‎ ‎10‎ ‎2‎ ‎2‎ B 文章通过作家Welty一次与朋友在外面吃饭的经历，讲述了小说中的人物大多都是来自现实生活。‎ 记叙文 C 介绍了苹果节的一些情况。‎ 说明文 D 讨论了新闻传播的规则，以及读者喜欢分享什么样的文章。‎ 议论文 ‎【考纲解读】‎ 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。‎ 考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。‎ 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。‎ ‎【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 ‎ ‎ D The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. ‎ Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. ‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that ‎ person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. ‎ Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. ‎ ‎35. What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Sound and silence B．What it means to be silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech is silver; silence is gold ‎ ‎ C Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. ‎ Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, travelling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. ‎ Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”‎ Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. ‎ People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. Emails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.‎ BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirtyfive countries.‎ ‎12. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Online reading: a virtual tour ‎ B. Electronic books: a new trend ‎ C. A book group brings tradition back ‎ D. A website links people through books ‎ ‎ D Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's emails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories. ‎ ‎“The ‘if it bleeds' rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how ‎ you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”‎ Researchers analyzing wordofmouth communication—emails, Web posts and reviews, facetoface conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most emailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.‎ Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.‎ ‎15. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. Sad stories travel far and wide B．Online news attracts more people C. Reading habits change with the times D. Good news beats bad on social networks ‎【高考预测】‎ 纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2017年全国高考试题还会 ‎①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数0.7。‎ ‎②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题1题左右。‎ ‎【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点　‎ 考点一 精确归纳标题 ‎【例1】【河南省中原名校豫南九校2017届高三上学期第四次质量考评】‎ From gobbling(狼吞虎咽）down turkey to spending time with family to watching football, Thanksgiving is filled with traditions. But one of the most popular-pulling the wishbone—dates back centuries. ‎ ‎ The upside-down VT shaped bone is actualy called the furcula. It is a bone located between a turkey’s neck and its breast. Furcula means “little fork” in Latin. All birds have a wishbone.‎ ‎ At Thanksgiving, the tradition is for two people to hold one end of the bone, make a wish，and then tug(用力拉). The winner is the person who ends up with the bigger piece. If you believe the legend, the winner's wish will come true.‎ ‎ The practice of making a wish on a bird’s furcula dates back to the ancient Etruscans, a people who lived in what is today northern Italy. They believed birds were powerful and divine (非凡的）creatures. After killing a chicken, an Etruscan would leave the wishbone in the sun to dry. Passersby would pick it up, stroke it for good luck， and make a wish- That is how the furcula got the name “wishbone, ”‎ The Etruscans passed the ritua (仪式）along to the Romans. Soon，the practice of making a wish on a chicken's furcula became popular in ancient Rome* According to legend，it was so widespread that there weren't enough chickens or wishbones to go around So the Romans began breaking the wishbone in two. Now, twice as many people could make wishes.‎ ‎ Then the English picked up the tradition. In the 16th century, English settlers brought the practice to the New World There, they found an abundance of wild turkeys. So they starting using a turkey furcula for their wishes. Today a wishbone tug-of-war is as much a part of Thanksgiving as is gobbling down turkey.‎ ‎24.What is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Turkey Tug-of-War B. A Lucky Turkey C. The New World D.The Stories of Thanksgiving 规律方法1： 如何精确归纳标题？‎ ‎1、利用主题段来概括标题 主题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语——文章的标题。‎ ‎2、利用主题句来概括标题 解题的关键是要抓住每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。‎ 做此类题时，要避免以下三种错误：‎ ‎(1)概括不够(多表现为部分替代整体，从而缩小了范围)；‎ ‎ (2)过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围)；‎ ‎(3)以事实、细节替代文章大意。‎ ‎【变式精练】 【安徽省“皖南八校”2017届高三第二次联考（12月）】Back in the 1860s, a British scientist named Henry Walter Bates noticed something interesting in the animal world: a kind of butterfly, Common Mormon, can change the pattern on its wings so that it looks like another butterfly species, the Common Rose, which is poisonous for birds to eat.‎ ‎ Bates argued that animals develop this ability to protect themselves from being eaten. This theory had been widely accepted by scientists. But one question remains: how do these animals manage to do that?‎ ‎ After more than 150 years, scientists are finally able to answer that question-it is all down to a gene (基因) called “doublesex", according to a study published on March 6 in the journal Nature.‎ ‎ In fact, scientists have long known that genes are responsible for this useful ability. But until the new study, scientists hadn't been able to find out which genes in particular were responsible.‎ ‎ Scientists at the University of Chicago compared the genetic structures of the Common Mormons that changed their wing patterns with those of ones that did not. And all the results pointed to a single gene, “doublesex”.‎ ‎ This was much to the scientists' surprise. They used to expect that something as complex as this would be controlled by many different genes. For example, one gene would control the color of the upper part of the wing, one would do so for the lower part.‎ ‎ However, the “doublesex” gene doesn't quite do everything by itself. Instead, it acts like a switch-it “tells” other genes to change the wing patterns. Isn't that clever?‎ ‎ Scientists believe that this special ability of the “doublesex” gene on Common Mormon was developed throughout the long history of evolution. “The harmless species gains an advantage by resembling something predators (捕食者) avoid,” Sean Carroll, a scientist told Nature. “it was obvious evidence for natural selection. ”‎ ‎35. What is the best title of this passage?‎ ‎ A. How Common Mormons stay safe ‎ B. How butterflies changed wings' pattern ‎ C. What American scientists discovered D. What genetic structures of butterflies have ‎【名师点睛】‎ 选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属主旨大意题，是深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。所谓概括性，就是指标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题。针对性是对标题外延的一种界定，标题要直接指向文章的主要特点。而醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。常见的命题形式有：The best title for the text would be... / What can be the best title for this text? / Which of the following can be the best title for the text? 等。以下是此类题目的基本解题思路。‎ ‎1、确定最佳标题的方法 在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。‎ ‎2、寻找文章的主题句 了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句．‎ ‎3、概括文章的主题 要把握文章主旨，就必须根据具体的语言环境、陈述内容的逻辑关系（文章的结构）、上下文的连贯意思及文中有关暗示来理解文章的深层含义。‎ ‎4、逆向思维法 针对这类题型，考生不妨思考一下，“‎ 如果我是作者，遇到这样的标题，文章应该怎样写？”‎ ‎5、整体把握文章，不被细节迷惑 标题实际上是文章主题的一种确认方式。要准确地把握文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文。好些文章的主题句并不明显，需要我们仔细体会字里行间的意思，了解文章的背景知识、文章结构，推断作者意图或态度，从整体上把握文章的主旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置，主次不分，要排除干扰项的干扰，选出正确的答案。有些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要为局部现象（即细节）迷惑，而忽略了文章的整体思想。有的文章一开始就亮出主题，全文随着主题而展开。‎ 考点二 概括文章大意 ‎【例2】【湖南省株洲市2017届高三上学期教学质量检测（一）】‎ ‎ For every cup of coffee you made, about two spoons of grounds end up in the waste. That doesn’t seem like a lot, but just think about the millions of coffees consumed around the world every single day, and you’ll see the problem. Sure, some of those coffee grounds are recycled as fertilizer to enrich the soil or beauty products like face masks, but most will be buried into the ground. It was while considering this issue that German product designer Julian Lechner came up with a new way of recycling coffee grounds – turning them into tableware.‎ ‎ “We were always drinking coffee at university,” Lechner remembers. “And that’s how I started to wonder. What happens to all that coffee? It was all just getting thrown away.” He began consulting with his professors about ways of using coffee grounds to create a solid material.‎ ‎ “We tried combining with a lot of different things,” Lechner said, “We even tried sugar. That was close, but basically it was a candy cup. It just kept melting after being used three times.” The whole point was to make it last long, so Lechner and his partners went back to the institute to continue their research. Finally, after many failed experiments, they came up with a mix of coffee grounds and a biopolymer( 生物高聚物 )that seemed to behave the way Lechner had expected it.‎ ‎ “The moment of knowing the cup would actually stand was super-exciting,” he ‎ recalls. “It was wonderful to drink that first coffee out of the cup. It proved to be totally worth the wait.” And his creation has proven commercially successful, which is just the icing on the cake. The coffee cups are now present in ten shops across Europe, and the company can hardly keep up with demand, regularly selling out of its stock online.‎ ‎ Lechner will soon launch a larger line of coffee grounds cups and also work on a travel mug. But those are just short-term plans, as Lechner hopes to one day use recycled coffee grounds to create all sort of useful stuff—like sheets and furniture in cafés and restaurants.‎ ‎31.What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. A new way of recycling coffee cups.‎ B. Commercial success from consuming coffee.‎ C. Recycling coffee grounds into stuff like coffee cups.‎ D. Different product designers of recycling coffee grounds.‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。做这类题时，考生应通读全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同时注意文章的主题句，因为主题句表达中心思想，其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)也是完全可能的。同时，主题词关键词也是非常重要的，有时候可以直接看出答案。主旨大意题的考查形式很多，如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。‎ 规律方法2：如何概括文章大意?‎ ‎1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。‎ ‎2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。‎ ‎【变式精练】【湖北省荆门市2017届高三元月调考】‎ ‎ Most penguins died after a huge iceberg grounded near their habitat in Antarctica，forcing them to make a long way to find food, scientists say in a newly published study. The B09B iceberg, measuring about 100 square kilometers, grounded in Commonwealth Bay in East Antarctica in December 2010, the researchers from Australia and New Zealand wrote in the “Antarctic Science” journal.‎ The Adelie penguin population at the bay’s Cape Denison was measured to be about 160,000 in February 2011 but by December 2013 it had decreased to about 10,000, they said. The iceberg’s grounding meant the penguins had to walk more than 60 kilometers to find food, preventing their breeding attempts, said the researchers from the University of New South Wales’ ( UNSW) Climate Change Research Centre and New Zealand’s West Penguin Trust.‎ ‎“The Cape Denison population could disappear completely within 20 years unless B09B relocates or the fast ice within the bay breaks out,”they wrote in the research published in. Fast ice is sea ice which forms and stays along the coast. During their survey in December 2013 , the researchers said “hundreds of abandoned eggs were noted, and the freeze-dried dead bodies of previous season’s little penguins lay everywhere on the ground.”‎ ‎“It’s strangely silent,”UNSW’s Chris Turney , who led the 2013 exploration , told the“Sydney Morning Herald Friday”.“The ones that we saw at Cape Denison were terribly low-spirited , almost unaware of your existence . The ones that are surviving are clearly struggling. They can hardly survive themselves , let alone give birth to the next generation. We saw lots of dead birds on the ground.”‎ In contrast, penguins living on the eastern edge of the bay just 8 kilometers from the fast ice edge were full of vigour, the scientists said. The researchers said the study had important influence on the wider East Antarctic if the current situation of increasing sea ice continued. Sea ice around Antarctica is increasing, in contrast to the Arctic where global warming is causing ice to melt and icebergs to decrease. Scientists believe the growth in Antarctic sea ice is likely to be driven by changes in wind and local conditions before long. ‎ ‎27. What’s the main idea of the passage ?‎ ‎ A. Global warming caused penguins’ death.‎ ‎ B. Iceberg harmed penguins’ life.‎ ‎ C. Penguins need more habitats.‎ ‎ D. Antarctic extreme weather caused penguins’ death.‎ 考点三 总结段落大意 ‎【例3】【湖南省株洲市2017届高三上学期教学质量检测（一）】‎ ‎ Breakthroughs in science and technology are paving the way for modern cities to support bigger populations. Now, we see the most exciting urban innovations to show you exactly how they’ll improve your city’s infrastr ucture(基础设施).‎ ‎ Lighting Up The Night ‎ Anthony Di Mari dreamed up an electric tree to help irrigate public parks and light them at night. These electric trees contain a special infill ( 填充物 )that collects water from rainfall. The water is then distributed through a shallow underground irrigation system with the help from the trees’ swaying movement. An electric motor turns energy from the waving of the artificial trees into electricity, which is used to light up the trees’ outer LEDs.‎ ‎ Thinking Outside The Box ‎ As more people flock to urban areas, city planners will need to get increasingly creative about how to satisfy residents’ health and transportation needs within decreasing available space. One way to achieve this is by updating infrastructure to support biking and walking by building suspended( 悬浮的 ) roundabouts like hovering in the Netherlands. By lifting bicycle and pedestrian traffic above busy roadways, cities can significantly decrease over-crowded traffic condition.‎ ‎ Waving Hello To Clean Energy ‎ Cities that don’t receive enough sunlight may find an attractive alternative in ‎ wave power. Since ocean waves rarely experience disruption( 中断 ), electric engines driven by their clockwork push-and-pull can reliably provide power throughout the year. Further, thanks to advances in wave power technology, engineers have been able to move wave power engines farther offshore, where the waves pack the most punch, making the engines extremely efficient. So in the future, heavily populated coastal cities may use wave to meet their energy needs.‎ ‎23. What does the author mainly tell us in the last paragraph?‎ A. The advantages of wave power. B. The ways to use wave power.‎ C. The future of wave power. D. The advances in wave power technology. ‎ 规律方法3：如何总结段落大意？‎ 段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主题句。‎ ‎【变式精练】（山西省山西大学附属中学2016届高三12月月考，第二节） ‎ What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? ___16____‎ We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. ____17___ Mental (done with the mind) exercise is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. ___18____ If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.‎ ‎ ___19____ According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a ‎ child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive (helpful) things to their children, such as “That was a very clever thing you did.” or “___20____”‎ A. A healthy body contributes to one’s intelligence.‎ B. Parents should also be careful with what they say to young children.‎ C. What people want to express is like this. ‎ D. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent.‎ E. These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.‎ F. It needs exercise.‎ G. You are such a smart child.‎ ‎【答案】19. B ‎【解析】段落大意题。根据下一句According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things.可知如果父母亲总是对孩子说他是傻子，孩子真的有可能变成傻子。也就是说父母亲要特别注意自己对孩子所说的话。故B正确。‎