专题53图表类书面表达-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员

专题53图表类书面表达-2017年高考英语二轮核心考点总动员

专题 53 图表类书面表达 关键词：图表类,汉语提示,书面表达 难度系数：✱✱✱✱ 推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱‎ ‎【基础回顾】‎ 考点归纳：‎ ‎ 图表式作文在高考这出现的机会较小。尽管如此，我们还是应对此类作文予以重视，因为图表式作文是通过提供的一组或几组数据来反映某个趋势或某一问题、现象。要求考生图表中的相关数据进行描述、分析和评论，并得出合乎逻辑的结论。它是将数据、形象信息转换为文字信息的过程，此类作文最能考查考生逻辑推理的能力。‎ 图表作文命题常用的形式：①数据表格：矩形的竖行和横行进行排列的表格，它反映的是多种事物的相互关系；②饼状图：它用来表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系；③柱状图：它用来表示几种事物的变化情况及相互关系；④曲线图：它常用来表示事物的变化趋势；⑤混合式：既有柱形图又有饼状图或表格或曲线图等。‎ 基础必读：‎ ‎ 图表式作文的写作必读 第一步 审题 图表类作文的审题与其他类型的作文相比难度较大，主要表现在考生不易准确、全面地把握图表显示的信息。因此要通过审题抓住主要数据反映的主要问题即所要表达的要点；通过审题确立表达时所要用的时态：特定时间用过去时；经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般现在时。‎ 第二步谋篇 做图表类书面表达时，常采用三段式的谋篇方法：‎ Para1概述图表所反映的信息；‎ Para2分析现象产生的原因或根据题中所提供的原因进行叙述；]‎ Para3展望未来或提出问题的方法、建议或希望。‎ 第三步 表达 ‎ ‎1.概述图表所反映的信息时要注意就图表中那些最有代表性、规律性的数字，或 ‎ 变化大的数字进行重点阐述。尽量避免简单罗列数据，报流水账；2.善于抓住总的规律、趋势对现象产生到的原因利用合理想象来进行分析或据题中所提供的原因进行叙述。如利用数据进行有力的论证；3.展望未来或提出解决问题的方法、建议或希望时要紧紧围绕主题去展开。切忌游离主题而任意发挥；4.适当运用高级词汇并灵活运用图表类写作常用的经典句型。‎ 图表式作文的描述方法 第一种情况：横向对比。描述这种图表需要对比各种数据间的差别，主要以数值、倍数、排列等方式来描述。‎ 常用句型：‎ ‎①A department has the lowest sales figure in the three departments, followed by the B department and C department.‎ ‎②The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B.]‎ ‎③The income from sales is 10 million，making the company the highest one in sales.‎ ‎④The A’s income reaches 20 million，which is in the middle of the list.‎ 第二种情况：纵向说明。只要指出不同单位之间的比较，描述如何增减，增减幅度如何，反映出什么问题，就可以了。]‎ 描述这样的图表时，可用以下词汇和句型：‎ ‎①The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in June.]]‎ ‎②The trend/increase slowed down in May.‎ ‎③The trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January. (开始走强)]‎ ‎④Prices went up by 50%， but the number of smokers maintained.‎ ‎⑤It picked up speed at the end of this year.‎ 常用词汇及表达法：increase，decrease，rise，fall，slow down，level off，pick up speed，maintain，drop，the trend reverses，decline，gain/lose momentum, a steady/ substantial(实质性的)increase，a minor/slight/dramatic drop。‎ 第三种情况：纵向、横向均有的说明。这种图表不仅要注意同一事物的变化趋势，也要注意不同事物之间的差距及变化。‎ 表示百分比常用句型：‎ ‎①It accounts for 30% of the total population.‎ ‎②There are 4 members with master’s degrees, making up nearly a quarter of the workforce.‎ ‎③Doctors make up 40% of the staff in the hospital.‎ 表示增长率的常用句型：‎ ‎①The figure of income increased by about 200% as compared with ten years ago.‎ ‎②The number of students has reached 200, indicating a rise of 4%,compared to last year.]‎ ‎【技能方法】‎ ‎1.以题目中的要求为指导，审慎解读图表，准确把握图表传递的信息。‎ ‎2.表格图形要求对大量数字进行分析，找出其变化规律。‎ ‎3.曲线图形要求观察曲线变化规律，一般找出它发展的几个点（如最高点、最低点和平稳点），以此说明问题。‎ ‎4.柱形图要注意柱形的高度，并由此判断事物的动态发展趋势。‎ ‎5.饼状图应弄清部分与整体、部分与部分之间的相互关系。这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。]‎ ‎6.对所给出的所有数据信息切忌逐一叙述，以防主次不分或重点不突出。‎ ‎【基础达标】‎ ‎ 假定你是李华，计划寒假找份兼职工作。下面的招聘广告引起了你的注意，请根据要点（箭头所指内容）写一封申请信。‎ Yes. I’m interested.‎ ‎ ‎ Winter Jobs self-introduction ‎(personality, fluency in English,…)‎ Could you be an ASSISTANT TEACHER for ‎ Children’s winter camp No problem ‎ Excellent pay for working with children I can start working from…‎ ‎ Work with native teachers from England ‎ English-only classes ‎ Work evenings and weekends for 2 weeks For more information, write to Mr. Smith 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可适当增加细节使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 开头已经给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mr. Smith,‎ I’ve read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children’s winter camp. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ]‎ ‎ ‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【答案】‎ Dear Mr. Smith, ‎ I’ve read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children’s winter camp. I’m quite interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job.‎ I’m outgoing, energetic, well-organized and responsible. And most importantly, I love working with children! In the past two years, as the monitor in my class, I have proved myself to be an excellent helper to my teachers. I speak fluent English, which enables me to help native English teachers communicate freely and effectively with students in an English-only environment.‎ I will soon have a three-week winter vacation, so I have no problem working on evenings and weekends. I can start working from the end of this month. I would appreciate it if you could give me this opportunity.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ ‎ Yours sincerely,‎ ‎ Li Hua Yes. I’m interested.‎ ‎ ‎ Winter Jobs self-introduction ‎(personality, fluency in English,…)‎ Could you be an ASSISTANT TEACHER for ‎ Children’s winter camp No problem ‎ Excellent pay for working with children I can start working from…‎ ‎ Work with native teachers from England ‎ English-only classes ‎ Work evenings and weekends for 2 weeks]‎ For more information, write to Mr. Smith ‎【亮点说明】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。并列句的使用：I’m quite interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job.非限制性定语从句的使用：I speak fluent English, which enables me to help native English teachers communicate freely and effectively with students in an English-only environment.固定句型的使用：I would appreciate it if…… 【能力提升】]‎ ‎ 下面的饼状图反映了某校高中生课余活动调查结果，请根据图表信息一篇100字左右的作文。第一段已给出。‎ ‎]‎ The pie chart reveals the survey result concerning the after-school activities the high school students prefer.‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________]‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【2016届甘肃兰州第一中学高三12月月考】‎ ‎【答案】 ‎ The pie chart reveals the survey result concerning the after-school activities the high school students prefer.‎ It is evident that most students go to tutoring classes after school, accounting for 36% of all.]‎ Meanwhile, 24% of students prefer to do some sports, such as playing basketball or football. In contrast, less students choose watching TV and surfing the internet, which makes up of 15% and 13% respectively. In addition, there are only 12% of students who like to do other activities.]‎ In short, most of the students go to tutoring classes and do some sports after school. ‎ 数据分析常用：‎ Comparedwith…,/Incomparisonwith…：‎ ‎（1）the number of…is more than/over…‎ ‎（2）the amount of…increases/grows/rises/goes up to…/by…‎ ‎（3）the number of…is similar to/almost the same as/smaller than/below…‎ ‎（4）the amount of…is quite different from…/decreases/falls/drops from…to…‎ 结论或预测常用：‎ From the figures/statistics above,‎ we can conclude/draw a conclusionthat…‎ we can estimate(估计）that the population/amount of…will 增减increase/dropsteadily 稳固地/gradually逐渐地/rapidly迅速地稳定：remainstable 波动：rebound/wave ‎【亮点说明】本文清楚的反映了饼状图所示的内容，结论正确。对于占比的表达多样化：accounting for 36% of all，24% of students，makes up of 15% and 13%，显得表达灵活。连词的使用更好地讲数据串联起来：meanwhile、in contrast、in addition。主语从句、非限制性定语从句也打破了简单句的格局，为文章增色。结尾得出了学生以参加辅导班和其他活动为主的结论。‎ ‎【终极闯关】‎ Guided Writing ‎ Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the ‎ instructions given below in Chinese.]]‎ ‎ 假设你是中华中学学生姚平，最近参加了一项研究性学习调研，课题为“父母是否以子女为荣”。通过调研你校学生及其父母，结果发现双方对此问题的看法有差异（数据如图所示）。根据图表写一份报告，在报告中，你必须：‎ ‎1. 描述调研数据；]‎ ‎2. 分析可能导致这一结果的原因。‎ ‎】2016年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语（上海卷参考版）‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎ A recent survey has been conducted on whether parents feel honored about their children in Zhonghua School. What is symbolically depicted in the bar chart above is that 80% parents regard their children as pride, while, to our surprise, only 60 in every hundred students hold the same viewpoint.‎ Such a striking contrast is there between the two perspectives that it reveals a common phenomenon. Parents and children hold different attitudes towards the issue. From where I am standing, two reasons are responsible for the finding.‎ ‎       First and foremost, with the increasingly fierce competition, teenagers are prone to suffering from the sense of inferiority. What additionally frustrates the children is peer pressure from parents. Chances are that the adults are inclined to gossip and compare with other friends about the academic performance of their children.‎ Apart from it, a lack of communication between parents and children is also a key factor contributing to the difference. Proud as parents feel of their children, they remain too shy to praise or give compliments. Meanwhile, children seem to abide by every command from their parents and accept the negative comments without saying a word, which triggers their self-accusation of failing to live up to the adults’ high expectations.]‎ ‎      From what has been mentioned above, it is fierce competition and lack of communication that give rise to the phenomenon. Only by mutual trust and understanding can children feel the importance and pride attached to them.]‎ 考点：考查图表作文 ‎