【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题有提示词为谓语动词解题指导（八）：特殊动词(短语)特殊对待（10页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题有提示词为谓语动词解题指导（八）：特殊动词(短语)特殊对待（10页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题有提示词为谓语动词解题指导（八）：特殊动词(短语)特殊对待 技法八 ‎ 特殊动词(短语)特殊对待 有些动词(短语)的用法特殊，例如表示所属关系的belong to不用于进行时和被动语态；date back to/date from常用于一般现在时；系动词均无被动语态，此类动词有sound, look, smell, taste, feel, prove, appear等。对此熟练掌握是准确解题的前提。‎ ‎1.(2018·铁岭市联考)It is about taking action to show the world that the right to read and write (belong) to all people.‎ 解析：belongs　主句为“It is about taking action to show the world”， that引导宾语从句，其中主语是the right, to read and write是不定式作定语， belong to为句子的谓语，它没有进行时和被动语态，故填belongs。‎ ‎2．(2018·泰安市模拟)The festival (date) back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC－AD 220)．‎ 解析：dates　date back to意为“追溯到”，没有被动语态，且常用一般现在时，故填dates。‎ ‎3．That piece of music (sound) quite familiar.Who is playing upstairs?‎ 解析：sounds　句意：那首曲子听起来特别熟悉。谁在楼上演奏呢？系动词sound无被动语态，常用主动形式表达被动意义；根据语境“谁正在演奏呢”可知，应使用一般现在时，故答案为sounds。‎ ‎1．看时间状语定时态 ‎(1)看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等要想到用一般现在时；‎ ‎(2)看到yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day, one rainy day等要想到用一般过去时；‎ ‎(3)看到tomorrow, next year, in a week等要想到用一般将来时态；‎ ‎(4)看到all the time, at present, now, at this moment等要想到用现在进行时；‎ ‎(5)看到already, just, yet, so far, for＋一段时间；since＋过去的时间点或ever since; in/over/during/for the last/past＋一段时间等要想到用现在完成时。‎ ‎(6)看到by, by the end of, by the time等后接过去时间点要想到用过去完成时。‎ One rainy day, as he went for a walk, a leaping frog drew his attention to a puddle.‎ 在一个雨天，他散步的时候，一只跳跃的青蛙使他注意到一个水坑。‎ Lanzhou’s cooking culture has developed its own time honored characteristics over the years.‎ 这些年来，兰州的饮食文化已经发展出了它自己历史悠久的风格。‎ ‎2．记特定句型定时态 ‎(1)be doing ...when ...，主句常用过去进行时，从句常用一般过去时。‎ ‎(2)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...表示“自从……以来已经……”， since从句中用一般过去时。‎ ‎(3)This/It/That is the first/second ...time that ...表示“这/那是……第几次……”，后面的从句要用现在完成时。‎ This/It/That was the first/second ...time that ...表示“这/那是……第几次……”，后面的句子要用过去完成时。‎ ‎(4)It’s (high) time that ...did/should do sth.‎ 表示“到了……该做某事的时间了”。‎ ‎(5)would rather that ‎(6)表示“命令，建议”的词引导从句时，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ It has been five years since he joined the army.‎ 他参军五年了。‎ It’s high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make small changes.‎ 到了父母和孩子该采取措施进行小的改变的时候了。‎ It’s strongly recommended that the machines (should) be checked every ‎ year.‎ 强烈建议每年检查一次这些机器。‎ ‎3．观固定结构定主谓一致 ‎(1)不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)，或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎(2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like，but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语的单复数形式保持一致。‎ ‎(3)由or, either ...or ..., not ...but ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but (also) ...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎(4)由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.‎ 那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。‎ My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing.‎ 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。‎ Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ 或者是你或者是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。‎ ‎4．看主谓关系定语态 动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点：‎ ‎(1)主语和谓语的关系一般分为两种：主动关系和被动关系。主动关系使用主动语态，被动关系使用被动语态。‎ ‎(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be done。‎ ‎(3)做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。‎ ‎(4)主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考查。‎ To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ 使我高兴的是，我从成百上千申请参加开幕仪式的人员中当选。‎ 考生常因不能判定是填谓语动词还是非谓语动词而失分，那么如何确定空格处填谓语动词还是非谓语动词呢？‎ ‎1．找句中“题眼”，确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 ‎(1)若句中找不到谓语，则所给动词应该作谓语 一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语。一般来讲，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，那么这个空就应填谓语动词。谓语动词需考虑动词的时态、语态、主谓一致等。‎ ‎①(2018·北京高考改编)China’s highspeed railways (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。由该句时间状语“in the past few years”可知，该空应用现在完成时have grown。‎ ‎②(2016·四川高考)The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，句子中没有谓语，故空格处应作谓语。大熊猫被世界各地的人们喜爱是客观事实，应用一般现在时；且panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。‎ ‎(2)若句中已有谓语动词，且另一动作(空格处)不作并列谓语时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。‎ 非谓语动词需确定是v.ing形式、v.ed形式还是不定式。‎ ‎③(2018·北京高考改编)During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather together (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.‎ 分析：本句中已有谓语动词gather，且空格处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词。“ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼，用动词不定式表目的，故填to share。‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs.‎ 分析：句意：熟练的工人也把各种各样的硬木和金属结合起来以创造出特别的样式。本句中已经有谓语动词combine，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语，故填to create。‎ ‎(3)排除干扰，切忌“只见树木不见森林”‎ ‎⑤ (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.‎ 分析：看到此题，考生可能会根据and认为应与前面的某个成分并列，是与believed并列、与would remind并列还是与killings并列？分析句子结构可知，believed后接宾语从句，宾语从句由and连接两个并列谓语。但此处描述的是过去的事实，应用一般过去时，又因主语是knives，故填were。 ‎ ‎⑥(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ 分析：本题存在一题多义、一词多性的特征，考生易误填was conducted或were conducted。因为考生容易把names误作名词而认为空格处应填谓语动词。实际上，分析句子结构可知，空格所在句已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。故填conducted。‎ ‎2．通过6组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词 ‎[题组一]‎ 示例 ‎①He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week. ‎ ‎②He volunteered to help control traffic, and (donate) an hour of his time every week.‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，①中空格处为现在分词作伴随状语；②中空格处与volunteered并列作谓语。故①填donating；②填donated。‎ ‎[题组二]‎ 示例 ‎① (call) me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. ‎ ‎② (call) me tomorrow, I’ll let you know the lab result.‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，①句为句式“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”；②句为分词短语作条件状语。故①填Call；②填Calling。‎ ‎[题组三]‎ 示例 ‎①The guide (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. ‎ ‎②The guide (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词so。分析句子结构可知，①句为独立主格结构作原因状语；②句so连接两个并列句，空格处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词时态一致。故①填leading；②填led。‎ ‎[题组四]‎ 示例 ‎①The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit)．‎ ‎②The party will be held in the garden, if weather (permit)．‎ 分析 两句的差别是连词if。分析句子结构可知，①句为独立主格结构作条件状语；②句为if引导的条件状语从句。故①填permitting；②填permits。‎ ‎[题组五]‎ 示例 ‎①Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention (fix) on it. ‎ ‎②Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (with) all his attention (fix) on it. ‎ ‎③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (fix) all his attention on it.‎ 分析 三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，①句为and连接的两个并列句，通过时态、语态的分析，应用一般过去时的被动语态；②句为独立主格结构(with复合结构)；③句为现在分词短语作伴随状语。故①填was fixed；②填fixed；③填fixing。‎ ‎[题组六]‎ 示例 ‎①He went into the room, (sit) at the table and began to read newspapers. ‎ ‎②They walked along the stream together, (talk) and laughing.‎ 分析 两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。①句为and连接三个并列谓语；②句为and连接两个伴随状语。故①填sat；②填talking。‎ 一、 ‎ 单句对点练——练明考点 ‎1.(2018·江苏高考改编)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the past two years.‎ 解析：had been carried　本题的关键在于抓住题干中的两个时间状语last month和in the past two years。carry out所表示的动作发生在sent之前，是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时态，且the development plan和carry out之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态had been carried。‎ ‎2．(2018·福州期末)After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, hutong conditions (improve)．‎ 解析：were improved　句意：1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，胡同的状况得到了改善。该句主语为“hutong conditions”，和动词improve之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；根据该句中的时间状语可知，该句介绍 过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, (call) Science Daily.‎ 解析：is called　句意：另一个“我”每天查看的精彩的网站被称作Science Daily。“one that I check out every day”是主语“Another wonderful site”的同位语，且主语和call之间构成被动关系，再结合本句的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．(2018·广西桂林百色模拟)When we mention the most famous Chinese painting of the Northern Song, the image coming into people’s mind (be) the Along the River During the Qingming Festival. ‎ 解析：is/will be　句意：当我们提及北宋最著名的国画时，映入人们脑海的是《清明上河图》。根据句意可知，该句叙述的是一般常识，故用一般现在时，也可以用一般将来时表示倾向、习惯、必然发生的事。该句主语为“the image”，故谓语动词用is或will be。‎ ‎5．(2018·昆明市调研)The Silk Road was a passage for the transportation of silk in ancient times.Lots of relics on the road can still (see) now.‎ 解析：be seen　第二句的主语是Lots of relics，与谓语动词see之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；前面有情态动词can，所以填be seen。‎ ‎6．The travelers and merchants also (carry) many ideas, philosophies and religions with them along the Silk Road.Of all these, Buddhism, which came from India, had the greatest influence on Chinese culture.‎ 解析：carried　该句讲述的是过去发生的事，因此本句应用一般过去时，故填carried。‎ ‎7．(2019·郑州第一次质量预测)So even though I (defeat) in my last debate, I’m still thankful for being part of my wonderful debate family.‎ 解析：was defeated　句意：因此，尽管在上次的辩论中我被击败了，但我仍然感谢自己是非常 棒的辩论家族的一员。根据句意可知此处用被动语态，且此处描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎8．(2018·江西五校第一次联考)These bacteria (be) able to resist powerful antibiotic (抗生素) drugs.‎ 解析：are　此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“These bacteria”可知，应填are。‎ ‎9．However, thanks to the international agreement，there (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.‎ 解析：has been　句意：然而，多亏了这项国际协议，自从1990年以来，非法捕猎少了很多。根据时间状语since 1990可推知设空处用现在完成时；本句主语hunting为单数第三人称，故填has been。‎ ‎10．(2018·浙江宁波九校联考)It’s said that not getting enough sleep (lead) to poor judgement, lack of creativity, and even depression.‎ 解析：leads　从句中主语“not getting enough sleep”是动名词结构，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据主句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，所以填leads。‎ 二、 ‎ 原创语篇练——练熟技法 阅读下面短文，根据本部分语法内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。注意使用上面的技法。‎ Every April, there 1 (be) a special day when people remember and honor their ancestors.It 2 (call) the Tomb Sweeping Day, also known as the Qingming Festival.‎ The Tomb Sweeping Day is a traditional Chinese festival.It 3 (begin) over 2,000 years ago.A lot of poems about Qingming 4 (write) by the end of the Tang Dynasty.A wellknown poem by the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu 5 (describe) the day: “Rains fall heavily as Qingming comes, and passersby with lowered spirits go.”‎ The Tomb Sweeping Day 6 (be) a public holiday on the Chinese mainland since 2008.On this day, families bring flowers, food and wine to their ancestors’ tombs.Cakes and fruits 7 (put) in front of the tombs.That’s because people think that visiting tombs during the ‎ Qingming Festival 8 (be) to show respect to their dead family members.However, the Tomb Sweeping Day is not only about this.During that time, the weather 9 (get) warm.So the Tomb Sweeping Day also means finally being able to garden and enjoy outdoor activities in China.It is not clear whether these ways of celebrating the Tomb Sweeping Day 10 (change) in the future.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统节日——清明节。‎ ‎1．is　根据时间状语Every April可知，用一般现在时。‎ ‎2．is called　句意：它被称为扫墓节，也以清明节为名。结合上文可知，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎3．began　由“over 2,000 years ago”可知，此处用一般过去时态。‎ ‎4．had been written　由“by the end of the Tang Dynasty”为“by the end of＋过去时间”可知，主句时态要用过去完成时，且动词write与poems之间构成被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎5．described　由“the Tang Dynasty”可知，此动作发生在过去。‎ ‎6．has been　由“since 2008”可知，主句时态应用现在完成时。‎ ‎7．are put　结合上文可知，此处指“在清明这天，家人们把蛋糕、水果放到他们祖先的坟墓前”，用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎8．is　结合上文可知，此处应用一般现在时。‎ ‎9．gets　结合上下文可知，此处应用一般现在时。‎ ‎10．will be changed　由“in the future”可知，此处指将来，意为：在将来，这些庆祝扫墓节的方式是否会改变还不清楚。方式是被改变的，故用被动语态。‎