专题15+瞻前顾后　阅读理解之词义猜测与细节理解（热点难点突破）-2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破

专题15+瞻前顾后　阅读理解之词义猜测与细节理解（热点难点突破）-2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破

一、‎ I grew up on a 50-acre farm in the small rural community of Catawissa，Missouri，as the sixth of seven children.My parents often noted during meals how everything on the table except the sugar and flour came from the land.Besides running the farm，Dad was also a carpenter.‎ In the fall of 1970，he was working on a house when the ladder broke.His back was fractured in two places.He stayed in the hospital for three weeks with his head and feet down，permitting his back to be straight correctly so the bones would combine.‎ On Thanksgiving，Dad was still in the hospital.We always butchered hogs the day after the holiday，and that year my uncle showed up with a couple of cousins to help my three elder brothers prepare our year’s supply of pork.After Dad returned home，he was in a back brace and unable to work.I was too young to realize our family had no money coming in as Christmas approached.‎ One night we heard a car coming up the long driveway.We kids were curious about who was visiting.Peggy Phelan was at the door，holding an envelope filled with money.She told my dad she had collected money in the community and was there to deliver it.He tried to protest but Peggy would have none of it.I can still hear her saying，“Archie，whenever someone’s baler(打包机) is broken，you bale their hay.Someone passes away，Altha is cooking.It’s our turn.” ‎ That evening，this 6-year-old understood what being a good neighbor was，and that because her parents were good neighbors，their kindness would be returned.‎ I learned later that my mom’s sisters all “adopted” one of us kids to help with Christmas，and we received gift baskets from more than one organization.‎ My parents were used to being the givers and not the receivers of such generosity.They had a bit of pride to swallow，but continued all of their lives to show us kids the value of kindness.‎ ‎1.We know the writer’s father was very .‎ A.hard-working B.unkind C.strict D.mean 答案　A ‎2.The underlined word “fractured” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.‎ A.connected B.broken C.arranged D.transformed 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后一句“He stayed in the hospital for three weeks with his head and feet down，permitting his back to be straight correctly so the bones would combine.”可知，作者的父亲背部骨折，“fractured”是“折断”的意思。 ‎ ‎3.Why did the writer’s uncle go to his house? ‎ A.To visit his sick father.‎ B.To give them money.‎ C.To spend holiday together.‎ D.To help prepare for Christmas.‎ 答案　D ‎4.What can we infer from Paragraph 4? ‎ A.The author’s father liked to bale the hay.‎ B.Peggy Phelan was a delivery man.‎ C.The author’s parents were helpful to others.‎ D.We were curious about Peggy Phelan.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的句子“Archie，whenever someone’s baler(打包机) is broken，you bale their hay.Someone passes away，Altha is cooking.It’s our turn.”可知，作者的父母是乐于助人的。‎ ‎5.Which of the following can match the passage? ‎ A.No pains，no gains.‎ B.Great minds think alike.‎ C.Misfortune may be an actual blessing.‎ D.Good will be rewarded with good.‎ 答案　D 二、‎ As the pace of life continues to increase，we are fast losing the art of relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through life，being on the go from morning till night，it is hard to slow down.But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.‎ Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.In fact，it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be.A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purposes to life.It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.‎ The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.Some people are not afraid of stress，and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities，others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties.When exposed to stress，in whatever form，we react both chemically and physically.In fact，we make the choice between “fight or flight” and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme，but however little the stress is，it involves the same response.It is when such a reaction lasts long，through continued exposure to stress，that health becomes endangered.Since we can’t remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could)，we need to find ways to deal with it.‎ ‎6.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because .‎ A.they regard working as their greatest enjoyment B.they believe that work is superior to relaxation C.they are traveling fast all the time D.they are becoming busier with their work than ever before 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第一段第二句“Once you are in the habit of rushing through life，being on the go from morning till night，it is hard to slow down.”(一旦你养成了匆匆忙忙的习惯，从早到晚都在忙碌，就很难放慢脚步。)可推知，人们无法放松自己主要是因为比以前任何时候都要忙碌。‎ ‎7.According to the author，the most important character for a good manager is his .‎ A.strong will to hold out stress B.knowing the art of relaxation C.high sense of responsibility D.having control over performance 答案　A ‎8.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A.We can find quite a few ways to avoid stress.‎ B.Stress is always harmful to people’s health.‎ C.It’s easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.‎ D.Different people can bear different amount of stress.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第三段第一句“The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.”可知，一个人能承受的压力很大程度上取决于个人。即不同的人所能承受的压力是不同的，故选D。‎ ‎9.In the last sentence of the passage，“do so” refers to .‎ A.expose ourselves to stress B.find ways to deal with stress C.remove stress from our lives D.establish links between diseases and stress 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。由“Since we cannot remove stress from our lives”(我们无法消除生活中的压力)可知，括号里的内容是对前文的解释，故do so指的是“消除生活中的压力”，故选C。‎ ‎10.According to the author，the right attitude toward stress is .‎ A.to avoid it B.to try to cope with it C.to regard it as a vital motivation D.to find some relaxation 答案　B 三、‎ What do you do if you don’t get into your first choice of university？That’s the dilemma(困境) that faces thousands of British students every year.‎ Many candidates turn to Clearing，the service that helps find university places for students at the last moment.If they don’t have the marks to get into their first choice of institution，Clearing tells them about places available at other universities，though they might have to read another subject.‎ But this year has seen a record number of people applying to university.This，combined with the weak economy，an uncertain job market and budget cuts at universities，means that there’s been even more of a scramble for places than usual.Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place.‎ The British University Admissions Service，UCAS，says up to a quarter of this year’s university applicants—almost 190,000 people—still don’t have a place on a degree course.That’s a rise of over 46,000 students from last year.‎ Faced with these figures，some British students might be thinking of an interesting alternative：studying abroad.The University of Nottingham，for example，is offering places at its campuses in Ningbo，near Shanghai，and Kuala Lumpur，Malaysia.Students here can gain University of Nottingham degrees in business，accounting，engineering and English.Similarly，the University of Bolton says it has “unlimited” places at its campus in the United Arab Emirates.‎ Given the problems getting into university，the UK’s Higher Education Minister，David Willetts，encourages students who haven’t made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and studying at home.‎ ‎“There are a range of options available，” he says.“People are able to reapply.They should think how they can spend their year adding that bit to their CV，which would help their application—getting practical work experience or extra skills—anything that strengthens their chances next year.”‎ But some experts say that rising university costs，poor long-term job prospects，and a drop in graduate recruitment mean it’s the worst time to be a university student in the UK.‎ ‎1.When the author says “there’s been even more of a scramble for places”(Para.3)，he means .‎ A.more people have applied to university B.there is more competition between the candidates C.there are more services that help find university places D.more places are available 答案　B 解析　句意理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Some sources say six students have applied for each remaining undergraduate university place.”可知，每个名额都有6个学生申请，可见竞争非常激烈，故选B。‎ ‎2.According to UCAS，there are about university applicants this year.‎ A.190,000 B.46,000‎ C.236,000 D.760,000‎ 答案　D ‎3.David Willetts encourages students faced with the lack of places on a degree course .‎ A.to consider apprenticeships and studying at home B.to study at campus outside the UK C.to ask Clearing for help D.not to go to university in the UK 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“David Willetts，encourages students who haven’t made the grade to consider alternatives to university，such as apprenticeships and studying at home”可知，David Willetts鼓励分数不够上大学的学生考虑其他选择，例如去做学徒或是在家学习，故选A。‎ ‎4.Which of the following is NOT the reason that may make this year the worst time to enter university?‎ A.It costs more to study at university.‎ B.Long-term job prospects are worse.‎ C.Universities offer places in other countries.‎ D.There are fewer chances to do graduate study.‎ 答案　C ‎5.According to the passage，what can students do if they don’t get into their first choice of university?‎ A.They can go to work in Clearing.‎ B.They can get practical work experience or skills and reapply next year.‎ C.They can spend the year writing a better CV.‎ D.They do graduate study at home.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“People are able to reapply...which would help their application—getting practical work experience or extra skills”可知，未能如愿申请入学的学生应尽可能利用这一年做一些能帮助他们申请的事情，即取得实际的工作经验或技能，明年再重新申请，故选B。 ‎ 四、‎ The public has voted the X-ray machine as the best invention.Out of nearly 50,000 votes cast，one in five people named it for having made the greatest impact on the past，present and future.‎ Ten of the most significant objects in science，engineering，technology and medicine were selected for the vote.Information on all the items is found at the Science Museum in London.‎ The first three positions were filled by medical inventions or discoveries，the X-ray machine being followed by the discoveries of penicillin and the DNA double helix(螺旋) structure.‎ X-rays provided the first possibility of looking inside someone’s body without cutting them open—a massive medical advance.‎ The particular X-ray machine in question—the Reynolds machine in the Museum’s Making the Modern World Gallery—was a “do-it-yourself” experiment by a father and his son who were so inspired by news of the discovery of the X-ray that they set about building the equipment in their own home.‎ Museum curator(馆长) Katie Maggs said.“It’s very inspirational to young scientists to learn that an invention now declared the most important in world history could be pioneered by enthusiastic amateur inventors.”‎ Professor Andy Adam，president of the Royal College of Radiologists，was delighted to learn of the result.‎ He said that the X-ray machine had revolutionized medical practice and that the technology had now advanced so much that we are reaching the era of the “transparent patient”.‎ Culture Secretary Ben Bradshaw said，“Any competition that pits the Apollo 10 spacecraft against Stephenson’s Rocket，and the DNA double helix against the Model T Ford，is bound to provide many talking points.”‎ ‎“The public’s choice of the X-ray machine as the winner is a proof to our greedy curiosity to find out how things work.”‎ The poll(投票) was conducted as part of the Science Museum’s events to mark its centenary(百年庆典).The 10 objects form a special Centenary Journey trail through the museum galleries.‎ ‎6.Which of the following are the top three among inventions or discoveries?‎ A.X-ray machine，Apollo 10 capsule and steam engine.‎ B.X-ray machine，DNA double helix structure and penicillin.‎ C.Stephenson’s Rocket，penicillin and the Model T Ford.‎ D.Stephenson’s Rocket，Apollo 10 capsule and V2 Rocket Engine.‎ 答案　B ‎7.Which of the following is TRUE about the X-ray machine in the Gallery?‎ A.It was made by the Reynolds Machine Company.‎ B.It was a product directed by great scientists.‎ C.It was built by a father and his son in their own home.‎ D.It was small in size and advanced in technology.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第五段内容可知，一对父子在自己的家里造出了X光机，故选C。‎ ‎8.From the underlined part in Para.8，we know Professor Andy Adam means .‎ A.the X-ray machine has greatly improved medical practice B.the patients are all transparent in the eyes of doctors C.with the help of the X-ray machine，everything is transparent D.there is no need to cut someone’s body open during operations now 答案　A 解析　句意理解题。由第八段内容可知，由于X射线可以透视人体，因此人类已经进入了“透明病人”时代，即病人身体哪儿有病，都能用X光机看到，这是医疗史上的巨大进步，故选A。‎ ‎9.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?‎ A.Top Ten Inventions of This Century B.The Most Important Discoveries C.What Makes Patients Transparent D.X-ray Machine—Top Scientific Invention 答案　D ‎10.This passage is most probably taken from .‎ A.a science fiction B.a school textbook C.a news journal D.a medicine magazine 答案　C 解析　文章出处题。从内容来看，本文是在报道一件事，因此它属于新闻性质的文章，故选C。‎ 五．‎ Holidays are really important.Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.‎ But holidays are expensive and，for those on low wages or living on benefits，they are often unobtainable.Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.‎ For working parents，the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare.When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks，there is a need to spread this across the year.Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday.For some，this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.‎ The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in ‎ Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day.Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.Schools also have an important role in safe guarding children’s welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils.During the long summer holidays，much of this is missed.‎ While teachers are holidaying in the UK，many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live.The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.‎ In setting out its plans for a five-term year，Nottingham City Council(委员会) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks，with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks，each followed by a two-week break.We believe this will give real “down time” for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.‎ We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff，particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities.However，this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.‎ ‎1.The passage is probably written by .‎ A.an experienced teacher B.a working parent C.an inspired student D.a city council member 答案　D ‎2.The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to .‎ A.environments B.holidays C.wages D.benefits 答案　B ‎3.It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to .‎ A.2 weeks B.4.5 weeks C.5 weeks D.6 weeks 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“...Nottingham City Council(委员会) is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks...”可知，假期被缩短到4.5周。‎ ‎4.The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students .‎ A.obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs B.get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school C.benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment D.have more school days to receive free school meals 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句以及倒数第二段最后一句可知，学校将致力于为学生提供一个有爱的、激励的学习环境，而这种缩短假期的方案将使教职工和学生得到一个真正的休整时间且不影响 ‎ 六、‎ If you work hard to have a positive attitude，you might be surprised by how much better you feel about yourself and life in general.When you turn away from the negative and focus on the positive，you open your mind to appreciate the good things around you that might have otherwise gone unnoticed.‎ Having a positive attitude can also reduce your stress level.The less stress you feel，the better you will feel overall.So if you’ve been feeling tired，put on a happy face and you just might feel better soon.‎ But how can you have a positive attitude when life is hard？It’s more than just turning life’s lemons into lemonade.Having a positive attitude can take some hard work.But it’s worth it.Here are some ways you can develop and maintain a positive attitude even in the midst of life’s troubles.‎ A positive attitude doesn’t mean ignoring life’s troubles.It just means being an optimist and looking for the good in things，rather than being a pessimist and concentrating on the bad in things.Sometimes your perspective can make all the difference in the world.‎ Smile and laugh！Yes，it can be that simple.Learn to love life，no matter what’s going on.Smile at others and they will smile back at you.Have fun and find the humor in life.Sometimes laughter really is the best medicine.‎ Exercise！Get off the couch and get moving.Being active and healthy can give you a completely different outlook on life.When you feel better physically，you often naturally feel better mentally，too.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。积极乐观的心态能够使你保持良好的精神面貌，文章介绍了保持积极乐观的意义及若干方法，其中包括寻找事情中好的一面，微笑和锻炼。‎ ‎6.The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 probably refers to .‎ A.the positive feelings B.the good things C.the surprising results D.the importance of life 答案　B ‎7.What probably helps to keep your stress level proper?‎ A.Working hard at your lessons.‎ B.Setting up a practical goal.‎ C.Feeling proud of yourself.‎ D.Keeping yourself positive.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，保持积极乐观的态度能控制压力水平。故选D。‎ ‎8.We can learn from the third paragraph that .‎ A.it is impossible to keep positive B.keeping positive costs a lot of money C.there are tips for keeping yourself positive D.there are many troubles in daily life 答案　C ‎9.According to the text，you can keep positive by .‎ a.avoiding all troubles b.looking for the good in things c.being friendly to others d.being a pessimist e.depending on medicine f.staying healthy A.a，d，e B.b，c，f C.c，d，e D.a，b，f 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。文章后三段讲述了保持积极乐观的若干方法，其中包括寻找事情中好的一面、对其他人友好和保持健康，故B项为正确答案。‎ ‎10.The text is mainly to tell us .‎ A.how to keep positive B.the right attitude towards life C.the importance of health D.ways of dealing with stress 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何保持积极乐观。故选A。‎ 七、‎ Tiger research：Indonesia While sustainable tourism helps protect many of the Indonesia’s wildlife，one of its rarest species，the Sumatran tiger，suffers as the island’s cities expand into its forest habitat.Fortunately Biosphere Expeditions have created a trip that not only benefits the seriously endangered animal，but helps protect it too.Based in a remote camp in the heart of the rainforest，volunteers will tour the landscape，documenting tracks，kills and scats(粪便) to aid important research into the lives of these big cats.‎ Company：Biosphere Expeditions Length：13 days More information：www.biosphere-expeditions.org Cycling tour：Cambodia With an ancient world of temples and jungles，Cambodia is the kind of country that needs to be explored slowly.PEPY Tours offers 621 miles of green fields，dusty orange tracks and winding rivers on its 15-day cycling ‎ expeditions.Money goes directly to local people through homestays and lunches，while tours allow visitors to learn Khmer customs and contribute to ongoing community development projects.‎ Company：PEPY Tours Length：15 days More information：www.pepytours.com Beach stay：Tanzania A winner in the Best for Beach category at the Responsible Tourism Awards 2014，Chole Mjini Island is a tourists’ paradise(天堂) located off the coast of Tanzania.With no roads or electricity，guests to the low-impact destination can enjoy a simple life in hand-built tree houses and spend days either stretched out on deserted beaches or searching for whale sharks.‎ Company：Chole Mjini Island Length：6 days More information：www.cholemjini.com Teaching：Morocco It’s the breathtaking beauty that draws tourists to Morocco’s High Atlas Mountains，but while the remoteness of the setting may aid its charm，it also causes problems.Few inhabitants of the region’s rural villages，especially females，continue their education past primary school.Education For All (EFA) is a Moroccan NGO that builds and runs girls’ boarding houses near secondary schools in the High Atlas，making further education theoretically possible.Based in the beautiful town of Asni，the programme is looking for female volunteers with teaching experience.‎ Company：People and Places Length：4 weeks (minimum)‎ More information：www.travel-peopleandplaces.co.uk ‎1.If you want to help with wildlife research，you may go to .‎ A.Morocco B.Indonesia C.Cambodia D.Tanzania 答案　B ‎2.Cycling tours in Cambodia offer tourists .‎ A.projects to study tigers B.money to find homestays and buy lunches C.opportunities to learn local culture D.nights to stay at temples 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Cycling tour：Cambodia中的“Money goes directly to local people through homestays and lunches，while tours allow visitors to learn Khmer customs and contribute to ongoing community development projects.”可知，自行车旅行为游客提供的是学习当地文化的机会。‎ ‎3.We can get all the information about Tanzania EXCEPT that .‎ A.tourists can live in tree houses built by hand B.whale sharks are a threat to tourists in waters there C.it’s inconvenient to get around on Chole Mjini Island D.environment there is not much affected by human activities 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Beach stay：Tanzania中的“With no roads or electricity，guests to the low-impact destination can enjoy a simple life in hand-built tree houses and spend days either stretched out on deserted beaches or searching for whale sharks.”可知，A、C、D都有提及，而文中并没有提到鲸鲨对于游客是威胁。‎ ‎4.Jennifer，a university professor concerned about the education of girls in remote areas，may be interested in the information on .‎ A.www.travel-peopleandplaces.co.uk B.www.pepytours.com C.www.cholemjini.com D.www.biosphere-expeditions.org 答案　A ‎5.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A.The four tours are all commercial tours.‎ B.Cycling expedition to Cambodia lasts 13 days.‎ C.PEPY organises tours to Chole Mjini Island.‎ D.Volunteers are needed in Indonesia and Morocco.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一部分中的“volunteers will tour the landscape，documenting tracks，kills and scats(粪便) to aid important research into the lives of these big cats”和最后一部分中的“Based in the beautiful town of Asni，the programme is looking for female volunteers with teaching experience.”由此可知，在印度尼西亚和摩洛哥都需要大量的志愿者参与活动。‎ 八 My father worked in a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras，Puerto Rico.My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox，guiding him with a broomstick.For 1 a day，I worked eight hours straight，with no food breaks.‎ It was very tedious work，but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us，I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.I’ve never been late for any job since.I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for.More importantly，I earned my pay；it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didn’t want to work.‎ I was only six years old，but I was doing a man’s job.Our family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than 18 a week.Our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirty floor and no toilet.Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother，father，two brothers and three sisters.This gave me self-esteem，one of the most important things a person could have.‎ When I was seven，I got work at a golf course near our house.My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed，so the golfers could find them.Losing a ball meant you were fired，so I never missed one.Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.‎ The more I dreamed，the more I thought.Why not？I made my first golf club out of guava limb(番石榴树枝) and a piece of pipe.Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball.And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth.I practiced with the same devotion and intensity.I learned working in the field—except now I was driving golf balls with a club，not oxen with a broomstick.‎ ‎6.The writer’s first job was .‎ A.to spot the balls as they landed B.to watch over the sugar-cane plantation C.to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields D.to stand down the fairway at a golf course 答案　C ‎7.The underlined word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “ ”.‎ A.difficult B.interesting C.unusual D.boring 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“I worked eight hours straight，with no food breaks.”可知，这个工作很繁琐，我每天工作八小时，没有吃饭休息时间。由此推知“tedious”的意思是“繁琐的，乏味的”。‎ ‎8.The writer learned that from his first job.‎ A.he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for B.he should never fail to say hello to his owner C.he should work for those who he liked most D.he should work longer than what he was expected 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for.”可知，作者学会了要尊敬和信任于你为之工作的人。‎ ‎9. gave the writer self-esteem.‎ A.Owning his own golf course B.Earning money to support the family C.Helping his father on the plantation D.Having a family of eight people 答案　B ‎10.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A.He wanted to run a golf course near his house.‎ B.He wanted to make money by guiding oxen.‎ C.He was satisfied with the job on the plantation.‎ D.He wanted to become a successful golfer.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知作者跟那些高尔夫球手一样，有同样的投入和强度训练。由此不难看出他成为一名高尔夫球员的迫切之心。‎ 九 College isn’t for everyone.Earning a degree will improve the income potential，but high tuition is a deterrent for some.Some can’t afford it.Others choose not to continue their schooling for other reasons.But they can still find a good job without a college degree.‎ Manufacturing Sales Representatives Average salary： 52,440　Current workforce：1,430,000‎ Projected job growth,2010－2020：16%‎ Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives who specialize in non-technical products make more than 27% of full-time workers.Unlike those salespeople，wholesale representatives market their products directly to businesses and government agencies.The pay is good，the opportunities are numerous and，for most employees，a High School diploma is enough to get a job.‎ Dry Wall Workers Average salary： 45,490　Current workforce：22,900‎ Projected job growth,2010－2020：27%‎ No High School diploma？No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth without even finishing high school.Dry wall workers work in the construction ‎ industry，preparing walls for painting after masons build them up.Most learn from more experienced workers during working.‎ Electricians Average salary： 48,250　Current workforce：577,700‎ Projected job growth,2010－2020：23%‎ The world is more mechanized than ever before，and more machines mean more work for these skilled workers，who will see nearly 134,000 new jobs added by 2020.A typical electrician makes more than 48,000 per year with a high school degree.Major cities promise the most jobs.‎ Commercial Pilots Average salary： 67,500　Current workforce：32,700‎ Projected job growth,2010－2020：28%‎ An average commercial pilot makes 26,000 more than a typical full-time worker and 13,000 more than an average college-educated worker.It requires only a commercial pilot’s license and training at a local flight school.Times are changing—many airlines now look for pilots with two-year or four-year degrees—but prospects for salary and growth remain strong.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。大学并不适合所有人。文章介绍了四种没有大学文凭照样可以做的好工作。‎ ‎1.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “deterrent” in Paragraph 1?‎ A.Prevention. B.Threat.‎ C.Difficulty. D.Fear.‎ 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后一句“Some can’t afford it.”可以推测出，高昂的学费对于一些人来说是一个阻碍。由此可推知，deterrent与prevention意思相近。 ‎ ‎2.Without a High School diploma，you can find a job as a(n) .‎ A.manufacturing sales representative B.dry wall worker C.electrician D.commercial pilot 答案　B ‎3.The average salary for a typical full-time worker is .‎ A. 52,440 B. 45,490‎ C. 67,500 D. 41,500‎ 答案　D 解析　数字计算题。根据Commercial Pilots这一节中的“Average salary： 67,500”和“An average commercial pilot makes 26,000 more than a typical full-time worker”可知，一个全职工人的平均工资一般为： 67,500－26,000＝41,500，故答案为D项。‎ ‎4.Which of the following is TRUE about the commercial pilots?‎ A.The average salary of commercial pilots is the lowest of the mentioned jobs.‎ B.Commercial pilots earn more than college-educated workers.‎ C.You need to receive training at an international flight school to be a commercial pilot.‎ D.Our society will need more commercial pilots in the future.‎ 答案　D ‎5.From the text，we can infer that .‎ A.having a college degree can guarantee a good job B.it’s not necessary to get a college degree C.electricians will find jobs in big cities easily D.many people don’t continue their schooling for only one reason 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据Electricians这一节中的“Major cities promise the most jobs.”可以推测出答案。‎ 十 Tears of relief and shouts of joy rang out at the San Jose Mine in northern Chile when 33 miners were lifted to freedom，one by one.The men，ranging from 19 to 63 years old，have been buried alive since a cave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed on August 5,2010.It is the longest time anyone has ever survived being ‎ trapped underground.‎ After the collapse，the men found an emergency shelter off one of the mine’s tunnels.The temperature in the dark shelter was around 90 degrees Fahrenheit.For more than two weeks，the miners’ water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.They shared a supply of food that was meant to last for only 48 hours.‎ The miners were totally isolated until rescue teams made contact with the men on August 22.They sent a note to the surface explaining their situation.Rescuers drilled small holes to reach the cave and sent down supply tubes containing food，water，clothes，medicine，fresh air and other supplies.They also received letters from their families，a television set and games.‎ Additional collapses slowed down rescue efforts.Finally，a tunnel was built that could fit a 13-foot rescue capsule(救生舱)，called the Pheonix.The escape hole measures 28 inches across，a tight fit for the twisting 20 minutes,2,041-foot ride.The first miner reached the surface just after midnight on October,13.The rescue mission was faster than expected，and all 33 men had been brought to safety by late the same day.‎ The miners were met by family members who were waiting at Camp Hope，a settlement of tents near the mine.Chile’s president，Sebastian Pinera，cheered at the scene and hugged the miners.“We made a promise never to give up，and we kept it，” he said.After an immediate medical exam，the men were airlifted to the nearest hospital for 48 hours of observation.‎ ‎6.How long were the rescued miners trapped in the mine?‎ A.About 48 hours.‎ B.About two weeks.‎ C.One month and a half.‎ D.More than two months.‎ 答案　D ‎7.Which of the following doesn’t belong to the rescue work?‎ A.The water from the tanks.‎ B.Small holes drilled to reach the cave.‎ C.A tunnel built to fix a rescue capsule.‎ D.Letters，games and a TV set from the surface.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“For more than two weeks，the miners’ water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.”可知，矿工们起初两个多星期饮用的水是作业车辆水箱中原先就有的，不属于救援工作。故选A。‎ ‎8.What can we learn from the text?‎ A.All miners reached the surface just after midnight on October 13.‎ B.The loss of the mine collapse.‎ C.The health condition of the trapped miners.‎ D.The concern of Chile’s president about the mine collapse.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Chile’s president，Sebastian Pinera，cheered at the scene and hugged the miners.‘We made a promise never to give up，and we kept it，’ he said.”可知，智利总统对矿难非常关切。故选D。‎ ‎9.According to the text，the rescued miners .‎ A.received medical examination in a hospital at first B.could go home immediately they got out of the mine C.had to stay in a hospital for two days before going home D.felt relieved to see their family members taken good care of 答案　C ‎10.The best title for the text should be .‎ A.Disaster at the Mine B.A Miracle at the Mine C.Efforts of Great Chileans D.Miserable Life of Chilean Miners 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要描述了在营救者不懈的努力以及矿工们的顽强毅力下，智利矿难的营救工作取得了圆满成功，33名矿工在困于矿井两个多月后终于获救，这可以说是一个生命的奇迹。 ‎ 十一 ‎4-Day Classic Beijing Tour The 4-day classic Beijing tour is designed for tourists who come to visit China for the first time.It covers the most popular and typical places in Beijing，fully displaying the scenery，culture，history，local lifestyles and features，food and drinks，business，etc.for you.‎ Day 1：Arrival in Beijing Your guide meets you at Capital Airport，and helps you check in at your hotel.‎ Enjoy Beijing Duck as welcome dinner.‎ Accommodation：Beijing downtown Day 2：The Great Wall & the Summer Palace Start your day at the most famous part of the Great Wall，the Badaling Great Wall.Leave the downtown for the Great Wall at 8 am.Since it is a long drive to the Great Wall (about 2 hours’ riding)，have a break at the Jade Museum on the way.Lunch will be enjoyed in a local restaurant.In the early afternoon come back to the city and have a sightseeing tour of the Summer Palace.‎ Recommended Activity：Beijing Opera Show (Liyuan Theatre,19∶30－21∶10 every evening)‎ Accommodation：Beijing downtown Day 3：Beijing city sightseeing & Local experience Your guide meets you at the hotel at 8 am and sets out for the day’s touring：Tian’anmen Square and the Forbidden City.‎ After visiting the two sites，have a break and get ready for lunch.‎ Hutong visit：see some traditional arts of the old Beijing，such as paper cutting and kite making，and visit a local family.‎ Accommodation：Beijing downtown Day 4：Beijing Olympic sites Visit the Olympic sites：Bird’s Nest，Water Cube and Olympic Park，witnessing the fast developing modern China.Enjoy some free time after visiting the sites.‎ After lunch，it is shopping time and then the tour is over.‎ ‎1.This advertisement is aimed at .‎ A.foreigners who are new to China B.experts who study history and cities C.kids who were born in other cities D.people who are interested in touring 答案　A ‎2.If a tourist wants to enjoy Beijing Opera，he should .‎ A.visit the Summer Palace on the first day B.go sightseeing in Beijing Hutong C.live and eat downtown in Beijing D.go to Liyuan Theatre in the evening 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Day 2中的“Recommended Activity：Beijing Opera Show (Liyuan Theatre,19∶30－21∶10 every evening).”可知，如果想看京剧应该是在晚上去梨园剧院。‎ ‎3.On which day can tourists enjoy the city’s traditional arts and local lifestyle?‎ A.Day 4. B.Day 3.‎ C.Day 2. D.Day 1.‎ 答案　B ‎4.What does this tour company think can show Beijing is a fast developing modern city?‎ A.Beijing Capital Airport.‎ B.Bird’s Nest，Water Cube and Olympic Park.‎ C.Tian’anmen Square and the Forbidden City.‎ D.The Great Wall & the Summer Palace.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Day 4中的“Visit the Olympic sites：Bird’s Nest，Water Cube and Olympic Park，witnessing the fast developing modern China.”可知，这家旅游公司认为，北京的鸟巢，水立方和奥林匹克公园显示了北京是一个发展迅速的现代化城市。‎ ‎5.To make the advertisement work，what should be added?‎ A.Age requirement.‎ B.The hotel’s address.‎ C.Contact information.‎ D.The guide’s name.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，这个广告没有联系方式，因此应该增加这方面的信息。故选C。‎ 十二 I am reading a novel at the moment，a story set in Britain and India in the 19th century.It was written by an Indian author who now lives in Denmark，but neither in the language of Hindi nor Danish.Although the paperback edition I’m holding was published in New Delhi，India，four years ago，I (an American) purchased it recently from a second-hand bookshop in Tokyo，Japan.‎ That’s quite a history already.But there’s more.‎ The novel is a tale of various mysteries，all expertly put into a well-structured story by a very skillful author.Yet my particular copy presents even more mysteries than the tale.‎ One summer morning in the year of my paperback’s publication—on July 15,2012—someone else was reading it while eating breakfast in a restaurant in Mumbai，India.‎ I know this because I found a receipt of coffee and bread inside.I also know that this person was not the owner of the paperback immediately before me.‎ In fact，the owner before me was not Indian at all，but Japanese.‎ I know this because in the book there are handwritten notes in Japanese—translations of English words with which the reader was unfamiliar.‎ Japanese being a language of characters，not letters，it is not easy to determine if the note writer was a man or a woman.But the care taken to write the translations neatly in the limited spaces available on each page indicates a woman’s hand.‎ So let us agree that it is a woman.What can we say of her？Well educated，clearly，and probably a university student，who would keep a dictionary at hand while reading a novel.‎ But why did she suddenly stop reading？The last translation in my paperback appears on Page 83，less than a third of the way through the novel.Did she give up because the book was proved too difficult？Or was there some other reason?‎ Many a novel presents mysteries，all of which are solved by the end of the tale.The mysteries presented by my little paperback，however，remain mysteries，all expertly put into a well-structured story，not by a skillful ‎ writer，but this time by the numberless vagaries(变幻莫测) of life itself.‎ ‎6.What can we learn about the novel?‎ A.It is about a world trip.‎ B.It is well written.‎ C.It was written in an American restaurant.‎ D.It was first published in the 19th century.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The novel is a tale of various mysteries，all expertly put into a well-structured story by a very skillful author.”这部小说讲述了各种各样的奥秘，一个娴熟的作家巧妙地(将这些奥秘)组织成一个故事，可知这个小说写得非常好。 ‎ ‎7.In which language is the novel written?‎ A.Hindi. B.Danish.‎ C.English. D.Japanese.‎ 答案　C ‎8.The author assumes the Japanese owner of the book was a woman based on .‎ A.the pretty handwriting B.the food written on the receipt C.the good condition of the book D.the effort taken in writing the notes 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第二句“But the care taken to write the translations neatly in the limited spaces available on each page indicates a woman’s hand.”可知，从写笔记的细心，作者认为这本书的日本主人是一个女人。‎ ‎9.Which of the following can best describe the author?‎ A.He is a great reader of historical fiction.‎ B.He is a hard-working university student.‎ C.He is a productive writer with sensibility.‎ D.He is a careful observer with imagination.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“So let us agree that it is a woman.What can we say of her？Well educated，clearly，and probably a university student，who would keep a dictionary at hand while reading a novel.”以及前文作者根据书中笔记推测书的日本主人是一位女士，可以看出作者是一个有想象力的认真的观察者。‎ ‎10.What’s the best title for the text?‎ A.The Tale of a Paperback B.Different Life Experiences C.Unsolved Mysteries of Life D.A Book’s Exciting Adventure 答案　A