2018届二轮复习阅读理解专题推理判断题课件（31张）

2018届二轮复习阅读理解专题推理判断题课件（31张）

Reading Comprehension How to deal with questions of inference 1. 推断隐含意义 2. 推断作者观点或态度 3. 推断写作目的 4. 推断文章出处 5. 推断上下文内容 阅读推理判断题 推断题分类 1. ．看透文章的表面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提 示和线索 --- 推理的前提和基础。 2 ．透过现象看本质，通过分析、综合、判断，进行 符合逻辑的推理。 3 ．忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。 切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。 4 ．善于全面分析，切忌片面思考。 推理判断题 解题思路 1. Question forms: It can be i nferred from the text that . From the text we know that … is most likely . What the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer /conclude from the passage that . 这类题干中通常含有 infer, suggest, imply, conclude 等标志性词语。 一、如何推断隐含意义 2. 技巧点拨 1) 全面分析 2) 忠实原文 3) 不要选择表层信息 1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called "the deathwatch beetle." ● The sound of this beetle ________. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people. It is said that people should take a lesson from the clock. The clock passes the time by keeping its hands busy. People who do what the clock does also pass the time by keeping their hands busy and not by sleeping the time away. ● You can tell that busy people______ A. act like clocks. B. sleep the time away. C. don't do what clocks do. D. don't have hands. 2. Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffalo. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West. ● The author implies that several types of bison______. A. live outside the United States and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain C. existed before the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died out 3. not mentioned 4. When you make a promise to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious ( 慎重的 ) choices rather than reactionary ( 反动的 ) ones. If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person… What can be inferred from the passage? Having values are better than being values. A calm person does not choose to complain. The way other people think of you decides who you are. A responsible person does not care about financial security. 二、如何推断作者观点和态度： positive negative approval disapproval objective subjective optimistic pessimistic indifferent reserved neutral unbiased critical doubtful sarcastic/ironic 积极的，肯定的 消极的，否定的 赞成的 不赞成的 客观的 主观的 乐观的 悲观的 漠不关心的 保留意见的 中立的 无偏见的，公平的 批评的 怀疑的 讽刺的，挖苦的 1. Question forms: The writer’s attitude toward… is______. The writer thought that______. According to the author ______. 2. 技巧点拨 注意作者表达感情色彩的 形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子 ，才能推断出作者的态度。 5. Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news ？ All I read about is murder, bribery( 行贿 ) ， and death. Frankly ， I’m sick of all this bad news. ●This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform 6. （江西卷） Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy—emotional response. ● According to the author, which of the following statements is true? A. Crying is the best way to get help from others. B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry. D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure. 7. Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Of course, there have always been people who have looked for adventure--- those who have climbed the highest mountains, traveled into unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans. Now, however, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity, which may only last a few minutes or even seconds. I would consider bungee jumping （ 蹦极跳） to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place (perhaps a bridge or a hot air balloon) 200 meters above the ground with an elastic （ 有弹性的） rope tied to your ankles. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say as risky as bungee jumping include jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs. Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists （ 心理学家） suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people's lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival. 　　 Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in comparatively safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. ● The writer of the text has a ____ attitude towards dangerous sports.A. positive B. negative C. neutral 　 D. nervous 8. Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news ？ All I read about is murder, bribery( 行贿 ) ， and death. Frankly ， I’m sick of all this bad news. This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____. A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform 解析：作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻，如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等；二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪（对坏新闻厌恶透了），故应选 A 。 推断作者态度 9.Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have some fun laughing together. What is the writer’s attitude towards the present world? A. Positive B. Critical C. Satisfied D. Indifferent 推断作者态度 10 . The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the needs of our children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as such. Well, you may say, this is as it should be, and a good idea. But think further. What happens? “Education” becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists. What happens then?... What is the author’s attitude toward the theories of modern psychology? A. Uninterested B. Tolerant C. Satisfied D. Critical 推断作者态度 三、如何推断写作目的 1. Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的 A. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _____. (2) 考查某处细节的写作意图 A . The writer uses the example of…to show that _____. B . The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____. C . … are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____. 2. 常见的写作目的归纳 不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的 , 但写作目的通常有以下三种： (1) to entertain readers （ 娱乐读者，让人发笑） (2) to persuade readers （ 说服读者接受某种观点） (3) to inform readers （ 告知读者某些信息） 常见于 故事类 的文章。 to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience 常见于 广告类 的文章。 to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience 多见于 科普类 ﹑ 新闻报道类 ﹑ 文化类或社会类 的文章 。 3. 技巧点拨 (1) 根据 文体类别 推断写作目的 (2) 从 写作手法 来推断写作目的 11. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______ . A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance D. invite the readers to answer them 12. A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa , a nearby village. They lived with the man's big family----his parents, his brothers, their wives and children. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents' home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the woman's home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husband's home. ● The writer wrote the story in order to________. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife   1. Question forms: The passage is most likely to be taken from______. Where would this passage most probably appear ? The passage is most likely a part of ___. 四、如何推断文章出处 2. 解题技巧 这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处： (1) 报纸 (2) 广告 (3) 产品说明 (4) 网络等 13. （全国卷） Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets( 药片 ) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief ( 缓解疼痛 ) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount . For children under six years old, ask your doctor’s advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. ● This text is most probably taken from a ______. A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctor’s notebook D. bottle of medicine 14. More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured （ 受伤） each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt （ 安全带） saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the driver's responsibility （ 责任） to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing （ 倒退） your vehicle or you are making a local delivery （ 发送） or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances （ 情形） apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. ● This text is taken from _____. A. a medical magazine 　　　　 B. a traffic police report C. an advertisement 　　 D. a government information booklet （ 小册子） More than 30,000… are killed or seriously injured each year. you could be fined up to $ 50 Remember you may be taken to court… you may be fined … a police report 2. 解题技巧 推测 下文 的内容：根据 作者的思路 进行推理，特别是最后两三句话。 推测 上文 的内容： 关注第一段 ，特别是文段开始的几句话。 五．推断上下文内容  Question forms: The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______ The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss ______. 15. When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. ● The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about ____________. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization 16.William, Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn( 纱线 ), good and ill together. ” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities—science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write? A. Further application of science to war. B. More reading of William Shakespear . C. Proper use of science in the new century. D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill. 推断上下文内容 1 、推断隐含意义 , 必须吃透相关文段的意思。 2 、推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句 , 同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。 Conclusion 3 、推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心 思想。 4 、推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容 , 尤其是最后的两三句话。推断上文的内容，关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。