2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit4SectionⅢGrammar—现在分词作状语

2020届人教版高考英语必修四课堂要点精析讲义：Unit4SectionⅢGrammar—现在分词作状语

Section_ⅢGrammar— 现在分词作状语 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①... I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.‎ ‎②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.‎ ‎③She stepped back appearing surprised ...‎ ‎④Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.‎ ‎⑤When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door ...‎ ‎⑥Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away.‎ ‎⑦The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.‎ ‎⑧Hearing the news, they jumped for joy.‎ ‎⑨Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是①②③④⑤；作时间状语的是⑥；作结果状语的是⑦；作原因状语的是⑧⑨。‎ ‎(2)比较句⑧和⑨可知：句⑧中动词ing形式短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生；句⑨中动词ing形式短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。‎ ‎(3)观察句①～⑨可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。‎ 一、现在分词作状语的用法 现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。‎ ‎1．作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)。‎ Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.‎ ‎＝When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an old friend.‎ 当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。‎ ‎[名师点津]　当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。‎ ‎2．作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)‎ Being ill, he couldn’t go to school.‎ ‎＝As he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.‎ 因为生病了，他无法去上学。‎ ‎3．作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加if, unless等连词)‎ Working hard, you’ll make great progress.‎ ‎＝If you work hard, you’ll make great progress.‎ 如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。‎ ‎4．作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。‎ The plate dropped from her hands, breaking into pieces.‎ 盘子从她手中掉了下来，摔成了碎片。‎ ‎[名师点津]　现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：‎ He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold.‎ 被雨淋后他感冒了。‎ I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.‎ 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。‎ ‎5．作让步、方式和伴随状语 现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。‎ Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.‎ ‎＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.‎ 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。‎ ‎[名师点津]　为强调动词ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when, while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before, after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。‎ Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.‎ 尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。‎ ‎[即时演练1] ‎ ‎(1)分析下列各句中现在分词作状语的类型 ‎①Hearing the news, they immediately set off for the station. 时间状语 ‎②Not knowing his address, I can’t write to him.原因状语 ‎③The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.结果状语 ‎④Living miles away, he attended the lecture.让步状语 ‎⑤He lay in bed, reading a novel.伴随状语 ‎⑥Using a stick, the painter drew a picture on the ground in ten minutes.方式状语 ‎⑦Keeping on your feet, you will make yourself more tired.条件状语 ‎(2)补全句子 ‎①(湖南高考改编)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring_at_the_night_sky (凝视着夜空)．‎ ‎②Being_poor (因为穷), he can’t afford a computer.‎ ‎③(2016·北京高考改编)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street, turning_the_old_town_into (把老城变成) a dreamland.‎ 二、现在分词作状语注意事项 ‎1．现在分词的时态 现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。‎ ‎(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。‎ Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.‎ 我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)‎ ‎(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。‎ Having finished the letter, he went to post it.‎ 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)‎ ‎[即时演练2]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①(2016·天津高考改编)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎②Having_worked (work) for three hours, he took a rest.‎ ‎③Having_lived (live) in Beijing for years, I almost know every place quite well.‎ ‎④(江西高考改编)Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.‎ ‎⑤Seeing (see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.‎ ‎2．现在分词的语态 使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。‎ Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.(现在分词的被动式)‎ 被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。‎ Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)‎ 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①Being_talked (talk) to, you should look into the eyes of the person.‎ ‎②Having_been_told (tell) for several times, he still couldn’t understand the rules.‎ ‎③Having_received (receive) his reply, she rang him up.‎ ‎④(重庆高考改编)Having_been_asked (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.‎ ‎3．动词ing形式的否定式：not＋v.ing; not having＋v.ed Not knowing this, he didn’t come.‎ 他不知道这件事，所以没来。‎ Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.‎ 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。‎ ‎4．独立主格 动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。‎ The trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.‎ 那些树非常高，其中一些测量为90多米。‎ The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.‎ 由于天气好，我们去散步了。‎ ‎[即时演练4] ‎ ‎(1)补全句子 ‎①(江苏高考改编)The_lecture_having_been_given (讲座结束后), a lively questionandanswer session followed.‎ ‎②Spring_coming_on (春天来了), the trees turned green.‎ ‎(2)用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子 ‎①If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.‎ ‎→Weather permitting,_we shall go there on foot.‎ ‎②After Mary came back, they discussed it together.‎ ‎→Mary coming back,_they discussed it together.‎ ‎5．现在分词作评注性状语 有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking“一般来说”， judging by/from ...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。‎ Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.‎ 从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Having_selected (select) the proper present, they sent it to their respectable professor.‎ ‎2．Not knowing (know) what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back.‎ ‎3．Hearing (hear) the signal, people ran out of the building.‎ ‎4．Judging (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon.‎ ‎5．The decision_having_been_made (make), what is to be done now is how to carry it out.‎ ‎6．Working (work) harder at English, you’ll make greater progress.‎ ‎7．When exploring the cave, they found a valuable mineral.‎ ‎8．It being (be) Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to do physical exercises.‎ ‎9．Looking (look) out through the window, we saw a beautiful scenery.‎ ‎10．The case shocked the public, causing (cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．Personally_speaking,_I’m satisfied with your performance.‎ 就个人而言，我满意你的表现。‎ ‎2．The film star intended to leave quickly, only_to_be_surrounded_by_his_fans.‎ 这位影星想迅速离开，却被他的粉丝包围了。‎ ‎3．Football is played all over the world, making_it_a_popular_sport.‎ 全世界都踢足球，因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。‎ ‎4．There_being_no_customers,_they closed the store.‎ 因为没有顾客，他们关了店门。‎ ‎5．I stood by the door, not_daring_to_say_a_word.‎ 我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。‎ ‎6．Having_tried_many_times (＝Though he had tried many times), he still couldn’‎ t succeed.‎ 尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。‎ ‎7．Setting_off_earlier/If_setting_off_earlier (＝If you set off earlier), you’ll get to the town at dusk.‎ 如果早点儿出发的话，你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇。‎ ‎8．Having_apologized_to_his_teacher_for_his_rude_manner (＝After he had apologized to his teacher for his rude manner), he made a promise that he wouldn’t make the same mistake.‎ 因自己的粗鲁行为而向老师道歉后，他许诺以后将不再犯同样的错误。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Hong Kong Ocean Park, __1__ (open) in 1977, is located on the south end of Hong Kong‎ ‎Island. It __2__ (cover) __3__ area of 69 hectares, __4__ (make) it the __5__ (large) ocean park in the world. The park has all __6__ (kind) of facilities, __7__ not only offer people a place __8__ (see) all kinds of living animals in the ocean but play many __9__ (excite) games as well. What __10__ (make) us more pleased is that Pandas Jiajia and Anan from the mainland are also living in the park. Therefore, Hong Kong‎ Ocean ‎Park is the most popular theme park in the world.‎ 答案：1.opened　2.covers　3.an　4.making　5.largest　6.kinds　7.which　8.to see　9.exciting　10.makes