专题11 语法填空（一）——词类复习-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列（解析版）

专题11 语法填空（一）——词类复习-2019年高考英语备考艺体生百日突围系列（解析版）

专题11 语法填空（一）——词类复习 方法与知识 艺体生在进行了基础知识复习之后，把重点转到：1.熟悉高考题型；2.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧；3.精选难度适中的训练题。‎ 名词 命题规律 ‎ 名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。名词的考查强调语言的情景化，重点考查在特定语境、真实语境中的准确辨析、选择和运用名词的能力。名词短语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。‎ ‎ 另外，在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。‎ 名词的考点归纳：‎ ‎(1)抽象名词具体化：beauty美、美丽（不可数名词） a beauty美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）；experience经验（不可数名词）an experience一次经历（可数名词）；surprise吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词） a surprise令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）；honor荣誉、信誉（不可数名词） an honor一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）；failure失败（不可数名词） a failure/failures失败的人或事（可数名词）等等。‎ ‎(2)名词短语的固定的搭配：have/gain access to接近，到达；take … into consideration考虑；take advantage of利用；in consequence of 由于 …… 的缘故 ；put into effect 实行，生效 等等。‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎1.（2018·全国I）Even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits, news about our________(instruct)was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster.‎ ‎【答案与解析】1.instructor考查词形转换。我总是想学象棋，即便是我对免费的学分不激动，单是我们导师的信息就足以吸引我。故填instructor。‎ ‎2. （2018·全国I）The absolute most important skills that you learn when you play chess is how to make good_________(decide).‎ ‎【答案与解析】2.decisions 考查词形转换。你在学下棋的时候，学到的绝对重要的技能是如何做出好的决定。故填decisions。‎ ‎3.（2018·天津）The__________(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.‎ ‎【答案与解析】3.possibility考查词形转换。宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。‎ ‎4.（2018·江苏）Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______(assume) you’ve made.‎ ‎【答案与解析】4.assumption考查词形转换。试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。故填assumption。‎ ‎5.（2018·天津）I started doing anything I could to help them build a little _______(proud). Most important, I began to treat them like winners.‎ ‎【答案与解析】5.pride考查词形转换。我开始做任何我能做的事情来帮助他们建立一点自尊心。作build的宾语用名词。故填pride。‎ ‎【方法总结】1.介词和动词后面可能缺宾语，这时填名词；2.考查含有名词的固定短语；3.句子缺主语时也可能填名词作主语；4.冠词后面可能填名词；5一定要注意名词的单复数形式。‎ 代词 命题规律 一、代词是每年必考，贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识。考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下，强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词。‎ 二、不定代词是代词中最重要、句法作用也是最为活跃的部分之一。因而，在复习中要注意总结、归纳，特别应熟记一批有特点的例句，以加深印象，更加准确地把握其用法。‎ ‎ 三、平时要多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视。‎ 代词高考常考点 ‎（1）人称代词：人称代词作主语一般用主格形式，做宾语用宾格形式，作表语用主格形式，做定语用所有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语，作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。特别注意：①人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。②在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。‎ ‎（2）反身代词：反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。‎ ‎（3） 指示代词：指示词有this, that, these, those等。注意以下4点：①this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。②指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。③打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。④ this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。‎ ‎（4）不定代词：①表示两者“都”用both，表示两者“都不”用neither/nor，表示两者中的“任一”用either。②表示多者“都”用all，表示多者“都不”用none，no one, neither, nobody, nothing等表示多者中的“任一”用any。③all单独使用，或者后接一个定语从句，或者前面有物主代词时，意为everything或the only thing(s)。④another或“another＋单数可数名词”泛指“另一个，有一个，再一个”，其复数形式是others或“other＋复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”，有some…others(一些…另一些…)之搭配。the other(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个，常有one…the other(一个…另一个…)的搭配；其复数形式the others或“the other ＋复数名词”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。another还可用于“another＋基数词或few＋复数名词”中，与“数词或some＋more/other ＋复数名词”相当。⑤everything(一切事，最重要的事), everyone =everybody (每个人，所有人); something(某事，重要的人或事物), someone =somebody(某/有人，重要的人); anything(什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物), anyone =anybody(任何人，无论谁，重要的人); nothing(没有东西，什么也没有，不重要的人或事), no one=nobody(没有人，不重要的人)等。它们还与别有词构成很多习语，如for nothing(徒劳，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)，等等。‎ ‎（5）代词 it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法：①代词one和it都可以代替上文中提到的可数名词，但one指代的是与上文中提到的同类物（复数用ones,主格和宾格相同）；而it指代的是上文提到的同一物品（复数用they（主格）和them（宾格）。②one(ones)和that(those)这几个代词都可以代替上文中提到的名词，但使用时应注意：替代不可数名词时用that,或者省略不用名词，或者重复那个名词，但不可用one来代替。替代单数可数名词时用one和that均可，但泛指用one(相当于a/an+名词）；特指时用that（相当于the+名词）。 one(ones)可以有形容词等前置修饰语，也可以有后置修饰语（of短语除外）；而that(those)不能有前置修饰语，它（们）的修饰语只能后置。后跟of短语时，一般只能用that(those)。‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎1.（2018·天津）No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by ________(they) own efforts。‎ ‎1.their考查代词。没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。根据句意填their。‎ ‎2.（2018·北京）This guy has nothing and yet he didn’t take the wallet for _________(he)；he thought about others ‎ instead.‎ ‎2.himself考查代词。这个人什么都没有，但是他没有拿走钱包。他考虑的是别人。此处指他自己，故填himself。‎ ‎3. （2017·江苏）We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of what _________ used to charge.‎ ‎3.it考查代词。我们之所以选择这家酒店，是因为这里的价格低至20美元一晚，是过去收费的一半。此处句子缺主语，用代词it指代this hotel。‎ ‎4. （2017·江苏）Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother's voice from _______ of a female stranger.‎ ‎4. that考查代词的用法。它们甚至能区分其他陌生雌鸟和它们母亲的声音。此处that指代voice。That用于比较句型，其后有后置定语。‎ ‎5．(2016·四川)Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency to age more slowly than a man’s.________ think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly.‎ ‎5.Others　考查代词。此处是一个固定句型，some…others… 一些…另一些…。‎ ‎【方法总结】句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。‎ 形容词和副词 命题规律 形容词与副词主要考查以下几个方面：考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。‎ 另外，在熟练掌握形容词与副词的基本意义和用法的同时，要特别留意一些形容词与副词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。‎ 形容词与副词基本用法：‎ ‎（1）形容词和副词的辨析 形容词和副词的辨析主要分为两类：一类是给出语境，让学生填出符合这种语境的形容词或副词；另一类是形容词或副词的词形变化。近三年常考的有：‎ ‎ 形容词：appropriate；conscious；generous；reasonable；confident；creative；grateful ；important；spare；public；convenient；apparent；unchallenged；vital；available；specific；similar；available；affordable；acceptable；valuable 副词：①hopefully；curiously；occasionally；gradually ②thus；besides；rather；otherwise ③competitively；recently；reasonably ④besides；however；therefore；instead ⑤besides；otherwise；however；altogether ⑥especially；equally；naturally；normally ⑦nevertheless；besides；otherwise；therefore ⑧especially；regularly；particularly；approximately ‎（2）形容词和副词比较等级 ‎ 比较等级的常见句型：①两者比较，用“比较级 ＋ than”表示。②表示“两者之间较……的那个”用“the＋比较级＋n.＋ of the two ＋n.”。③表示“越……，就越……”用“the ＋ 比较级，the ＋ 比较级”。④as＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“和……一样”。⑤not as/so＋原级adj./adv.＋as ...表示“不如……”‎ 比较等级前常用的修饰语：a little, a bit, slightly，much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。‎ 否定词＋比较级＝最高级：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义。‎ ‎【考例分析】‎ 形容词 ‎1.（2018·全国Ⅰ）________(tired) than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily _________(change).‎ ‎1. Less tiring; changeable考查形容词比较级及词形转换。第一空根据其后的than可知，此处用比较级，且表示物的特征。故填Less tiring。第二空副词easily修饰形容词，故填changeable。‎ ‎2.（2018·全国Ⅱ）It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and ____________(challenge), or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary.‎ ‎2. challenging考查词形转换。更可能的是，我们都不展开对话，因为这既令人尴尬又具有挑战性。或者，我们认为这既令人讨厌又没必要。此处作表语，用形容词。故填challenging。‎ ‎3.（2018·全国Ⅱ）The key to __________(succeed) small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.‎ ‎3. successful考查词形转换。成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人交流，而不只是为沟通而沟通。形容词修饰名词small talk。故填successful。‎ ‎4.（2018·全国Ⅱ）Of the common berries, strawberries are __________(high) in vitamin C.‎ ‎4.highest考查形容词最高级。在普通莓类中，草莓含维生素C最高。根据前面的Of the common berries可知，此处填最高级。‎ ‎5.（2018·全国Ⅲ）Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of ________（difference）ages. He asked the workers to use __________（tradition）techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors.‎ ‎5. different；traditional考查词形转换。王收集了7百万多块不同年代的被遗弃的砖块。他让工人们用传统的技术把它们砌成墙、瓦成房顶和垒成走廊。修饰名词用形容词。‎ 副词 ‎1.（2018·全国I）In order to pass the class ,among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and,__________( eventual),to our lives.‎ ‎1.eventually考查词形转换。最终，把我们在课堂里学的知识应用到我们的生活中。此处副词作状语。‎ ‎2.（2018·全国Ⅱ）Data shows that kids and teens who do read ______(frequent), compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.‎ ‎2.frequently考查词形转换。数据显示经常阅读的孩子和青少年和不常阅读的相比，经常阅读的家中有更多的书，父母为他们买了更多的书，他们的父母经常阅读，父母为他们留出阅读的时间。修饰动词用副词形式。故填frequently。‎ ‎3. （2018·全国Ⅲ） The study of traditions should be combined with practice. _______, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty.‎ ‎3. Otherwise考查副词的用法。对传统的研究应该和实践相结合。不然，传统的再创造就会是人造的和内容空洞的。根据句意填Otherwise。‎ ‎4. （2018·全国Ⅲ）The good news is that I can help my own kids learn _______(early) than I did how to live more with less.‎ ‎4. earlier考查副词比较级。好消息是我能帮助我的孩子比我小的时候早知道如何过简单而富有的生活。根据than可知，此处填副词的比较级earlier。‎ ‎5. （2018·浙江6月）He said without the job, he would ________( simple) have too much time and would just do what I did back in college.‎ ‎5. simply考查词形转换。朋友说如果没有这个工作，很简单他就会有太多无聊的时间。他就会像我大学时一样因为有太多的时间而不忙着做事。修饰动词用副词形式。‎ ‎【方法总结】当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。‎ 介词及介词短语 命题规律 一、对介词句法功能的考查：介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等；介词有时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。‎ 二、对常用介词的辨析：介词用法多且复杂，相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示，介词更着重与动词、形容词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词；同时对常用的介词要重点进行区别整理。‎ ‎ 三、对介词短语搭配的考查：介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用，形成固定搭配，表示各种不同的意思，只要记住这些固定搭配，准确把握词组的语义。‎ 介词与介词短语高考常考点：‎ ‎（1）常见介词的活用 by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：①over可表位置，意为“在……上方，越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间，(多年)以来”等，它还有“在……(问题)上，对(某事)”等引申意义。②by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：by and by不久，迟早；by and large大体上；by oneself单独；by the way顺便说说；by far……得多，最…… by chance碰巧；by accident偶然地；by means of借助；by no means绝不，一点也不；by mistake错误地。③with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于”等意思。with还可用来表示原因。④beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。‎ ‎（2）介词短语的主要类型 ‎ 高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用：①介词+名词：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；in detail详细地；out of reach够不着；beyond description难以描述地；out of question不成问题；out of the question不可能。②动词+介词：remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)。③形容词+介词：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎；be absorbed in全神贯注于；be enthusiastic about热衷于。④介词短语：apart from除……之外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等 ‎【考例分析】‎ ‎1.（2018·全国I）He was an international grandmaster, which meant I would be learning ________ one of the game's best.‎ ‎1.from考查介词。这意味着我将师从这个游戏最好的大师之一。此处learn from意为：向…… 学习。‎ ‎2.（2018·全国I）I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well ________ the classroom.‎ ‎2.beyond考查介词。我设法在这个课程中获得了个A。我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的人生课程。beyond the classroom意为：课堂之外。‎ ‎3.（2018·全国Ⅲ）When most of us get a text message _______ our cell phone ______ an unknown person, we usually say ＂sorry, wrong number!＂ and move on.‎ ‎3. on; from考查介词。我们大多数人当接到一个来自不认识的人的手机信息的时候，我们通常会说“对不起，你打错了”然后进行。On the cell phone是固定短语意为：在电话上；from来自。‎ ‎4.（2018·北京）14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.‎ ‎—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.‎ ‎4.for考查介词。——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故填for。‎ ‎5.（2018·天津）11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.‎ ‎5.after all考查介词短语。鲍勃原以为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。after all毕竟，终究。‎ 体验高考 ‎1.【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.‎ ‎【答案】61. longer ‎ ‎62. to see 63. dying ‎ ‎64. is 65. than ‎ ‎66. that which ‎ ‎67. causes 68. strengthen ‎ ‎69. energetic ‎ ‎70. it running ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。‎ ‎61. 考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。‎ ‎62. 考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。‎ ‎63. 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。‎ ‎64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。‎ ‎65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。‎ ‎66. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。‎ ‎67. 考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。‎ ‎68. 考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。‎ ‎69. 考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。‎ ‎70. 考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。‎ 点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。give a try试试。Give sb sth； give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。‎ ‎2.【2018·浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___58___ can be to eat out. I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.‎ ‎ While regularly eating out seems to ___61___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ___62___(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even ___63___ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___64___(weigh) problems.‎ If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___65___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.‎ ‎【答案】56. dishes ‎ ‎57. who/that ‎ ‎58. it 59. visiting ‎ ‎60. was shocked ‎ ‎61. have become ‎ ‎62. affordable ‎ ‎63. higher 64. weight ‎ ‎65. for ‎【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。‎ ‎56. 考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。‎ ‎57. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。‎ ‎58. 考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。‎ ‎59. 考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。‎ ‎60. 考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。‎ ‎61. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。‎ ‎62. 考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。‎ ‎63. 考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。‎ ‎64. 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。‎ ‎ 65. 考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。‎ ‎3.【2017·新课标I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会收到损害。‎ ‎61. as 考查介词。句意：这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“做为，以...身份”，故填as。‎ ‎62. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的副作用”，根据前文的some可知“副作用side effect”有很多，故填effects。‎ ‎63. to process 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物 require表示“要求”， require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”，表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。‎ ‎64. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉 分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。‎ ‎65. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”，句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。‎ ‎66. worse 考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。‎ ‎67. is 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。‎ ‎68. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词，所以填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。‎ ‎69. careful 考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词做表语，故填careful。‎ ‎70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：‎ 一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；‎ 二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；‎ 三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；‎ 四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。‎ 有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词 例如第62题has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease，给出了提示词effect。考生可以从词性变化和单复数两方面考虑，effect可变为形容词effective，变为副词effectively，分析语境可知划线处应该填名词，不需要做词性上的变化。所以考生可以从单复数方面考虑，根据划线处前的some可知应该填名词的复数形式。所以考生可以确定正确答案为effects。‎ 无提示词：考查冠词，介词，连词，代词 ‎ 例如第70题it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 结合语境可知作者要表达“很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处”的意思。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”，所以填which。‎ ‎4. 【2017·新课标II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.‎ ‎ Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.‎ Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。‎ ‎61.crowds考查名词，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds.‎ ‎62.from 考查介词，to and from来回，故填from.‎ ‎63.laying考查动词，这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying.‎ ‎64.the考查名词，top是名词，前要用冠词，故填the.‎ ‎65.were used考查被动语态，根据句意：蒸汽发动机“被用于”拉货物，故填were used.‎ ‎66.fairly 考查副词，这里fair是形容词，pleasant也是形容词，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly.‎ ‎67.it考查代词，这里用it指代前句的railway,故填it.‎ ‎68.managed 考查动词，本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed.‎ ‎69.introduction考查词性转换，空格前是the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction.‎ ‎70.successful考查形容词，空格前是most,其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful.‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的，横线前是冠词the，所以横线上要使用名词introduction。，在英语中，副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词fairly作状语修饰形容词pleasant。‎ ‎ 词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。‎ 技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。‎ 技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。‎ 技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。‎ 技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。‎ 技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。 ‎ 考点：考查语法填空 模拟新题精选 ‎1.【江西省临川一中2019届高三上学期名校联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Vegetarianism（素食主义）is becoming one rising trend in the UK, as more people are deciding not ___41___(eat) meat and animal products. Vegetarians are people who don't eat meat, while vegans are people who don't eat or use any animal products at all. These lifestyles ___42___(become) more well-known in the UK. ___43___ are Britons cutting out meat? Many are unhappy about the poor treatment of animals and the effects of ‎ meat and fish production ___44___ the environment. ___45___(worry) about food safety and foodborne illnesses, such as mad cow disease, have also played a part. Others choose to change their eating habits in order to become ___46___ (healthy). According to the Vegetarian Society, a meat-free diet can help reduce ___47___ risk of certain cancers, as well as heart disease and high blood pressure.‎ Organic farming is ___48___ rising trend that is appearing in the UK. Many people are rejecting genetically modified（转基因的）food and want their food to be ___49___(organic) produced. Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals. Organic meat ___50___(produce) without the use of drugs.‎ ‎【答案】41. to eat ‎ ‎42. are becoming ‎ ‎43. Why 44. on ‎ ‎45. Worries ‎ ‎46. healthier ‎ ‎47. the 48. another ‎ ‎49. organically ‎ ‎50. is produced ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文为说明文。素食主义在英国逐渐增加，越来越多的英国人决定不食用肉类和动物产品。根据素食协会的说法，无肉饮食可以帮助降低某些癌症、心脏病和高血压的风险。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查不定式。句意：素食主义在英国正成为一种上升趋势，越来越多的人决定不吃肉和动物制品。固定搭配：decide to do“决定做……”。故填to eat。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：这种生活方式在英国越来越出名。根据语境可知，此处应使现在进行时，表示逐渐变化的过程。故填is becoming。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查疑问词。根据下文“许多人对虐待动物以及肉类和鱼类生产的影响感到不满”可知，此处指“为什么英国人不吃肉？”故填Why。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：许多人对虐待动物以及肉类和鱼类生产对环境的影响感到不满。固定搭配：have an effect on“对……有影响”。故填on。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：对食品安全和像疯牛病这样的食源性疾病的担忧也起到了一定的作用。根据句意及谓语动词have可知，此处应使用名词复数。故填Worries。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查比较级。句意：其他人选择改变他们的饮食习惯是为了变得更健康。根据语境可知，此处应使用比较级。故填healthier。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：据素食协会称，无肉饮食可以帮助降低某些癌症、心脏病和高血压的风险。根据语境可知，此处表特指，应使用定冠词。故填the。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：有机农业是另一个正在英国兴起的趋势。another“另外的”。故填another。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：许多人拒绝转基因食品，希望他们的食物是有机生产的。此处修饰动词produce，应使用副词形式。故填organically。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查语态。句意：有机肉类的生产不需要药物。根据语境可知，此处应使用被动语态，且描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填is produced。‎ ‎【点睛】英语短文改错口诀：动词形，名词数；注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别；习惯用法要记住；句子成分多分析；逻辑错误须关注。英语短文改错绝对不是一道难题，它所考查的语法和词汇都是最基础的。如第5小题，考查名词复数，根据句意及谓语动词have可知，此处应使用名词复数。‎ ‎2.【重庆市九校联盟2019届高三12月联合考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Dogs were first raised at home at least 150 centuries ago. Since then, the dog ___41___ (be) humans’ best friend. Now, they have another job—to assist doctors to diagnose（诊断）cancer.‎ After a long-standing research of smell, a Finnish professor has said that certain ___42___ (type) of cancer are able to be detected by their smell, making it possible to train cancer-sniffing dogs ___43___ (help) diagnose the disease.‎ A professor, Jouko Vepsalainen from the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio, has focused ___44___ nitrogen compounds（氮化合物）. The compounds increase ___45___ (great) when cancer cells grow in an uncontrollable way, ___46___ (allow) them to be detected, the Finnish newspaper Karjalainen reported. That’s where the dog, man’s best friend, may step in with their keen sense of smell.‎ According to the news agency, researchers in Finland have tried to train dogs to do the job, but ___47___ will take a dog months, even years, to tell the ___48___ (different) between sick and healthy people. “Anyone ___49___ knows how difficult early cancer detection is ___50___ (understand) what an opportunity this is,” associate professor Anna Hielm-Bjorkman of the University of Helsinki told the Finnish media.‎ ‎【答案】41. has been ‎ ‎42. types 43. to help ‎ ‎44. on/upon ‎ ‎45. greatly ‎ ‎46. allowing ‎ ‎47. it 48. difference(s) ‎ ‎49. who 50. understands ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了某种癌症可以通过气味来检测，这使得训练嗅癌犬帮助诊断癌症成为可能。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查时态。根据时间状语since then可知，此句要用现在完成时，主语是单三形式，故填has been 。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词。根据后面谓语are可知，主语要用复数形式，故填types。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。此处是考查非谓语动词作状语，训练嗅癌犬是为了帮助医生诊断疾病，作目的状语要用不定式，故填to help。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：来自于东芬兰大学的教授Jouko Vepsalainen一直致力于研究氮化合物。focus on/upon是固定搭配，意思是“专注于，致力于”，故填on/upon。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查副词。设空处所给提示词要修饰动词increase，副词用来修饰动词，因此要用great的副词形式，故填greatly。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句式结构可知，此处是做句子的状语，所给提示词为动词，要用其非谓语形式，此处的逻辑主语为compounds，与allow之间是主动关系，用其现在分词形式，故填allowing。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查代词。but连接两个并列结构，根据上文可知，此处是指训练狗得需要几个月，指代上文提到的事，下文再次出现要用代词指代，故填it。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查名词。设空前有冠词the，冠词用来修饰名词，所给提示词是形容词，要用其名词形式，‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。这是个定语从句，先行词是anyone，指人，关系词在从句中做主语，故填who。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。本句句式较为复杂，设空处所给提示词是做主句的主语，主句的主语是anyone，谓语要用单三形式，故填understands。‎ ‎【点睛】非谓语动词是高考必考考点，也是贯穿整个高中阶段的重要知识内容，需要考生准确的把握住三种非谓语动词形式各自的特点和用法，本题中的第3小题和第6小题均考查的非谓语动词作状语的用法，此题需要分析句式，再结合非谓语动词的特点和用法。‎ ‎3.【浙江七彩阳光联盟2019届高三上学期第二次联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Three years ago, Brian Palmer, a 43-year-old native of Beaumont, California, was a homeless man struggling ___56___(overcome) alcohol addiction. All he owned was a bag ___57___(contain) some clothes, a blanket, and a pillow. He ___58___(seek) assistance at a recovery center, the very large tent city in downtown LA. One activity that helped him through those days was singing. In 2015, he encountered the Urban Voices Project, a choir ___59___(make) up of the local people. This led him ___60___Street Symphony, a group of professional musicians mostly from the LA Philharmonic(交响乐团), ___61___works with homeless, mentally ill and disabled populations. In February, Palmer began taking voice ___62___(lesson) from Scott Graff, a member of the Street Symphony. Scott said, “I gave Palmer some tips on vocal technique, ___63___ he taught me life lessons. I got the ‎ ‎___64___(good) end of the deal.”‎ ‎“That was ___65___(real) empowering,” Palmer told the audience afterward. Palmer explained what had been going through his mind as he sang. “An act of love,” he said, looking out at familiar faces in front of him. “One act of love, I know for sure, is listening.”‎ ‎【答案】56. to overcome ‎ ‎57. containing ‎ ‎58. sought 59. made ‎ ‎60. to 61. which ‎ ‎62. lessons ‎ ‎63. while 64. better ‎ ‎65. really ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过Brian Palmer的故事，使我们知道，爱的一种表现就是倾听。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查动词不定式。句意：三年前，43岁的加州博蒙特人布莱恩·帕尔默(Brian Palmer)是一个无家可归的人，正在努力戒掉酒瘾。struggle to do sth.“努力去做某事”，故答案为to overcome。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查现在分词做后置定语。句意：他只有一个包，里面装着一些衣服，一条毯子和一个枕头。此处是现在分词作后置定语，故答案为containing。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：他在洛杉矶市中心的一个很大的帐篷城——康复中心寻求帮助。根据前文提到的Three years ago,可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为sought。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：2015年，他遇到了“城市之声”，一个由当地人组成的合唱团。此处a choir和make之间是一种被动关系，be made up of “由---组成”，结合句意可知答案为made。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：这让他加入了街头交响乐团(Street Symphony)，这是一群主要来自洛杉矶爱乐乐团(LA Philharmonic)的专业音乐家，他们的工作对象是无家可归的人、精神病患者和残疾人。lead sb. to“‎ 引导某人去---”，故答案为to。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：句意：这让他加入了街头交响乐团(Street Symphony)，这是一群主要来自洛杉矶爱乐乐团(LA Philharmonic)的专业音乐家，他们的工作对象是无家可归的人、精神病患者和残疾人。此处the LA Philharmonic是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为which。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查名词复数。句意：今年2月，Palmer开始向“街头交响曲”的成员Scott Graff学习声乐。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为lessons。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查并列连词。句意：我给Palmer传授了一些声乐技巧，而他却教给了我人生的课程。此处while“然而”，是并列连词，前后形成鲜明对比，故答案为while。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查比较级。句意：我得到了更好的结果。结合句意可知此处用比较级，故答案为better。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查词形转化。句意：这真的很强大。此处是副词修饰动词，故答案为really。‎ ‎【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本文第6题中，先行词为名词the LA Philharmonic，指物，再分析先行词the LA Philharmonic在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词the LA Philharmonic带到后面的非限制性定语从句中可知，只能作主语，因为that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故答案为 which。‎ ‎4.【浙江省2018年11月高考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The Caffeine Catch Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably _____56_____(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine _____57_____(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. _____58_____(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.‎ Small amounts of caffeine-a cup _____59_____ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee _____60_____ the late afternoon or evening ‎ will cause _____61_____(they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem _____62_____(call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can’t sleep.‎ It is possible _____63_____ caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. One study showed that _____64_____(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely ________65________(have) children with birth defects.‎ ‎【答案】56. have used/ have been using ‎ ‎57. is (was) ‎ ‎58. Recently ‎ ‎59. or 60. in ‎ ‎61. them 62. called ‎ ‎63. that 64. women ‎ ‎65. to have ‎【解析】‎ 本文是说明文。现在我们的许多食品中添加了咖啡因，文章介绍了大量饮用咖啡因对健康的不良影响。‎ ‎【56题详解】‎ 考查时态语态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用，此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因，表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/ have been using。‎ ‎【57题详解】‎ 考查主谓一致。主语Caffeine是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。此处表示一种事实可以用一般现在时。也可以指小时候的事用一般过去时，故填is (was)。‎ ‎【58题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：最近，咖啡因已经进入了橙子、苹果和其他调味饮料。此处单独作状语用副词，故填Recently。‎ ‎【59题详解】‎ 考查连词。此处指每天一杯或两杯咖啡，表示“或者”用连词or，故填or。‎ ‎【60题详解】‎ 考查介词。表示“在下午晚些时候或晚上”是in the late afternoon or evening，介词用in，故填in。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查代词。此处作动词cause的宾语用宾格形式，故填them。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查过去分词。句中problem和动词call是被动关系，指这种问题被叫做caffeinism。此处用过去分词表被动，作problem的定语，故填called。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查主语从句。句中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，意思完整，用that起引导作用，故填that。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。故填women。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查动词不定式。此处指每天喝大量咖啡的妇女，怀孕时孩子很可能会先天畸形。表示“可能做某事”是be likely to do sth.，用动词不定式，故填to have。‎ ‎5.【2019届高三广东华南师大附中12月份联合考试】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Dujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science.____41____(build) over 2, 200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering____42____(achieve) is still used today.‎ In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands___43___(suffer) from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. ____44____(help) the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally.____45____(good) still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making ____46____ suitable for farming.‎ Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live___47___(peaceful). Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams ____48____ the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally,___49___ (enable) ecosystem(生态系统) and fish populations to exist___50___ harmony.‎ ‎【答案】41. Built ‎ ‎42. achievement ‎ ‎43. suffered ‎ ‎44. To help ‎ ‎45. Better 46. it ‎ ‎47. peacefully ‎ ‎48. where 49. enabling ‎ ‎50. in ‎【解析】‎ ‎ 本文介绍了中国古代水利工程都江堰的历史及其所起的作用。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ ‎ 考查非谓语。分析句子_____1_____(build) over 2, 200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering…本句是省略句，其逻辑主语是主句的主语This amazing engineering，动词build与它是被动关系。根据时间状语“over 2, 200 years ago”推断出，动作已发生并表被动。故要用过去分词built。句意：2, 200多年前在现在的中国西南部的四川省，建造了这个惊人的工程。故填Built ‎【42题详解】‎ ‎ 考查名词。分析句子this amazing engineering_____2_____(achieve) is still used today.可知，本句中的achieve被形容词amazing engineering修饰，且在句子中作主语，所以要用名词形式。而achieve是动词，故用其名词形式 achievement。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ ‎ 考查谓语动词。句意：在古代，都江堰现在所处的地区曾遭受了来自闽江河泛滥的洪水。本句中的时间状语In ancient times，可知要用一般过去时。故用suffered。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ ‎ 考查目的状语。句意：为了帮助洪灾的受害者，地区州长李兵和他的儿子决定找到解决它的办法。由此可知，本句是表示目的的。故用动词不定式。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ ‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：沿玉里山在山的不同的高度，李设计了一系列渠道，会引走洪水，同时让河流自然流动。更好的是，多余的水可以直接送到干燥的成都平原。根据句意可知，两句话是递进关系。并且Better still,为固定搭配，意为“更好的是”，所以用good的比较级better ‎【46题详解】‎ ‎ 考查代词。更好的是，多余的水可以被引导到干燥的成都平原，使它（额外的水）适合农业灌溉。分析句子可知，本空指的是前面 the extra water多余的水，水是不可数名词，要用it，故本空填it。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ ‎ 考查副词辨析。分析句子no more floods occurred and the people were able to live ____7____(peaceful).可知，本句的形容词peaceful在句子中修饰动词live，修饰动词要用副词，故填 peacefully。句意：再也没发生洪水，人民能够和平地生活。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ ‎ 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子Unlike modern dams___8___ the water is blocked with a huge wall可知，句中的 modern dams是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作状语，放入从句中为the water is blocked with a huge wall in modern dams,因此要用where。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ ‎ 考查非谓语。句意：都江堰仍然允许水自然流经闽江河，使生态系统…。分析句子Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally,___9___ (enable) ecosystem。可知Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally,是主句，自然而然导出下面的内容，而enable与前面的句子是主动关系，要用动词ing形式作结果状语。故运用enabling。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ ‎ 考查固定搭配。in hamony为固定搭配，意为“和谐无间，和谐”，故填in。句意：都江堰仍然允许水自然流经闽江河，使生态系统和鱼类和谐相处。‎ ‎6.【陕西省咸阳市2019届高三12月联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。‎ Obesity is a growing problem for both kids and adults around the world. Sleep might be one answer ____61____ the problem. A new study ____62____(find) that elementary school students who sleep little are more likely to gain pounds. Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more, but scientists have had difficulty ____63____(determine) “____64____ came first, the chicken or the egg?” says Julie Lumeng of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In other words, it hasn’t been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping,____65____ whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios seemed ____66____(equal) possible. To get a ____67____(good) understanding of which causes which, Lumeng and her colleagues interviewed the parents of 785 third graders from around the States. The parents answered questions designed by Lumeng and her team about how well their kids ____68____(sleep) that year. They had no sooner finished the ‎ survey by asking the parents the same questions three years later ____69____ they found that 18 percent of kids ____70____(involve)in the study were obese.‎ ‎【答案】61. to 62. has found ‎ ‎63. determining ‎ ‎64. which 65. or ‎ ‎66. equally ‎ ‎67. better 68. slept ‎ ‎69. than 70. involved ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 本文为说明文。一项新的研究发现，睡眠过少的小学生更容易发胖。‎ ‎【61题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：睡眠可能是这个问题的一个答案。answer作名词，表“……的答案”时，需要使用介词to连接。故填to。‎ ‎【62题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：一项新的研究已经发现，睡眠不足的小学生更容易发胖。现在完成时表示“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”，此处使用现在完成时，表示该项研究已经结束且对现在有影响。故填has found。‎ ‎【63题详解】‎ 考查现在分词。固定短语：have difficulty (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”。故填determining。‎ ‎【64题详解】‎ 考查疑问词。句意：哪一个是先来的，鸡还是蛋？根据句意可知，此处应使用疑问词which“哪个”。故填which。‎ ‎【65题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：换句话说，目前还不清楚体重过多的孩子是否存在睡眠障碍，或者睡眠不足是否会导致体重增加。or“或者”。故填or。‎ ‎【66题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：两种情况似乎都有可能发生。此处修饰形容词possible，应使用副词形式。故填equally。‎ ‎【67题详解】‎ 考查比较级。句意：为了更好地了解其中的原因，Lumeng和她的同事采访了来自美国各地785名三年级学生的父母。根据句意可知，此处表示“更好的”，应使用比较级。故填better。‎ ‎【68题详解】‎ 考查时态。句意：父母们回答了Lumeng和她的团队设计的关于他们孩子那年睡眠质量的问题。此处描述的是那一年发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填slept。‎ ‎【69题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：年后，他们刚完成调查，就问了那些父母同样的问题。固定搭配：no sooner…than…“一……就……”。故填than。‎ ‎【70题详解】‎ 考查过去分词。句意：参与研究的孩子中有18%的人是肥胖者。此处与kids存在逻辑动宾关系，应使用过去分词做后置定语。故填involved。‎ ‎【点睛】语法填空全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用才能，能更科学地反应学生的英语综合程度。这就需要同学们在日常学习生活中，一定要加强基础积累。如第1小题考查answer表“……的答案”时，需要使用介词to连接的固定用法。第9小题则是考查：no sooner…than…“一……就……”结构。这些习惯用法及固定结构，如果大家能掌握熟练的话，是很容易得到分数的。‎ ‎7.【广东省深圳市高级中学2019届高三12月模拟】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Confucius(孔子) is honored ______41______ setting the tone for much traditional Chinese music for thousands of years. He ______42______ (think) to be a great educator. However, he is also a _____43_____ (talent) musician who was able to play several instruments expertly. Perhaps nowadays for people around the world, music _____44_____(mean) mainly for amusement. But during the time of the Zhou Dynasty about 500 BC, music had an important role in making society stable.‎ How music was used and performed is expressed in several main Confucian books. Confucius taught that ______45______ (educate) somebody, you should start with poems, emphasize ceremonies, and finish with music.‎ Musical knowledge was ______46______ matter of higher learning. It is said that he thought of the six most important subjects to study, _______47_______(rank) music higher than the other five necessary subjects like writing and mathematics.‎ Music was important because the ideal society was to be governed by ritual (礼制) functions, but not by law. In a culture ______48______ people function according to ritual, music is used to help govern them. So music ‎ wasn’t really ______49______ (entertain), but a means for musicians to accomplish political and social goals. Music is ______50______ (eventual) a means for social happiness.‎ ‎【答案】41. for ‎ ‎42. is thought ‎ ‎43. talented ‎ ‎44. is meant ‎ ‎45. to educate ‎ ‎46. a 47. ranking ‎ ‎48. where 49. entertainment ‎ ‎50. eventually ‎【解析】‎ 文章介绍了孔子时代音乐的功能：稳定社会。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查介词。for是介词，意为“因为……”。句意：孔子因为为中国传统音乐定下基调而受到尊敬。故填for。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查被动语态。He和think之间是被动关系，故该句用被动语态。句意：孔子被认为是一个音乐老师。故填is thought。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查形容词。该空修饰各词musician，故要用形容词。talented意为“有才能的，有天赋的”。句意：他也是一位有天赋的音乐家。故填talented。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查短语。短语be meant for本应为；为 ... 而有。句意：音乐主要是为了娱乐。故填is meant。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。不定式to do表示目的。句意：为了教育某个人，你应该从诗开始。故填to educate。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查冠词。a matter of意为“一个……问题”，是固定表达。句意：音乐知识是一个更高学习的问题。故填a。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句中逻辑主语he与rank之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。句意：音乐排名高于其他五个必修科目。故填ranking。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。people function according to ritual是定语从句，修饰culture，引导词在从句中做抽象地点状语，故要用关系副词where引导该从句。句意：在一个人们根据宗教仪式发挥作用的文化中，音乐被用来管理他们。故填where。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查名词。由句意，该空应用名词做表语。句意：音乐并不真的是娱乐，而是政治家们一种实现政治和社会目标的方式。故填entertainment。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查副词。该空在句中做状语，用副词。句意：音乐最终成为了一种实现社会幸福的方式。故填eventually。‎