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2019届二轮复习语法专题动词的时态和语态课件(46张)
命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引 2019届二轮复习语法专题 动词的时态和语态 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引命题规律趋势探究 考纲解读 命题规律趋势探究 考点 内容 动词时态 一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将 来进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,过去将来时,现在完成进行时 动词语态 几种常见动词被动语态的形式和用法 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引命题规律趋势探究 命题规律 1.北京近三年高考中有关动词时态和语态的考点分布如下: 2.高考北京卷中,考纲要求的对时态的考查内容几乎都有涉及,语态的考查 以一般时态的被动语态为主。 3.高考北京卷中注重结合语境考查时态和语态的基本用法。 年份 考点 2017 2016 2015 时态 2 3 3 语态 1 1 1 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引命题规律趋势探究 考频分析 核心考点 考查内容 考查重点 动词的时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 ★★★★☆ 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 ★★★☆☆ 现在完成时 过去完成时 现在完成进行时 ★★★★★ 动词的语态 一般式的被动语态 ★★★☆☆ 进行式的被动语态 ☆☆☆☆☆ 完成式的被动语态 ★★☆☆☆ 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引命题规律趋势探究 命题趋势 高考英语北京卷连续5年均对本专题有考查,设题数量稳定在3~4题,每 题1分。通过表格中所列考查点可以看出,北京市近五年高考力求对各 种动词的时态和语态的基本用法和区分都有所涉及,其中,动词的一般 将来时(2013,2014,2015,2016)和动词的被动语态(2013,2015,2016,2017 ) 是出现频率最高的。但是,考生不能单凭近五年出现频率较高的考查点 去预测未来的考查方向。每一年的考点都在稳中求变,备考中既要夯实 高频考点,也要留意一些出现率低的考点,如现在完成进行时、将来进 行时和过去进行时。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引命题规律趋势探究 突破方法 1.学习动词的时态和语态时,切不可脱离实际运用的语境,一味死记硬背 语法规则的条条框框。了解了常用时态和语态的基本用法后,要留心课 本等规范材料中是如何使用动词的时态和语态的。 2.做有关时态的试题时,首先要根据题干内容判断空格处的动词动作是 什么时候发生的,然后再确定动作表示的是未完成、要计划做、已完成 或习惯性动作等。 3.建议考生重点关注时态的区分:①一般过去时与现在完成时的区分; ②一般过去时与过去完成时的区分;③现在完成时与过去完成时的区 分;④现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区分。考生在审题时应清楚语境 状况,通过对语境进行分析找到题干的关键点。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引命题规律趋势探究 4.请考生尝试遵循如下解题思路:①语境中动词动作发生的时间是现 在、过去还是将来;②动作处于什么状态,是完成了还是未完成;③确定 主语与动词的关系是主动还是被动。如(2016北京,30)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts with success in the end.根据题干及语境可判断使用将来时,efforts与动词reward为被动 关系,四个选项(rewarded, were rewarded, will reward, will be rewarded) 中应选will be rewarded。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 考点知识全面总结 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 考点一 动词时态的基本用法 一、一般体 一般体中的一般现在时和一般过去时分别表示现在和过去的经常性、习惯 性的动作或状态;一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一 段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时表示从过去某一时间 看将要发生的动作。所谓一般体,表示既不“进行”,又不“完成”。如: We have meals three times a day. 我们一日吃三餐。(现在的习惯) He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。(现在的状态) When I was a boy,I often went to play in that park. 我小时候常去那个公园玩。(过去的习惯) 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 (一)一般现在时的用法 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 (二)一般过去时的用法 单项填空: ( )①This machine .It hasn’ t worked for years. A.didn’t work B.wasn’t working C.doesn’t work D.isn’t working ( )②Mary a photo of Professor Smith while he was making a speech. A.takes B.took C.would take D.has taken 用法 例句 表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状 态。 When I was at school, I went to bed early at night.当我上学时,我晚上睡觉睡得早。 表示过去某特定时间的动作或状态, 有时表示“现在已经不再这样”。 In 1492,Columbus reached one of the Bahamas. 1492年,哥伦布抵达了巴哈马群岛之一。 C B 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 (三)一般将来时的用法 温馨提示:一般将来时除上图所表示的用法外还有: 1.有些动词如come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start等,其现在进行时表示按计划、 安排近期将要发生的动作。如: I’m leaving for Beijing next month.下个月我计划去北京。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 2.某些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情。这种用法 常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。如: We must hurry up.The first class begins at 8 o’clock. 我们必须快点儿。第一节课将在8点开始。 (四)过去将来时的用法 1.“would+do”表示过去将来时,常表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事。如: He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。 He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 2.“was/were+going to do”表示过去将来时 (1)表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事。如: She said she was going to start at once. 她说她将立即出发。 I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。 (2)表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。如: It seemed as if it was going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 3.“was/were+to do”表示过去将来时 (1)表示曾经计划要做的事,但不表明计划是否被执行。如: I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 我感到紧张,因为我很快就要第一次离开家了。 (2)用于if或even if/even though从句中,表示对未来的假设。如: If I were to tell you that I admired him, would you believe me? 要是我告诉你我羡慕他,你会相信我吗? 4.某些动词的过去进行时可表示过去将来时 come, go, leave, arrive, start等表起止或位移的动词可用过去进行时代 替过去将来时。如: He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车第二天早晨六点出发。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空: ( )③—Have you told Mr Smith about the meeting? —Not yet.I him in a minute. A.called B.call C.will call D.have called ( )④Look at these clouds. . A.It’s going to rain B.It’s raining C.It is to rain D.It can rain ( )⑤—We just saw John at the bookstore. —That’s strange.I didn’t think he back until tomorrow. A.will come B.was to come C.is coming D.is to come C B A 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 二、进行体 (一)现在进行时的用法 am/is/are doing 现在正在进行的事: Who is playing the piano upstairs? 谁在楼上弹钢琴呢? 计划、安排要做的事: I’ve won a holiday to London.I am taking my mum. 我获得了一次去伦敦度假的机会,我计划带着我妈妈。 动作的未完性、暂时性: I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I am doing. 我一做完手头上的事就去图书馆。 反复出现的动作,含有赞赏、厌恶等感情: He is always making the same mistake. 他总是犯同样的错误。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 (二)过去进行时的用法 (三)将来进行时 表示在将来某个特定的时间正在进行的活动。如: I’ll be working all evening so I won’t be able to see you. 我将会工作一整晚,所以我将不能见你。 用法 例句 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作 Tom was watching TV at eight last night. 昨晚八点Tom正在看电视。 表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作 I was planning to go on a trip to Greece the week before last. 我上上周一直在计划去希腊旅行。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空: ( )⑥—Ouch!You hurt me! —I am sorry.But I any harm.I to drive a rat out. A.didn’t mean;tried B.don’t mean;am trying C.haven’t meant;tried D.didn’t mean;was trying D 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 三、完成体 (一)现在完成时 1.表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。表示从过去 延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有:lately,recently,in the last/past few days/years(在过去的几天/年里),since then, up to now, so far(至今)等。如: In the past few years,great changes have taken place in my hometown. 在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 He has written 8 books so far. 到现在为止,他写了8本书了。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 2.表示一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响,注意这时说话者说话 的重心在过去的事情对现在产生的影响上。常用的状语有:already, just (刚刚),yet, before 等。如: He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.) 他已经关掉灯了。 The concert has started.(=The concert is on now.) 音乐会已经开始了。 I have already seen the film.(=I know the film now.) 我已经看过那部电影了。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 3.在“最高级+名词”或“It/This is the first/second...time”之后的定语 从句中,谓语动词用现在完成时。如: This is the first time(that)I have come here. 这是我第一次来这里。 This is the best tea(that)I have ever drunk. 这是我喝过的最好的茶了。 It’s my first good meal(that)I have had for ages. 这是好久以来我吃过的第一顿好饭。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 (二)过去完成时的用法 1.一件事情发生在过去,而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”) , 那么发生在前的动词要用过去完成时。如: She had learned some English before she came to the institute. 她在来学院前已经学过一些英语了。 He said that he had been abroad for 3 years. 他说他在国外待了3年了。 2.表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的 时间状语有:by/until/before/by the end of+“表过去的某一时间”。如: By then he had learned English for 3 years. 到那时,他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet. 到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 3.表示愿望、打算的词,如:hope,expect,mean,intend,want,suppose 等,其 过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意愿。如: I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿) I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at that moment. 我本想帮你的,但当时确实太忙了。 I had thought you would come the next day.我原以为你第二天会来。 4.用于某些固定句型中: (1)Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had...done...when...和No sooner had...done...than...句型结构中,when和than 从句中用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时,且用倒装,表示“刚刚……就… …”。如: Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down. 我刚到家,雨就瓢泼而下。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 (2)It was/had been+一段时间+since 从句。since 从句的谓语用过去完成时。如: It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 (3)That/It was the first/second...time that 从句。that 从句的谓语要用过去完成时。如: It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。 Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 我们才刚刚开动,汽车的轮胎就瘪了。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 四、完成进行体 现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,往往强调现在 还在进行。完成进行体是完成体和进行体的组合,因此,它具备完成体 和进行体的一些因素,如进行体的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等。 如: Mr. Smith has been overworking these days. I think he should take a holiday before he burns out. 这些天史密斯先生一直超负荷工作,我觉得他应该在累垮之前休假。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空: ( )⑦His first novel good reviews since it came out last month. A.receives B.is receiving C.will receive D.has received ( )⑧—Did Peter fix the computer himself ? —He ,because he doesn’t know much about computers. A.has it fixed B.had fixed it C.had it fixed D.fixed it ( )⑨Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School,where she English for a year. A.studies B.studied C.is studying D.has been studying D C D 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 考点二 动词时态的呼应 一、主将从现 所谓“主将从现”,即主句表将来(不一定为一般将来时,祈使句、“情 态动词+动词原形”也可表将来),从句(包括时间状语从句、条件状语 从句、让步状语从句)用现在时(不一定是一般现在时,现在进行时、现 在完成时也可在这类从句中表示将来)。如: If she is still waiting,tell her to go home. 如果她还在等,就让她回家。 I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 我一完成我的工作就和你一起去。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空: ( )①By the time you have finished this book,your meal cold. A.gets B.has got C.will get D.is getting ( )②—When shall we restart our business? —Not until we our plan. A.will finish B.are finishing C.are to finish D.have finished C D 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 二、含宾语从句的句子的时态一致问题 宾语从句中的动词时态常受主句谓语时态的制约。如果主句谓语为现 在时或将来时,宾语从句中的谓语可以不受影响。如: He says his father is/was/will be a teacher. 他说他父亲现在是老师/过去是老师/将会成为老师。 They will tell you that they live/lived/will live/have lived in Shanghai.他们 将会告诉你他们住在上海/曾在上海住过/将住在上海/一直住在上海。 如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词一般需用过去时的 某种时态,即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去完成进行 时、过去将来时、过去将来进行时等。如: 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 I was sure he was in bed.我确信他在床上睡觉。(be in bed与was sure同 时发生) He thought he was working for the people.他原以为他在为人民工作呢。 (thought发生时work正在进行) I wondered if she had got well.我想知道她是否痊愈了。(got well先于 wondered发生) He wanted to know what she had been doing.他想知道她一直在做什么。 (do从过去开始,一直持续到过去某一时间且在那时还在进行) I hoped I’d find a job soon.我希望我不久就会找到工作。(find在hoped 之后发生) I thought she’d be going by bus.我原以为她会乘公交车去呢。(go by bus在 thought之后发生) 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 注意: 1.当主句为一般过去时,宾语从句有明确的表过去的时间状语时,可不必 用过去完成时而用一般过去时。如: I knew he was born in 1991.我知道他生于1991年。 2.当宾语从句表达永恒的真理时,谓语动词不必变为过去时,而继续采用 一般现在时态。如: This proved that the earth is round. 这证明地球是圆的。 The teacher told us that the Yangtze River originates in Qinghai. 老师告诉我们长江发源于青海。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空: ( )③Did you predict that many students up for the dance competition? A.would sign B.signed C.have signed D.had signed ( )④It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they for me. A.had done B.did C.would do D.were doing A A 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 考点三 动词的语态 一、被动语态 1.被动语态的形式 英语中的语态包括主动语态和被动语态。被动语态由“be+动词的过 去分词”组成,助动词be随主语人称、时态和数的变化而变化。高考中 重要时态的被动语态形式如下: 时态的被动语态 例句 一般现在时 Trees are planted every year. 一般过去时 Trees were planted last year. 一般将来时 Trees will be planted next year. 现在进行时 Trees are being planted now. 过去进行时 Trees were being planted at that time. 现在完成时 Trees have already been planted. 过去完成时 Trees had been planted before he came. 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 2.被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或者无需指明谁是动作的执行者。 —The window is dirty. —I know.It hasn’t been cleaned for weeks. ——窗户脏了。 ——我知道。好几周没擦了。 (2)需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。 All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 除了经理以外,所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。 (3)在文章标题、广告或新闻中。 Girls Wanted招女工 Five-Year-Old Boy Kidnapped!五岁男童遭到绑架! 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 1.用所给动词(词组)的适当形式填空: ①In some parts of the world,tea is served (serve)with milk and sugar. ②The boy whom you lent the bike to was hit (hit)by a car. ③Lincoln is thought of (think of)as a friend of freedom. ④The teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies is called (call)gravity. ⑤He was so careless as to get run over (run over)yesterday. 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 2.单项填空: ( )⑥—What’s that noise? —Oh,I forgot to tell you.The new machine . A.was tested B.will be tested C.is being tested D.has been tested ( )⑦With the help of high technology,more and more new substances in the past years. A.discovered B.have discovered C.had been discovered D.have been discovered C D 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 二、主动形式表被动意义 1.“系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,be- come,fall,get,grow,keep等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构。如: The steel feels cold.钢摸起来很凉。 His plan proved(to be)practical.他的计划最终证明是切实可行的。 It has gone bad.这东西已经变质了。 2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词,如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end, shut,run,move 等。如: Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. 今天早上7点钟开始工作的。 The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day. 这个商店每天下午6点关门。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词,如read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive, sell,wash,clean,wear,cook,lock,dry,eat,drink等。这类动词一般不单独使 用,常有一个修饰语。如: This coat dries easily.这件外套容易干。 Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。 Your article reads very well.你的文章读起来很不错。 This material has worn thin.这个材料已经磨薄了。 The match won’t catch.火柴擦不着。 The plan worked out wonderfully.这项计划进展得很好。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 4.少数动词用于进行时,其主动形式表示被动含义,如print,cook,sell等。如: The meat is cooking.肉正在炖着。 5.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:have(有),wish(希望),cost (花费),last(持续),arise(出现),date back to(追溯到),run out(用完),break out(爆发),happen(发生), take place(发生), occur(发生),agree with(同意), arrive at/in(到达),shake hands with(握手),succeed in(成功),suffer from (受 苦),take part in(参加),walk into/enter(走进),belong to(属于) 等。如: A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。 Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 一、一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别 一般过去时所表示的过去时间是可以具体确定的,与其他时间没有牵 连,它所表示的事情纯属过去;现在完成时说的是现在的情况。比较下 面几组句子,体会两种时态的不同: 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 二、一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别 1.一般过去时是指过去的动作或情况,而过去完成时指过去的一个动作 或时间之前发生的事。如: He had learned 3,000 English words before he came to this school. 他来这个学校之前就已经学了3,000个英语单词了。 2.过去完成时的时间状语常用by或before 引导的短语或从句表示,如by that time,by the end of 2010,before 2000,by the time+句子(一般过去时) 等。如: He had finished writing the book by the end of last month. 到上个月底为止,他已经写完这本书了。 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 三、过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别 1.两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用,但现在完成时表示的是延 续到现在或同现在有关的动作(句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语), 而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的 动作(句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语)。 2.比较下面的说法: 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 单项填空: ( )①The new suspension bridge by the end of last month. A.has been designed B.had been designed C.was designed D.would be designed ( )②— David and Vicky married? —For about three years. A.How long were;being B.How long have;got C.How long have;been D.How long did;get B C 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引考点知识全面总结 ( )③—I saw Dave in the lift this morning. —Really?He around here for a long time. A.won’t be seen B.wasn’t seen C.hasn’t been seen D.hadn’t been seen ( )④He works in China now,but he in Africa for eight years. A.worked B.has worked C.had worked D.has been working D A 命题规律趋势探究 考点知识全面总结 栏目索引 高考题组训练 模拟预测题组训练查看更多