【英语】北京市朝阳区2020届高三考前保温训练（一）试题__（解析版）

【英语】北京市朝阳区2020届高三考前保温训练（一）试题__（解析版）

北京市朝阳区2020届高三考前保温训练（一）英语试题 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）‎ 第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）‎ In the last seven days I have seen the pressure that the NHS is under. I have seen the personal courage not just of the doctors and nurses but of everyone, the cleaners, the ___1___(cook), the health care workers of every description-physios, radiographers ___2___have kept coming to work, kept putting themselves in harm's way, kept ___3___(risk) this deadly virus. It is thanks to that courage, that devotion, that duty and that love that our NHS has been unbeatable.‎ The Arctic Ocean in summer will very likely be ice free before 2050, at least temporally. The research team ___4___ (analyze) recent results from 40 different climate models. Using these models, the researchers considered the future evolution of Arctic sea ice cover in a scenario with high future CO2 emissions and little climate protection. As ___5___(expect), Arctic sea ice disappeared quickly in summer in these simulations.‎ However, the new study finds that Arctic summer sea ice also disappears occasionally if CO2 emissions are ___6___(rapid) reduced.‎ In order to understand___7___ bird brains changed, a team of 37 scientists used CT scan data to create endocasts(内腔)of hundreds of birds and dinosaurs, which the___8___(combine)with a large existing database of brain measurements from modern birds.‎ They then analyzed brain-body allometry (体形变). “There is no clear line ___9___the brains of advanced dinosaurs and primitive birds,”_____10_____(note) co-author Dr. Amy Balanoff of Johns Hopkins University." Birds like pigeons have the same brains sizes you would expect for a dinosaur of the same body size, and in fact some species like moa(恐鸟) have smaller-than-expected brains.”‎ ‎【答案】1. cooks 2. who 3. risking 4. has organized 5. expected 6. rapidly 7. how 8. combination 9. between 10. notes ‎【解析】‎ 此题是由三则故事组成的。第一则故事是英国首相鲍里斯治愈出院后的讲话。第二则是讲未来北冰洋的冰在夏天会消失。第三则讲的是探索鸟类的大脑是如何运作的。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查名词单复数。句意：不仅是医生和护士，是每一个个人，包括清洁工和厨师，还包括理疗师、放射师、药剂师等在内的各种类型的医疗工作者。他们不停地工作，始终把自己置于危险的境地。根据句子the cleaners, the ___1___ (cook), the health care workers可知，这里是并列结构，并且前后都使用了名词的复数。所以这里cook也应该用复数形式。故填cooks。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：不仅是医生和护士，是每一个个人，包括清洁工和厨师，还包括理疗师、放射师、药剂师等在内的各种类型的医疗工作者。他们不停地工作，始终把自己置于危险的境地。在这句话中先行词是workers工人。在定语从句里面，句子没有主语，所以先行词在句子中充当主语的成分，这里又是非限制性定语从句。故填who。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：不仅是医生和护士，是每一个个人，包括清洁工和厨师，还包括理疗师、放射师、药剂师等在内的各种类型的医疗工作者。他们不停地工作，始终把自己置于危险的境地。根据前文kept coming to work, kept putting themselves in harm's way,可知，这里需要使用keep doing，来进行并列。故填risking。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：这支研究团队通过对40个气候模型分析出了最近的研究成果。分析这个动作发生在过去，但是分析出来的结果对后面的研究起了影响。也就是说发生在过去对现在造成了影响，所以要用现在完成时。主语team又是单数。故填has organized。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查省略句。句意：正如预期那样，在这种刺激下北冰洋的冰在夏季会快速消失。这里应该是北冰洋里的冰，正如预期那样。冰和预期为被动关系，所以完整的句子as it is expected，it指代北冰洋里的冰，和主句的主语相同且谓语动词为be动词，则状语从句中的主语和be动词就可以省略。故填expected。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：如果二氧化碳的排放量可以迅速减少的话。这里表达的意思是排放迅速减少，迅速是来修饰减少的。而reduce又是动词词性，所以前面要用副词修饰。故填rapidly。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查宾语从句。句意：为了理解鸟类的大脑是如何转变的。在这里从句跟在understand后作宾语就是宾语从句。change做不及动词，宾语从句为主谓结构。这里作方式，要表示“如 何”这个含义。故填how。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：这里有一个关于各种现代鸟类大脑测量的数据库。空格前是定冠词the，空格后又是with所带的后置定语，所以空格应该填名词形式。故答案填combination。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：在高级恐龙的大脑和原始鸟类的大脑之间，并无太大的区别。在这里要表达的意思是“在……之间”。这里只有恐龙和鸟类两者，则为固定搭配between…and。故填between。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意来自Hopkins University大学的Amy教授这样说道。在这个段落里面都使用的是一般现在时。而这句话中并无明显的时间状语标志，则应该与整段话一致。教授说这句话是主动关系，且主语是单数。故填notes。‎ 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎ Just Being There Mark and Ivan ran from the school bus to Mark’s house. They had both tried out for the school soccer team, and the ___11___ were supposed to be online by now. Dropping their backpacks in the front hall, the boys raced to the ___12___. Mark logged into the school website. The list was up! Finding his ___13___ , Mark breathed a sigh of relief. “Our suffering is over,” he said.‎ Ivan didn’t ___14___, though. Mark turned to look at him. Ivan had a(n) ___15___ expression on his face.‎ Mark turned back to the computer and read every name on the list,___16___ for Ivan’s name.‎ Mark felt as if he had been hit in the stomach. “This isn’t ___17___,” he shouted. Ivan just sighed. “Let’s talk to the coaches. Maybe they’ll give you another ___18___,” Mark insisted.‎ Ivan just ___19___ his head. “If I didn’t make it, I didn’t make it.” Then he was ___20___, staring at the computer screen.‎ Oh, no, Mark thought. Was Ivan about to cry?‎ ‎“At least you can sleep in on Saturdays,” he ___21___ Ivan. “Right?”‎ No answer. Mark sighed. He wished he could___22___ people up the way Ivan could.‎ Even back in kindergarten, Ivan had known how to do it. On the first day of kindergarten, Mark had been homesick and began to cry during the break. The other kids ___23___around him. “Want to hear a funny joke?” “Try to ___24___!”After a while, they walked away. Only Ivan ___25___. He said, “I’ll just keep you company while you’re sad.” Minutes later, the two boys were playing happily.‎ ‎___26___ it now, Mark felt calmer. For a few minutes, he kept quiet. Then he said, “This must be really hard.”‎ Ivan finally ___27___ his eyes from the screen. He looked at Mark and nodded. “Yeah. It is.” The friends sat in ___28___for a while. Then Ivan took a deep breath, wiped his eyes and stood up. “Maybe we could shoot some hoops( 投 篮 ),” he suggested. “I’ll probably feel ___29___ when I beat you.” He smiled a little.‎ Mark stood up, too. “You mean when I beat you,” he said. Ivan laughed, and they headed outside. “Thanks,” said Ivan, nodding at Mark. “ ___30___. Thanks, Mark.”‎ ‎11. A. photos B. results C. songs D. films ‎12. A. book B. piano C. television D. computer ‎13. A. team B. match C. name D. plan ‎14. A. respond B. care C. agree D. listen ‎15. A. excited B. confused C. frightened D. amused ‎16. A. preparing B. asking C. searching D. waiting ‎17. A. fair B. funny C. direct D. popular ‎18. A. lesson B. chance C. example D. job ‎19. A. nodded B. shook C. turned D. raised ‎20. A. silent B. tired C. thankful D. pleased ‎21. A. blamed B. warned C. comforted D. promised ‎22. A. cheer B. keep C. wake D. lift ‎23. A. ran B. moved C. crowded D. jumped ‎24. A. talk B. shout C. play D. smile ‎25. A. changed B. understood C. hesitated D. remained ‎26. A. Evaluating B. Remembering C. Treasuring D. Managing ‎27. A. turned B. opened C. fixed D. widened ‎28. A. peace B. silence C. surprise D. satisfaction ‎29 A‎. safer B. weaker C. lonelier D. better ‎30. A. Seriously B. Honestly C. Hopefully D. Naturally ‎【答案】11. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A ‎【解析】‎ 本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲了两个小男孩Ivan和Mark的友谊的故事。Ivan在足球队选拔中落伍，好朋友Mark一直在身边安慰。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果现在应该在网上了。A. photos照片；B. results结果；C. songs歌曲；D. films电影。根据下文The list was up!可知，这里讲足球队的名单出来了。故此题选B。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个男孩冲到电脑面前。A. book书；B. piano钢琴；C. television电视；D. computer电脑。根据下文的website可知，是在网站上查询结果。故此题选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mark在找到自己名字后，如释重负。A. team队伍；B. match比赛；C. name名字；D. plan计划。通过上文的list可知，他们是在名单上找自己的名字。故此题选C。‎ ‎14题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是Ivan没有回应。A. respond回应；B. care在意；C. agree同意D. listen听。上一句说到Mark查到结果后对Ivan说话，这里用了转折，可知Ivan没有回应他。故此题选A。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ivan脸上流露出很疑惑的表情。A. excited激动的；B. confused 不解的；C. frightened害怕的；D. amused好笑的。根据下文可知Ivan 落选了，所以他对于这个结果很不解。故此题选B。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mark返回电脑屏幕前，浏览着名单想找到Ivan名字。A. preparing准备；B. asking要求；C. searching寻找；D. waiting等待。Ivan落选了，两个孩子都不相信，所以Mark再读名单，找寻Ivan的名字。故此题选C。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这不公平。A. fair公平的；B. funny有趣的；C. direct直接的；D. popular受欢迎的。这里讲到的是Mark对于挚友落选的看法， 他觉得好友没选上是不公平的。故此题选A。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们去找教练吧，让他给你再一次的机会。A. lesson课程；B. chance机会；C. example例子；D. job工作。Ivan落选，Mark希望教练可以重新考虑一下，给个机会。故此题选B。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ivan只是摇了摇头。A. nodded点头；B. shook摇头；C. turned变得；D. raised提出。通过Ivan说的话If I didn’t make it, I didn’t make it.可以知道，他是不赞成好友的说法的。故此题选B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此后Ivan沉默不言，只是盯着屏幕。A. silent沉默的；B. tired劳累的；C. thankful感激的；D. pleased高兴的。通过此句后半部分staring at可知，Ivan在对着屏幕发呆。故此题选A。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mark安慰道你至少星期天早上不用早起了。A. blamed责备；B. warned警告；C. comforted安慰；D. promised承诺。看着好友不高兴，Mark要来安慰一下。故此题选C。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他希望能像Ivan一样鼓舞人。A. cheer鼓舞；B. keep保持；C. wake醒来；D. lift举起。通过下文Mark在教室哭泣，Ivan来安慰他可知，Ivan会鼓舞别人。故此题选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他的孩子围了过来。A. ran跑；B. moved移动；C. crowded挤满；D. jumped跳。这里讲到Mark在教室里哭了起来，其他的小朋友都围过来安慰他，问他怎么了。故此题选C。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你想听笑话吗？快快笑起来吧。A. talk交谈；B. shout吼叫；C. play玩耍；D. smile微笑。前文讲到funny joke，所以是想让他笑起来。故此题选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有Ivan一个人留在那儿。A. changed改变；B. understood理解；C. hesitated犹豫；D. remained留下。根据文中walk away可知，其他孩子都走开了，只剩下了Ivan。故此题选D。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：记住了Ivan所说的话，Mark变得平静了一些。A. Evaluating评价；B. Remembering记住；C. Treasuring珍惜；D. Managing管理。上文Ivan说到I’ll just keep you company while you’re sad.在Mark不开心的时候，Ivan说会一致陪着他。所以Mark把这句话牢牢记住，心情就好了一些。故此题选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终Ivan将眼睛从屏幕上移开。A. turned转向；B. opened打开；C. fixed固定；D. widened变宽。通过下文He looked at Mark，可知没看屏幕了而去看了Mark。故答案选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析句意：两个人保持了一会沉默。A. peace和平；B. silence沉默；C. surprise惊讶；D. satisfaction满意。通过下文took a deep breath可知，两个人没有说话。故此题选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：如果我能打败你，我会好受一下。A. safer更安全；B. weaker更虚弱；C. lonelier更孤独；D. better更好。Ivan落选心情不好，这是他想出来缓解心情的办法，这样会让他心情好受一些。故此题选D。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：说真的，Mark谢谢你。A. Seriously严肃地；B. Honestly 诚实地；C. Hopefully有希望地；D. Naturally自然地。这里Ivan是真心想给Mark说声感谢。故此题选A。‎ 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）‎ 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A It’s both an exciting but frightening experience for parents the moment their teenager obtains a driver’s license. Here are some of the best and most recommended apps for teen drivers and for their parents’ peace of mind.‎ Safe Driver This app works by monitoring the position and the driving speed of your child. You can also set a speed limit. Whenever your child drives over this speed limit, an alert(警报)will be sent to your phone. Its only drawback is that it’s only effective when your child opens the app on their phone while driving.‎ Drive Safely If you’re scared of your teenagers’ tendencies to be on the phone while driving, this is a great app for them to use. Whenever a text message comes in, it’ll read the text message out loud. The driver needn’t take their hands off the wheel in order to check text messages on their phone. The user can even respond to the message via voice. ‎ Textecution This app locks a driver’s phone while he or she is driving, preventing the user from gaining access to any of the SMS functions of the phone. Parents can be alerted via the app’s website. For example, you’ll be sent an alert in the event that the driver has requested permission to access their phone’s messaging function. This function can only be activated if the driver is safely parked or in the event of an accident. If ever your child removes the application from their phone, parents can be informed, too.‎ Life 360‎ The initial purpose of this app is connecting family members together. Through the app, you can share your position with one another wherever you are. It provides real-time data for parents ‎ about position and driving speed. Parents can, therefore, feel safe and secure knowing that their child has reached their intended destination. The application can be turned off. But it’ll inform the members within the app that your child has disabled it.‎ ‎31. What can the app Safe Driver do?‎ A. Control the user’s driving speed.‎ B. Keep working even when it’s turned off.‎ C. Help teenagers develop good driving habits.‎ D. Alert parents to their children’s overspeed driving.‎ ‎32. Which app enables the user to receive and answer text messages easily while driving?‎ A. Safe Driver. B. Drive Safely. ‎ C. Textecution. D. Life 360.‎ ‎33. What do Textecution and Life 360 have in common?‎ A. They are intended to bring family members closer.‎ B. Teenagers can’t delete them without parents’ permission.‎ C. Parents can know if they stop working on teenagers' phones.‎ D. They offer parents real-time data about position and driving speed.‎ ‎【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款最好的和最受推荐的应用程序为青少年司机和他们的父母安心：Safe Driver，Drive Safely，Textecution和Life 360。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章Safe Driver部分内容“Whenever your child drives over this speed limit, an alert will be sent to your phone.”可知每当孩子开车超过这个速度限制，一个警告将发送到家长的手机。故选D项。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章Drive Safely部分内容“Whenever a text message comes in, it’ll read the text message out loud.”以及“The user can even respond to the message via voice.”可知，每当有短信进来，这款APP就会大声读出短信，用户甚至可以通过语音回复信息，因此可知，“Drive Safely”可以使用户可以在开车时轻松地接收和回复短信。故选B项。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章Textecution部分内容“If ever your child removes the application from their phone, parents can be informed, too. (如果你的孩子从手机上删除了这个应用程序，父母也可以被告知。)”和文章Life 360部分内容“The application can be turned off. But it'll inform the members within the app that your child has disabled it.( 该应用程序可以关闭，但它会通知应用程序内的成员，您的孩子禁用了它。)”可知，这两款应用软件的共同点在于如果孩子不再使用该软件，那么父母会被告知。故选C项 ‎【点睛】阅读理解之细节理解题 ‎ 考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。在做此类题目时可采用事寻读法，即：根据题干关键词定位原文内容，与选项进行对比分析，从而选出正确答案。比如文章第2小题：‎ ‎31. What can the app Safe Driver do? ‎ A. Control the user's driving speed. ‎ B. Keep working even when it’s turned off. ‎ C. Help teenagers develop good driving habits. ‎ D. Alert parents to their children’s overspeed driving.‎ 根据题干关键词“Safe Driver”定位，利用寻读法通读该部分内容，可知选项D. Alert parents to their children’s overspeed driving.( 提醒父母注意孩子超速驾驶。)与原文“Whenever your child drives over this speed limit, an alert will be sent to your phone.(每当你的孩子开车超过这个速度限制，你的手机就会收到一个警告。)”表达一致。因此D项为正确答案。‎ B A woman who illegally entered Yellowstone National Parkon May 12 has suffered burns after accidentally falling into a thermal feature (热景观) near its Old Faithful Geyser, officials said. The park has been closed to all visitors since March 24 due to safety precautions amid the coronavirus pandemic(新冠病毒大流行).“Water in hot springs can cause severe or fatal burns, and hot water underlies most of the thin, breakable surface around hot springs,” the park advises on its website. “Hot springs have injured or killed more people in Yellowstone than any other natural feature.”The woman, who is yet to be identified, was backing up while taking photos ‎ near the famous tourist attraction and fell into a hot spring or hole where hot gases emerge, according to park spokeswoman Linda Veress. Even with her injuries, she managed to hop back in her vehicle and drive about 50 miles until park guards stopped her. She was then sent to a burn center at a hospital in Idaho.‎ Visitors are advised to stay on the boardwalks near Yellowstone’s often boiling or acidic thermal features, which include geysers, hot springs, steam vents, and mud pots. This year, two tourists were sentenced to 10 days in prison for trespassing at the hot spring last September after they were caught walking “dangerously close” to the spout of the legendary geyser ( 间 歇 泉 ) without permission and taking photos on their cellphones.‎ ‎“Thermal area safety is an extremely important part of any trip to Yellowstone. We ask visitors to take the Yellowstone Promise before coming to the park and to read the park visitor guide for more information on safety, rules, and regulations,” a spokesperson said following the incident last year. At times, tourists have taken risks off the designated walkways before being injured or killed. Last fall, a man who was walking off a boardwalk near Old Faithful at night fell into a hot spring, suffering serious burns. Back in June, a 23-year-old Oregon resident fell into a superheated, acidic mud pot and died. His remains couldn't be recovered.‎ Yellowstone is announcing plans for a phased reopening on May 13.The incident remains under investigation, Veress said.‎ ‎34. What is true about the woman mentioned in Paragraph 1?‎ A. We don’t know who she is.‎ B. She’s good at taking photos.‎ C. She drove to hospital after being injured.‎ D. She died in Yellowstone National Parkon Tuesday.‎ ‎35. What does the underlined word “trespassing” mean?‎ A. damaging B. taking photos C. entering without permission D. drinking water from hot spring ‎36. What should you do when visiting Yellowstone National Park?‎ A. Have a camera and take photos. B. Don’t go to hot spring area.‎ C. Follow visitor guide and be careful. D. Don’t take the walkways.‎ ‎37. What can we learn about Yellowstone National Park ?‎ A. Visitors get injured or killed by hot spring the most.‎ B. It’s dangerous for visitors to take photos in the park.‎ C. Yellowstone National Park is the most famous one in the US.‎ D. Visitors will be allowed to enter the park at the end of the year.‎ ‎【答案】34. A 35. C 36. C 37. A ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一名女子非法进入黄石国家公园中，最终落入温泉中被烧伤。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第一段内容“The woman, who is yet to be identified, was backing up while taking photos near the famous tourist attraction and fell into a hot spring or hole where hot gases emerge, according to park spokeswoman Linda Veress.”据公园发言人琳达·维里斯说，这名身份尚未得到确认的女子当时正在著名的旅游景点附近倒车拍照，结果掉进了一个冒出热气温泉或洞穴。可知，关于第一段提到的那个女人，我们不知道她是谁。故选A项。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。由第二段“Visitors are advised to stay on the boardwalks…”游客们被建议呆在黄石公园附近的木板路上……和“they were caught walking “dangerously close” to the spout of the legendary geyser (间歇泉) without permission and taking photos on their cellphones.”他们被发现，在未经许可的情况下过分的走近传奇的间歇泉的喷口并且用手机拍照。可知，走近间歇泉是不被允许的，会被惩罚，可以推断两名游客被判处入狱10天的是因为侵入温泉，故“trespassing”的含义是未经许可进入。故选C项。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第三段“We ask visitors to take the Yellowstone Promise before coming to the park and to read the park visitor guide for more information on safety, rules, and regulations,”我们要求游客在来公园之前遵守黄石承诺，并阅读公园游客指南，获取更多关于安全、规则和规定的信息。可知，当我们参观黄石国家公园时,要遵循游客指南，要小心谨慎。故选C项。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 细节理解题。由第一段“Hot springs have injured or killed more people in Yellowstone than any other natural feature.”‎ 黄石公园温泉造成的伤亡人数比其他任何自然景观都要多。可以推断，在黄石国家公园中，游客因温泉受伤或死亡最多。故选A项。‎ ‎【点睛】细节理解题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。多数情况下，作者不会明确的呈现一个事实，读者需要根据已有的信息进行处理，读出言外之意。还要特别注意文章的时间顺序、故事发生的地点、情节的发展和人物之间的关系。例如，第2题文章中游客们被建议呆在黄石公园附近的木板路，并且两名游客在未经许可的情况下过分的走近传奇的间歇泉的喷口。可知，两名游客被判处入狱10天的是因为侵入温泉，故“trespassing”的含义是未经许可进入。故选C项。‎ C Atlantic puffins (海雀) spend most of their life at sea. When it's time to lay eggs, the birds gather on seaside cliffs. They dig into the ground to build nests. After a chick was born, it spends six weeks in the nest, feasting on fish supplied by its parents. Then the young bird must look after itself. It leaves the nest and flies to the sea.‎ But on Heimaey, an island off the coast of Iceland, human-made objects have disrupted the chicks’ trip to the ocean. Luckily, they are getting help from the children of Heimaey.‎ Instinct tells chicks to follow the light of the moon to the sea, but they are confused by Heimaey’s bright lights. Each year, a large number of them end up lost, or worse. Often, the birds are hit by cars or caught and eaten by cats.‎ Each breeding season, the children of Heimaey form search parties. They carry flashlights and cardboard boxes. “When you see a bird, you try to corner it and herd it into the box,” said Eldur Hansen. Eldur is 14 and he has caught several puffins this way. Each year, they rescue thousands of chicks. Children take rescued birds home. The next morning, they take them to the beach for release.‎ Before releasing the chicks, the children make a stop at the local aquarium, where the birds are weighed and tagged for tracking purposes. This helps scientists learn more about puffins.‎ Atlantic puffins are now listed as a rare species. That means they are likely to become endangered. The main reason is that the ocean’s supply of small fish is diminishing. This is tied to overfishing and rising ocean temperatures.‎ Erpur Hansen, Eldur Hansen’s dad, is with the South Iceland Nature Research Center. He said the children’s action was more important than ever. Thanks to data gathered with the ‎ children’s help, researchers have learned that chicks now weigh less than in previous years. That means they have a lower chance of survival. Researchers worry that puffins will die out if ocean temperatures continue to rise, but the children’s rescue inspires them.‎ ‎38. What will a mother puffin do after a chick was born?‎ A. Catch fish to feed the chick. ‎ B. Stay in the nest for six weeks.‎ C. Leave the nest and fly to the sea alone. ‎ D. Lead the chick back to the sea at once.‎ ‎39. What may disturb the chicks’ sense of direction on their way to the sea?‎ A. The cars. B. The children. ‎ C. The animals. D. The lights.‎ ‎40. What does the underlined word “diminishing” in Paragraph 6 mean?‎ A. Changing. B. Decreasing. ‎ C. Accumulating. D. Abandoning.‎ ‎41. How do the researchers compare the chicks’ weight?‎ A. Getting information from the library. ‎ B. Researching the colors of the chicks.‎ C. Studying the data collected by the children. ‎ D. Weighing the chicks adopted at the local aquarium.‎ ‎【答案】38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大西洋海雀这种动物，介绍了其生活习性、面临的困境，以及人们为了保护这种鸟类所采取的一些措施。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中After a chick was born, it spends six weeks in the nest, feasting on fish supplied by its parents. Then the young bird must look after itself.可知小海雀出生后，会在巢里呆上6周，以父母提供的鱼为食。然后小鸟必须自己照顾自己。由此可推知，幼崽出生后，海雀妈妈会抓鱼喂小海雀。故选A。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中Instinct tells chicks to follow the light of the moon to the sea,‎ ‎ but they are confused by Heimaey’s bright lights.可知小企鹅的本能告诉它们要跟着月光到海里去，但它们被Heimaey的亮光弄糊涂了。由此可知，在去海边的路上，灯光会干扰小海雀的方向感。故选D。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据上文Atlantic puffins are now listed as a rare species. That means they are likely to become endangered. The main reason is that the ocean’s supply of small fish is可知大西洋海雀现在被列为稀有物种。这意味着它们可能会成为濒危物种。主要原因是海洋中小鱼的供应正在减少。由此可知，划线单词diminishing意思为“减少”。A. Changing.改变；B. Decreasing.减少；C. Accumulating.积累；D. Abandoning.放弃。故选B。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Thanks to data gathered with the children’s help, researchers have learned that chicks now weigh less than in previous years.可知多亏了在孩子们的帮助下收集的数据，研究人员发现现在的雏鸟比前几年体重要轻。由此可知，研究人员通过研究孩子们收集的数据来比较雏鸟的体重的。故选C。‎ D The recent world chess championship saw Magnus Carlsen defend his title against Fabiano Caruana. But it was not a contest between the two strongest chess players on the planet, only the strongest humans. Soon after Garry Kasparov, the former world chess champion, lost his re-match against IBM’s Deep Blue in 1997, the short window of human-machine chess competition was shut forever. Unlike humans, machines keep getting faster, and today a smartphone chess app can be stronger than Deep Blue.‎ In the late 19th century, Alfred Binet hoped that understanding why certain people stood out at chess would unlock secrets of human thought. Sixty years later, Alan Turing wondered whether this sort of ability represents an essential difference between the potentialities of the machine and the mind. Much as airplanes don’t flap their wings like birds, machines don’t generate chess moves like humans do. Early programs that attempted it were weak.‎ But now things are different. Based on a common game-playing algorithm(算法), AlphaZero incorporates deep learning and other AI techniques to play against itself to generate its own chess knowledge. AlphaZerostarts out knowing only the rules of chess, ‎ ‎ with no inserted human strategies(策略). In just a few hours, it plays more games against itself than have been recorded in human chess history. It teaches itself the best way to play, reevaluating such fundamental concepts as the relative values of the pieces.It quickly becomes strong enough to defeat the best chess-players in the world, winning 28, drawing 72, and losing none in a victory over Stockfish, one of the strongest chess engines.‎ The conventional wisdom is that machines would approach perfection with endlessstrategies, usually leading to drawn games. But AlphaZero prefers positions that look risky and aggressive, and it programs itself, which allows it to outclass the world’s top traditional program despite calculating far fewer positions per second. It’s the example of the cliché, “work smarter, not harder.”‎ AlphaZero shows us that machines can be the experts, not merely expert tools. It’s not going to put chess coaches out of business just yet. But the knowledge it generates is information we can all learn from. AlphaZero is surpassing us in a profound and useful way.‎ Machine learning systems aren’t perfect, even at a closed system like chess. There will be cases where an AI will fail to detect exceptions to their rules. Therefore, we must work together, to combine our strengths. Instead of being angry against them, it’s better if we’re all on the same side.‎ ‎42. According to the passage, Alan Turing might agree that .‎ A. airplanes can be as good as birds.‎ B. the unlocked secrets of human thought are powerful.‎ C. machines are better than human in generating chess moves.‎ D. the potentialities of the human mind are better than that of the machine.‎ ‎43. How is AlphaZero different from other machines?‎ A AlphaZero have AI techniques.‎ B. AlphaZero can defeat the best chess players.‎ C. AlphaZero can play more games more quickly.‎ D. AlphaZero can generate its own chess knowledge.‎ ‎44. What does the underlined word “outclass” in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A. Become B. Beat ‎ C. Leave D. Distinguish ‎45. The author argues in the last two paragraphs that .‎ A. machine learning in chess is perfect.‎ B. human chess coaches are not needed yet.‎ C. AI will be learning to challenge their rules.‎ D. humans and AI can work together to advance.‎ ‎【答案】42. D 43. D 44. B 45. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章以Alpha Zero为例介绍了人工智能的发展以及我们应该对人工智能所采取的正确态度。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章第二段Sixty years later, Alan Turing wondered whether this sort of ability represents an essential difference between the potentialities of the machine and the mind. Much as airplanes don’t flap their wings like birds, machines don’t generate chess moves like humans do. Early programs that attempted it were weak（60年后，Alan Turing想知道，这种能力是否代表了机器和大脑之间的潜能的本质区别。就像飞机不会像鸟类那样扇动翅膀一样，机器也不会像人类那样做出象棋走法。早期尝试过这种做法的项目很薄弱）可知，机器无法像人类一样走出象棋的走法的，人类大脑的潜力优越于机器。故选D项。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章第三段But now things are different. Based on a common game-playing algorithm, Alpha Zero incorporates deep learning and other AI techniques to play against itself to generate its own chess knowledge. Alpha Zero starts out knowing only the rules of chess, with no inserted human strategies（但现在情况不同了。基于一个共同的游戏算法,Alpha Zero包含深度学习和其他人工智能技术来生成自己的象棋比赛本身的知识。Alpha Zero开始只知道国际象棋的规则,没有插入人类策略）可知，Alpha Zero可生成自己对象棋比赛本身的知识。故选D项。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。前句提到“Alpha Zero喜欢有风险和侵略性的位置，而且还能自己编程”。因此可以推出，集合以上这些优势Alpha Zero可以轻松“打败”世界上最顶尖的传统程序。“outclass”意思是打败，故选B项。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段Machine learning systems aren’t perfect, even at a closed system like chess. There will be cases where an AI will fail to detect exceptions to their rules. Therefore, we must work together, to combine our strengths. Instead of being angry against them, it’s better if we’re all on the same side（机器学习系统并不完美，即使是在像国际象棋这样的封闭系统中。在某些情况下，AI将无法检测到规则中的异常。因此，我们必须共同努力，结合我们的力量。与其对它们生气，不如我们都站在同一边）可知，作者在最后两段论述了人类和人工智能可以共同进步。故选D项。‎ 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 ‎ Suppose you were promised $1,440 each day that comes to $‎525,600 a year. That could never be reduced or changed in your whole life. Sounds great, doesn’t it? Actually, we all do get ‎1,440 a day—but in minutes, not dollars. ___46___ It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time.‎ Many of the management practices that help people make good use of their money can also be applied to your “time currency”. But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? ___47___‎ Find out where your time is going now. Write down everything you do in a day. Include work, study, cooking and meals, cleaning and household maintenance, sleep, family time and mindless activities such as watching TV and getting lost in social media.‎ ‎___48___ Ten minutes of planning can save you an hour of time and helps stretch the time you have, and you’ll see pockets of time you can use for things you want to do. “Once people have a clear picture, they actually do have a lot more time than they realize.” Clark, the founder of the Purposeful Planner says.‎ You can also set limits. Use kitchen timers, phone reminders, apps or other timing devices to stay focused and work more productively, suggests Janine Adams, certified professional organizer of Peace of Mind Organizing.‎ ‎___49___ When you have missions to run, instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them—visit all ‎ three stores in one trip. It’s more efficient to finish “little one-off” tasks together rather than deal with one at a time throughout the day.‎ At the end of the day, week, month and year, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. You’ll see where you could do better and where you’ve completed what you set out to do. Booren compares this progress check to reviewing your annual “financial statement”.‎ ‎___50___ Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural.” Booren says.‎ A. Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar.‎ B. Time is one of the most precious and limited resources for people.‎ C. Grouping small tasks into one job proves to be helpful in daily practice.‎ D. The most important tasks are not always the same as the most pressing tasks.‎ E. Focus on what you’re doing and avoid having to repeat the same process twice.‎ F. Invest a few minutes at the beginning of each day or week to plan and organize.‎ G. Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow.‎ ‎【答案】46. B 47. A 48. F 49. C 50. G ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要提出了让你成为优秀的时间管理者的建议。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 根据下文It’s possible to get more money, but you can’t make more time. 可以赚更多的钱，但是你不能赚更多的时间。由此可知，时间对人们来说是最宝贵和有限的资源之一。故选项B（Time is one of the most precious and limited resources for people）承接上文，符合题意。故选B。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 根据上文Many of the management practices that help people make good use of their money can also be applied to your “time currency”. But the question is, are you a good manager of your time? 许多帮助人们充分利用他们的钱的管理实践也可以应用到你的“时间货币”上。但问题是，你是一个好的时间管理者吗？以及下文的几条建议可知，A项（Try these simple steps to take control of your clock and calendar.）尝试这些简单的步骤来控制你的时钟和日历。承上启下，符合题意。故选A。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 根据下文Ten minutes of planning can save you an hour of time and helps stretch the ‎ ‎ time you have, and you’ll see pockets of time you can use for things you want to do. 十分钟的计划可以为你节省一个小时的时间，并帮助你延长你的时间，你会发现你可以用这些时间来做你想做的事情。故此段主要讲述的是要有计划。故F项（Invest a few minutes at the beginning of each day or week to plan and organize）在每天或每周的开始，花几分钟时间来计划和组织。承接下文，符合题意。故选F。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 根据下文When you have missions to run, instead of making three separate trips on three different days to buy groceries, office supplies or home store products, integrate them—visit all three stores in one trip. It’s more efficient to finish “little one-off” tasks together rather than deal with one at a time throughout the day. 你有任务要执行时，不要在三天内分三次去购买杂货、办公用品或家居用品，而是将它们整合在一起——在一次行程中访问所有三家商店。一起完成“一次性的小任务”比一天一次只做一件事效率更高。由此可知，本段主要讲述把小任务整合在一起做。故C项（Grouping small tasks into one job proves to be helpful in daily practice.）把小任务分成一份工作在日常实践中是很有帮助的。承接下文，符合题意。故选C。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 根据上文At the end of the day, week, month and year, take a look at how well you’ve managed your time. You’ll see where you could do better and where you’ve completed what you set out to do. 在一天、一周、一个月、一年结束的时候，看看你是如何管理你的时间的。你会看到哪里你可以做得更好，哪里你已经完成了你开始做的事情。以及下文Do that over and over and “it forms habit and becomes natural. 反复这样做，就会形成习惯，变得自然。故G项（Take time each day to reflect on your achievements and set goals for tomorrow）每天花点时间反思自己的成就，为明天设定目标。承上启下，符合题意。故选G。‎ 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） ‎ 第一节（15 分）‎ ‎51.假定你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友 Jim 得知你即将参加高考，来信关心你，请给他回信，内容包括:‎ ‎1.你的学习安排；‎ ‎2.你的心情状况；‎ ‎3.感谢他的关心。‎ Dear Jim,‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours,‎ LiHua ‎【答案】Dear Jim,‎ I am very glad to receive your letter. Thank you for your support for my college entrance examination.Now let me tell you about my preparation for the exam.‎ As for my study, first of all, I have carefully reviewed the basic knowledge of each subject.After that, I want to go over a few more rounds to consolidate my knowledge.As for my mood, I am both nervous and excited.When taking my exam seriously, I am full of hope for the future. I hope I can get a good result in the exam.‎ Thank you again for your concern and wish you a happy day.‎ Yours,‎ LiHua ‎【分析】‎ 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，表达对朋友的感谢并解释自身的高考准备情况。‎ ‎【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主。‎ 结构：总分法 ‎   总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。‎ 要求：1.表达感谢 ‎ 2.解释自身相关情况 ‎ 1）学习安排（Introduce study schedule）‎ ‎ 2）心情状况（Mood state）‎ ‎ 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）‎ be glad to; receive your letter; support; college entrance examination; tell sb about; preparation; First of all; As for; review; the basic knowledge of; subject; After that; go over; consolidate; mood; nervous; excited; be full of; get a good result.‎ 第三步：连词成句 ‎1.I am very glad to receive your letter.‎ ‎2.Thank you for your support for my college entrance examination.‎ ‎3. let me tell you about my preparation for the exam.‎ ‎4. I have carefully reviewed the basic knowledge of each subject.‎ ‎5. I want to go over a few more rounds to consolidate my knowledge.‎ ‎6. While taking my exam seriously, I am full of hope for the future.‎ ‎7. I hope I can get a good result in the exam.‎ ‎8. Thank you again for your concern and wish you a happy day.‎ 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。‎ 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）‎ ‎1.表文章结构顺序：First of all，Firstly/First，Secondly/Second，And then，Finally，In the end，At last；‎ ‎2.表并列补充关系：What is more，Besides，Moreover，Furthermore，In addition，As well as，not only…but (also)，including；‎ ‎3.表转折对比关系：Howeve，On the contrary，but，Although+clause(从句)，In spite of+n/doing，On the one hand…On the other hand…，Some，while others…，as for，so…that…； ‎ ‎4.表因果关系：Because，As，So，Thus，Therefore，As a result。‎ 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。‎ 第五步：润色修改 ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。使用了复合句“When taking my exam seriously, I am full of hope for the future.”when 引导的时间状语从句。that引导的宾语从句I hope I can get a good result in the exam.也使用了一些固定词组，如be glad to，go over，be full ‎ of等。使用表文章结构顺序的关系词，使文章更加通顺合理。如First of all,，After that等。‎ 第二节（20 分） ‎ ‎52.假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华。上周，你和同学参加了学校举办的“创新设计”活动，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，记述你们设计声控垃圾桶的整个过程，并以“A Memorable Activity”为题，给校刊“英语园地”写一篇英文稿件。词数不少于 60。‎ 提示词：创新设计 Innovation Design ‎ 声控垃圾桶 voice-controlled trash bin ‎【答案】A Memorable Activity Last week there was an Innovation Design activity in our school. ‎ On Monday afternoon, my classmates and I had a discussion and we decided to make a voice-controlled trash bin to take part in the activity. During the following days we made full preparations after class. Firstly, we did some research work on the Internet. Then, according to the design, we bought necessary materials and began to work on it. Although it was really a hard job, we all did it with great enthusiasm. Two days later, a voice-controlled trash bin was born. On Friday afternoon, our production won the competition.‎ We were really satisfied and felt proud of ourselves. What an exciting experience!‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇图画类写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华。上周，你和同学参加了学校举办的“创新设计”活动，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，记述你们设计声控垃圾桶的整个过程，并以“A Memorable Activity”为题，给校刊“英语园地”写一篇英文稿件。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：Innovation Design (创新设计)；voice-controlled trash bin (声控垃圾桶)；make full preparations (做充分准备)；according to (根据)；with great enthusiasm (带着热情)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般过去时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Although it was really a hard job, we all did it with great enthusiasm.运用了让步状语从句；What an exciting experience!运用了感叹句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎