2019届一轮复习人教版必修一unit1friendship学案(3)

2019届一轮复习人教版必修一unit1friendship学案(3)

‎1．核心单词 ‎(1)upset (adj.) 心烦意乱的；不适的；不安的 (vt.‎) 使不安；使心烦；弄翻；搅乱→upset (过去式/过去分词)→upsetting (现在分词)‎ ‎(2)ignore (vt.‎) 不理睬；忽视 ‎(3)calm (adj.) 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 (vt.‎&vi.) (使)平静；(使)镇定→calmly (adv.) 沉着地；镇静地 ‎(4)concern (vt.) (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 (n.) 担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned (adj.) 担心的；忧虑的→concerning (prep.) 关于；涉及 ‎(5)outdoors (adv.) 在户外；在野外→outdoor (adj.) 户外的；室外的 ‎(6)settle (vi.) 定居；安家；停留 (vt.‎) 解决；安排；使定居→settlement (n.) 定居点；解决 ‎(7)suffer (vt. &vi.) 遭受；忍受；经历→suffering (n.) 折磨；苦难 ‎(8)recover (vt. &vi.) 痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery (n.) 康复；痊愈；复得 ‎(9)pack (vt. &vi.) 捆扎；包装；打行李 (n.) 小包；包裹 ‎(10)disagree (vi.) 不同意→disagreement (n.) 不同意→agree (vi.) 同意→agreement (n.) 同意 ‎2.阅读单词 ‎(1)loose (adj.) 松的；松开的 ‎(2)series (n.) 连续；系列 ‎(3)dusk (n.) 黄昏；傍晚 ‎(4)thunder (vi.) 打雷；雷鸣 (n.) 雷；雷声 ‎(5)entire (adj.) 整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely (adv.) 完全地；全然地；整个地 ‎(6)power (n.) 能力；力量；权力→powerful (adj.) 强大的；有力的→powerless (adj.) 无力的；没有能力的 ‎(7)curtain (n.) 窗帘；门帘；幕布 ‎(8)dusty (adj.) 积满灰尘的→dust (n.) 灰尘；尘土 ‎(9)suitcase (n.) 手提箱；衣箱 ‎(10)teenager (n.) 十几岁的青少年 ‎(11)exactly (adv.) 确实如此；正是；确切地→exact (adj.) 精确的；准确的 ‎(12)grateful (adj.) 感激的；表示谢意的 ‎(13)tip (n.) 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 (vt.‎) 倾斜；翻倒 ‎【即景活用】‎ 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by ________ (add) new regulations for opting out.‎ 答案：adding ‎2．Now similar ________ (concern) are being raised by the giants (巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age.‎ 答案：concerns ‎3．Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually ________ (settle) in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.‎ 答案：settled ‎4．Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others ________ (suffer)．‎ 答案：suffer ‎5．Good teamwork is a ________ (power) tool for effective management.‎ 答案：powerful ‎6．They are required to process the food that we eat, ________ (recover) from injury and for several other bodily functions.‎ 答案：to recover ‎7．In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations ________ (calm) and sensibly.‎ 答案：calmly ‎8．Yet instead of ________ (courage) by my slow progress, I was excited.‎ 答案：being discouraged ‎9．Nobody entering a university knows ________ (exact) what they want to study.‎ 答案：exactly ‎10．Camping ________ (outdoor) is my favorite way to enjoy nature while she prefers to stay indoors.‎ 答案：outdoors 联想积累 ‎1．“adv. ＋n.”构成的合成词 ‎①outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外 outdoor adj. 户外的；露天的 ‎②indoors adv. 在室内；往室内 indoor adj. 室内的；户内的 ‎③upstairs adv. 在楼上；往楼上adj. 楼上的 ‎④downstairs adv. 在楼下；往楼下adj. 楼下的 ‎⑤uptown adv. 在/向住宅区adj. (位于市镇外围)住宅区的 ‎⑥downtown adv. 在商业/闹市区adj. 商业区的；闹市区的 ‎2．副词“完全地”家族 ‎①entirely ‎②totally ‎③wholly ‎④fully ‎⑤absolutely ‎⑥completely ‎3．“感谢”家族 ‎①grateful adj. 感激的 gratitude n. 感激 ‎②appreciate vt. 感激；感谢 appreciation n. 感激 ‎③thank vt. 感谢 thankful adj. 感激的 ‎④acknowledge vt. 感谢；承认 acknowledgement n. 鸣谢；感谢；承认 ‎4．dis否定前缀高频词集锦 ‎①dislike vt. 不喜欢 ‎②disagree vi. 不同意 ‎③discourage vt. 使气馁 ‎④discover vt. 发现 ‎⑤disobey vt. 不服从 ‎⑥disability n. 残疾 ‎⑦disadvantage n. 不利条件；弱点 ‎⑧disappear vi. 消失 ‎⑨disappoint vt. 使失望 ‎⑩disclose vt. 揭开；泄露 ‎1．add_up合计 ‎2．a_series_of一连串的；一系列；一套 ‎3．in_order_to为了……‎ ‎4．pack_(sth.)_up将(东西)装箱打包 ‎5．be_concerned_about关心；挂念 ‎6．get along with 与……相处；进展 ‎7．go through 经历；经受 ‎8．suffer from 遭受；患病 ‎9．be/get tired of 对……厌烦 ‎10．set down 记下；放下；登记 ‎【即景活用】‎ 用所给短语的适当形式填空 settle down， go through， fall in love， a series of， in order to，calm down ‎1．She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to ________ and sleep.‎ 答案：calm down ‎2．Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ________， get married, and have kids.‎ 答案：settle down ‎3．When you are ________ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.‎ 答案：going through ‎4．________ get to school on time, he got up early.‎ 答案：In order to ‎5．When the author saw the basket in the shop window, she ________ with it.‎ 答案：fell in love ‎6．The psychologist Michael has studied this cooperativeness (协作) in ________ experiments with very young children.‎ 答案：a series of 联想积累 ‎1．动词＋down(写、记)短语 ‎①set down 记下；放下；登记 ‎②write down 写下 ‎③put down 记下；放下 ‎④note down 记下 ‎⑤copy down 抄下 ‎⑥take down 记下；记录；取下 ‎2．与face to face相似的短语 ‎①hearttoheart 真诚的；敞开心扉的 ‎②shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 ‎③hand in hand 手拉手 ‎④neck and neck 齐头并进 ‎⑤side by side 肩并肩地 ‎⑥step by step 一步一步地 ‎3．“在……时刻”等的表达 ‎①at dusk 在黄昏 ‎②at dawn 在黎明 ‎③at noon 在正午 ‎④at midnight 在午夜 ‎1．While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.‎ 遛狗时，你不小心把狗松开了，它被车撞了。‎ ‎2．She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.‎ 她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。‎ ‎【句式仿写】‎ ‎1．My father was so tired that he fell asleep ____________________________________ (在读报时)．‎ 答案：while (he was) reading the newspaper ‎2．If you miss this chance, ____________________________ (可能需要很多年才能) you get another one.‎ 答案：it may be many years before 联想积累 It＋be＋时间＋从句结构 ‎①It is/was＋时间点＋when ... “当……的时候，时间是……”。‎ ‎②It is/has been＋时间段＋since ... “自从……以来有一段时间了”。‎ ‎③It is/will be＋时间段＋before ... “过多久才……”。‎ ‎[单词点津]‎ upset　adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　vt. 使不安；使心烦；弄翻；搅乱 ‎[教材原句]Your friend comes to school very upset.‎ 你的朋友来上学时心情很不好。‎ ‎(1)be upset about sth. 为某事烦心 be upset that ... ……让人不安 ‎(2)upset oneself about sth. 使自己为某事烦恼 It upsets sb. that ... /to do sth.‎ 让某人心烦的是……/做某事让某人心烦 ‎(3)upset作动词时，还有“打翻；打乱；使(身体)不舒服”之意 upset one's stomach 使肠胃不适 ‎【特别提醒】‎ ‎(1)upset充当形容词时，常用作表语，不能作定语。‎ ‎(2)upset的过去式和过去分词形式仍为upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset ________ what had happened to the couple.‎ ‎②She was upset ________ her application for the position was ‎ refused.‎ 答案：①about　②that ‎(2)单句改错 She stood up suddenly, upset a glass of wine.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：upset前加and或upset→upsetting ‎(3)完成句子 ‎①Hannah was ____________. She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.‎ Hannah心里很不安。她不能理解为什么一些人没有庇护之所，或没有足够的食物。‎ ‎②He arrived an hour late and ________ all our arrangements.‎ 他迟到了一个小时，把我们的一切安排都打乱了。‎ 答案：①very upset　②upset concern　vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到　n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系 ‎[教材原句]Tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.‎ 告诉你的朋友你很关心他/她，下课后你们会见面交谈。‎ ‎(1)concern oneself about 对……表示关心/担心 ‎(2)concerned adj. 担心的；关注的；有关的 be concerned about/for 担心……；关心……‎ be concerned with 与……有关；涉及 as far as ... be concerned 就……而言；在……看来 ‎(3)concerning prep. 有关；关于 ‎【特别提醒】‎ ‎(1)concern用作名词，表示“关怀，关心”时，是不可数名词，而表示“对某人来说重要或感兴趣的事”时，是可数名词。‎ ‎(2)concerned作形容词充当前置定语时，意为“‎ 关心的，挂念的，担心的”；如果要表示“相关的，有关的”，作定语要后置。例如：a concerned look “关切的神色”；the authorities concerned “有关当局”。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①________ (concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.‎ ‎②This chapter concerns itself ________ the historical background.‎ 答案：①Concerned　②with ‎(2)单句改错 He asked several questions concerned the future of the company.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：concerned→concerning或concerned后加with ‎(3)完成句子 ‎________________________， the matter is closed.‎ 对我来说，事情已了结。‎ 答案：As far as I am concerned settle　vt. 使定居；安排；解决　vi. 安家；定居；停留 ‎[教材原句]She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place, because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.‎ 她发现很难在藏身地安稳地住下来，因为她非常担心是否他们会被发现。‎ ‎(1)settle down 安居下来；使平静下来 settle down to sth. 开始认真对待某事 settle in 在……居住；安顿下来 settle on/upon 就……达成协议；最后决定 ‎(2)settler n. 移民；殖民者 settlement n. 定居；解决；协议 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①With the difficult problem ________ (settle), he went to the cinema with his friends.‎ ‎②They failed to reach a ________ (settle), because they disagreed too much with each other.‎ 答案：①settled　②settlement ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①He wants me to ____________， but now I want him to find an adventure.‎ 他想让我安定下来，但现在我希望他去冒险试一下。‎ ‎②Most radio stations __________ these areas of the town.‎ 大部分广播电台坐落在城镇的这些地方。‎ 答案：①settle down　②settle in suffer　vt. & vi. 遭受；忍受；经历 ‎[教材原句]She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.‎ 她饱受孤独折磨，但是在那儿她不得不学着喜欢它。‎ ‎(1)suffer vt. 遭受；忍受 如：suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/hardship 遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/饥饿/苦难 ‎(2)suffer vi. 后常接from，表示“受……折磨；受……之苦；患某种疾病”‎ 如：suffer from a bad cold/headaches/trouble/overwork/floods/droughts/a natural disaster 得了重感冒/遭受头疼/遭受麻烦/劳累过度/遭受水灾/遭受干旱/遭受自然灾害 ‎(3)suffering n. [U](指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦；疼痛；困难[C]痛苦/苦恼的事 sufferer n. 患病者；受苦者；受害者 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Many companies are suffering ________ a shortage of skilled staff.‎ ‎②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of ________ (suffer) during the war.‎ 答案：①from　②sufferings ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①It was as a result of the accident that the company ______________________.‎ 正是由于那次事故，该公司才遭受了重大损失。‎ ‎②____________________ heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.‎ 由于多年患有心脏病，怀特教授无论到哪里都要随身带药。‎ 答案：①suffered a heavy loss　②Having suffered from recover　vt.& vi. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 ‎[教材原句]How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it's so dirty and dusty?‎ 在这样脏的、布满灰尘的房间里，琳达的病怎么会好呢？‎ ‎(1)recover one's strength/balance 恢复体力/身体平衡 recover from 从……中恢复过来 ‎(2)recovery n. 恢复；复苏；痊愈；取回；复得 make a recovery from ... (＝recover from ... ) 从……中恢复过来 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①With the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering ________ his heart operation.‎ ‎②The owner has offered a reward for the ________ (recover) of the stolen goods.‎ 答案：①from　②recovery ‎(2)完成句子 The police eventually __________________________stored in the PalaceMuseum.‎ 警方最终追回了储藏在故宫博物院被盗的油画。‎ 答案：recovered the stolen paintings ‎[短语点拨]‎ add up 合计；加起来 ‎[教材原句]Add up your score and see how many points you get.‎ 把你的分数加起来看看能得多少分。‎ ‎(1)add sth. to sth.把某物加到/进某物里 add up to加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)‎ add to增加；增添 ‎(2)add that ... 补充说……‎ ‎(3)addition n. 加；(数)加法；增加 in addition另外；此外(还有)‎ in addition to 除……之外 ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①The teacher asked me if I was ready, ________ (add) that everybody was waiting for me at the school gate.‎ ‎②Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in ________ to seasonal specials.‎ 答案：①adding　②addition ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①The numbers ____________ exactly 100.‎ 这些数字的总数恰好是100。‎ ‎②The bad weather only ____________ our difficulties.‎ 恶劣的天气更增加了我们的困难。‎ 答案：①add up to　②added to go through 经历；经受；检查；完成；用完；通过；浏览 ‎[教材原句]Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through?‎ 或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正在经历的事情？‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)写出下列句子中go through的含义 ‎①This year we have gone through too many natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods and mudslides.‎ ‎________‎ ‎②Her application went through and she was employed.________‎ ‎③We spent days going through all related reference materials.________‎ ‎④The boys went through two whole loaves of bread.________‎ 答案：①经历　②通过；批准　③仔细检查；审查　④用完；耗尽 ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①We ______________ him from the start.‎ 一开始我们就识破他了。‎ ‎②The sun ______________ at last in the afternoon.‎ 下午太阳终于破云而出。‎ 答案：①saw through　②broke through get along/on with 与……相处；进展 ‎[教材原句]I'm getting along well with a boy in my class.‎ 我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。‎ get along/on (well/nicely) with sb.与某人相处得(好)‎ get along/on (well/nicely/smoothly) with sth. 某事进展得(好/顺利)‎ get down to 开始认真做；开始着手做 get over 克服；摆脱 get rid of 消灭；摆脱；除掉 get through 接通电话；用完；正式通过 ‎【即景活用】‎ 完成句子 ‎①We were held up for materials at first, but now we are ________________ quite nicely.‎ 我们起初因为材料被延误，但是现在进行得十分顺利。‎ ‎②While the students came from different countries, they ______________ in the summer camp.‎ 尽管学生们来自不同的国家，可是他们在夏令营相处得很好。‎ ‎③It's time that I ____________________ thinking about that essay.‎ 我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。‎ ‎④She can't ____________ her shyness.‎ 她无法克服羞怯心理。‎ 答案：①getting along/on　②got along/on well ‎③got/should get down to　④get over ‎[句型与语法]‎ ‎[教材原句]I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.‎ 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。‎ 强调句型结构：‎ ‎(1)陈述句：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ... ‎ ‎(2)疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who ...?‎ ‎(3)特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was ＋ it ＋ that/who ...?‎ ‎(4)not ... until的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that ... ‎ ‎【特别提醒】‎ ‎(1)若被强调的是人，可用that或who；若被强调的部分是物时，一律用that。另外要注意：本句型不能用于强调原句的谓语动词。‎ ‎(2)强调句型的判断方法：将it is/was和that/who 同时去掉，看剩下的部分是否仍然是一个完整的句子，若完整，则是强调句型。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 It is love and responsibility ________ have driven him to go through many hardships.‎ 答案：that ‎(2)单句改错 ‎①It was not until the area was seriously polluted when they realized it was high time to take action.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎②Do you know when it was the teacher left the classroom?‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：①when→that　②was后加that ‎[教材原句]The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face.‎ 漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我全然被这种力量镇住了，这是我一年半来第一次目睹夜晚。‎ It/This/That is/was the first (second/third ... ) time that ... 某人第一(二/三……)次做某事 ‎(1)该句型当主句为一般现在时时，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时；当主句为一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ ‎(2)It is ＋(high) time ＋ that ... 是该做某事的时候了(从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形)‎ ‎(3)It is time (for sb.) to do sth. 是该(某人)做某事的时候了 ‎(4)There was a time when ... 一度/曾经……‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①It is the second time that you ________ (fail) in the experiment. It is time that you ________ (reflect) upon your mistakes.‎ ‎②I can well remember there was a time ________ my parents worked hard day and night to support the family.‎ 答案：①have failed; reflected/should reflect　②when ‎(2)单句改错 She said that it was the second time that the boy has asked the same question.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：has→had ‎[教材原句]Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.‎ 妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热。‎ 陈述句和疑问句的直接引语和间接引语 ‎(1)直接引语就是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内。间接引语就是转述别人的话。‎ ‎(2)直接引语和间接引语相互转换的一般规则 ‎①直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略)，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。但是当引述的是客观事实、科学真理以及格言等内容时，间接引语中的时态不必改变。‎ ‎②直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序(主语在谓语动词的前面)，句末用句号。主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。‎ a．主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接宾语的，可以加一个间接宾语(如me, him或us等)。‎ b．直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，变为由连词if或whether引导的宾语从句。‎ c．直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，变为由原疑问词引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎【即景活用】‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①He asked ________ we were going away that day.‎ ‎②He said ________ his bike was stolen and that he would have to telephone the police.‎ 答案：①if/whether　②that ‎(2)单句改错 ‎①She said that she has not heard from him since May.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎②The teacher said the moon moved around the earth.‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 答案：①has→had　②moved→moves Anne, a Jewish girl, __1__ (hide) away from the German Nazis with her family for nearly 25 months __2__ they were discovered.‎ During her stay in the hiding place, Anne set __3__ in her diary a series of things she was going through. As far as she __4__ (concern), her diary was her best friend to __5__ she could tell everything. There was a time __6__ she grew very crazy about everything __7__ (do) with nature. Once she stayed upstairs at night on purpose, which was the first time in a year and a half that she __8__ (see) that beautiful scene face to face. At that moment she was held __9__ (entire) in the power of nature. What a poor and brave girl she was! In her mind, she thought nature was one thing that really must __10__ (experience)．‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　‎ ‎5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________‎ 答案：1.hid　2.before　3.down　4.was concerned　5.whom　6.when　7.to do　8.had seen　9.entirely　10.be experienced