2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十三)　理清段落结构之一并列

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十三)　理清段落结构之一并列

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十三) 　理清段落结构之一并列 并列式段落往往是列举两个事物或一个事物在不同情况下的相同或不同之处。利用这种段落结构可速判阅读七选五题型中的标题类题目，对把握文章主旨、理解全文大意至关重要。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2016•全国卷Ⅱ•阅读七选五节选 并列关系 ‎●　17　‎ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants， flowers， patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　18(E)　.However， there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.‎ ‎●Recall (回忆) your childhood memories ‎… ‎ 根据并列的段落标题，可知17题应为祈使句，可初步断定为A、B选项，由该段倒数第二句可知此题应选A项。‎ A．Know why you garden　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　‎ B．Find a good place for your own garden C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters ‎ D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have ‎[高考典例2]　2012•辽宁卷•C篇 In the past two decades， the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently， the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually included Chinese art， history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States， at the same time， are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.‎ So the old thinker’s ideas are still alive and well. ‎ Today China attracts the West more than ever， and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.‎ As for the old thinker， he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West， even if his birthday is.‎ 以前西方学习儒学和中国文化的情况。‎ 现在西方学习儒学和中国文化的情况。‎ ‎⇓总结出 孔子和中国文化对西方的影响。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019•江西赣中南五校第一次联考)In 2014 my best friend’s mother died of cancer. It was a tragedy, but as usual, Alice, my mother, used her power of healing and got his family back on their feet. If you asked my friends about my mother, they would say，“That woman has a heart of gold.” I agree one hundred percent.‎ I think the reason why she is such a wonderful person is that the Holy Spirit lives within her. She is very holy and has persuaded me to go to church with her every Sunday.‎ About six years ago my mom decided to pursue her lifelong goal of becoming a teacher. She knew it would be hard work raising three kids, doing housework and studying at the same time. However, she believed it would pay off. What my mother didn’t realize was that not all things pay off in this unfair world. After four hard years of school, she graduated on a warm spring day. It was unbelievable. My aunt drove up from Virginia to celebrate this fantastic day. It was the first time I had ever cried about being happy.‎ It’s strange how fast a life can change. Two months later, the unpredictable happened. My mother was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (多发性硬化症). I could not believe this could happen after all the good she had done for people. I was very confused and cried every day. My faith in God just disappeared and so did my mom’s dream of becoming a teacher.‎ Then, I decided I must move on with my life and accept the fact that she might never get better. Since my decision, I have become more mature, responsible and active in school and work. Through the years I have always been able to change negative situations into positive ones. I’m happy with my life now.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．Which of the following can best describe Alice?‎ A．Honest.　　　　　　　 　B．Helpful.‎ C．Greedy. D．Unconcerned.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“It was a tragedy, but as usual, Alice, my mother, used her power of healing and got his family back on their feet.”可知，母亲乐于帮助他人，故选B项。‎ ‎2．What else did Alice have to do when studying?‎ A．Drive a car and go to church.‎ B．Teach students and raise kids.‎ C．Do housework and teach at school.‎ D．Look after children and keep house.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“She knew it would be hard work raising three kids, doing housework and studying at the same time.”可知，母亲在学习的同时还要照顾孩子、做家务，故选D。‎ ‎3．According to the text, the author’s mother ________.‎ A．recovered from illness B．no longer had faith in God C．didn’t realize her dream as a teacher D．changed negative situations into positive ones unwillingly 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“My faith in God just disappeared and so did my mom’s dream of becoming a teacher.”可知，母亲因为患病，成为教师的梦想破灭了，故选C。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?‎ A．Fighting Against Kinds of Diseases B．Mother Gave Me Life Experience C．Belief in God Brought Me Good Luck D．How to Become a Responsible and Active Man 解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据文章的内容可推知，本文主要讲述了乐观的母亲对作者的积极影响，使作者成为一个积极面对生活的人，故选B。‎ B ‎(2019•绵阳诊断)David Rees runs a truly distinctive business.He charges customers $15 to sharpen their pencils to perfection, using a variety of tools.‎ I know what you’re thinking — is this a joke? The 39yearold gets asked that question a lot.To clarify everything, he even created a special section on his website telling everyone he’s actually providing a real service.‎ You can supply your own pencil or you can have Rees sharpen one of his own favorite 2B pencils.After that, he mails it to you in a display tube with the shavings in a separate bag, and an authentic certificate which just happens to mention the pencil is so sharp as to be a dangerous object.‎ To achieve the desired result, the master sharpener uses all kinds of tools, including general sandpaper, pocket knives and even a special $450 sharpening machine.“It depends on what the customer wants to use his/her pencil for，” he says.That determines the most appropriate pencilsharpening technique.Some customers buy pencils as inspirational symbols while others buy them because of their special memories of classic 2B pencils.‎ ‎$15 to have a pencil sharpened is a bit expensive though, right? You’re not the only one who feels that way, and David’s unique business has really angered lots of people, who talk of inequality in America, saying it is so insane for the wealthy to pay $15 to sharpen a pencil.But others will say, “This is just our urge to put an end to the welfare state because new ideas arise along with the business.”‎ David admits his trade is sort of unusual.But there are those who actually value his service, as is proven by the over 500 orders he has gotten.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一项为他人提供削铅笔的独特服务。‎ ‎5．How could David make money by sharpening pencils?‎ A．He invented new tools for the job.‎ B．He promoted his skill on his website.‎ C．He saved lots of time for other people.‎ D．He provided quality service for his customers.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“To achieve the desired result, the master sharpener uses ...even a special $450 sharpening machine.”可推知，David Rees给客户提供高质量的削铅笔服务，故选D。‎ ‎6．From his words, we can infer that David Rees ________.‎ A．knows all kinds of pencil users B．provides personalized services C．values ideas behind the pencils D．always writes in pencil 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It depends on what the customer wants to use ‎ his/her pencil for”可知，David Rees会给客户提供个性化的服务，故选B。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “insane” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A．Deliberate. B．Rewarding.‎ C．Unreasonable. D．Irresponsible.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“$15 to have a pencil sharpened is a bit expensive though, right？”，并结合第二段第一句“I know what you’re thinking — is this a joke？”可推知，此处的insane意为“十分愚蠢的，疯狂的”，C项与此意接近。deliberate“故意的”；rewarding“值得做的”；irresponsible“不负责任的”。‎ ‎8．What seems to be the author’s attitude to David Rees’ trade?‎ A．It’s a fancy service.‎ B．It has a good reputation.‎ C．It’s awfully expensive.‎ D．It wastes time and money.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据全文的整体内容可知，作者认为David Rees所提供的削铅笔服务是与众不同的、别致的，故选A。‎ C ‎(2019•成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)A fun way to learn about the people in the destinations you travel to around the globe is to drop into a friendly local bar off the beaten tourist track and enjoy a sip of something the region is famous for. To help you have fun, we’ve rounded up how to say “Cheers！” around the world.‎ Who doesn’t dream of living the good life in France? The food alone is well worth the trip since the French basically invented fine cuisine. They also invented a little golden liquid called the Champagne! Just before your first sip, look at your friends in the eyes and simply say their “cheers”： à votre santé！‎ Is it just us, or is the Italian treat called prosecco sweeping the nation by storm? It’s lovely anytime: brunch, to celebrate something, or just to slowly sip while catching up with a dear friend. It originated in Italy’s Veneto region but is now available all over the world. When in Italy, the most common toast is “cin cin”， which has its origins in China. However, do not use this as a toast in Japan. It is what could get you kicked out of a bar or possibly the entire country. If you find yourself in the land of Japan, stick with “kampai”， which means “cheers！”‎ If you haven’t been to Ireland — what are you waiting for? It’s the friendliest place, and one of the funniest on the planet, and the pubs are full of stories, where locals and visitors gather to lift a glass of Guinness. The Irish language can be a bit tricky for visitors to grasp but, again, practice makes perfect. Simply say，“Slàinte mhath.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在不同国家和地区，如何表达“干杯”体现了当地的文化和风情。本文分别介绍了在法国、意大利、日本和爱尔兰如何表达“干杯”。‎ ‎9．What is the French way of saying “Cheers”？‎ A．À votre santé. B．Cin cin.‎ C．Kampai. D．Slàinte mhath.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“Just before your first sip, look at your friends in the eyes and simply say their ’cheers’： à votre santé！”可知，在法国，干杯时说“à votre santé！”，故A项正确。‎ ‎10．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．The Italian wine. B．A toast from China.‎ C．A Japanese custom. D．A French expression.‎ 解析：选B　代词指代题。根据第三段第四、五句“When in Italy, the most common toast is ’cin cin’， which has its origins in China. However, do not use this as a toast in Japan.”可知，意大利常见的祝酒词是“cin cin”，起源于中国；然而在日本，不要把这个当作祝酒词。结合该句“It is what could get you kicked out of a bar or possibly the entire country.”可知，这种起源于中国的祝酒词可能让你在日本被赶出酒吧；据此可知，It指代源于中国的祝酒词，故B项正确。‎ ‎11．What can we learn about Ireland from the text?‎ A．It is famous for food. B．Its language is simple.‎ C．It makes perfect wine. D．It is well worth visiting.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“It’s the friendliest place, and one of the funniest on the planet, and the pubs are full of stories, where locals and visitors gather to lift a glass of Guinness.”可知，爱尔兰是最友好的地方，也是世界上最有趣的地方之一，酒吧里充满了故事，在那里当地人和游客聚在一起举杯畅饮。据此可以判断，爱尔兰值得一游，故D项正确。‎ ‎12．What’s the main purpose of the text?‎ A．To introduce the worldfamous wine.‎ B．To show how to make friends in bars.‎ C．To give suggestions on drinking regionally.‎ D．To recommend some famous travel destinations.‎ 解析：选C　写作意图题。本文第一段最后一句“To help you have fun, we’ve rounded up how to say ’Cheers！’ around the world.”为文章的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了在不同国家和地区说“干杯”的方式；据此可以判断，本文旨在介绍在不同国家和地区如何说“干杯”，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Everyone knows how important trees are to the wellbeing of the earth.__1__ By providing shade for people to enjoy time outside, trees can shade our homes to keep them cooler in the summertime.They can hide unsightly (不美观的) views, reduce noise from nearby roads, and serve as windbreaks.Many types also produce flowers and fruit.These tall plants simply make our homes and neighborhoods more attractive.‎ Choosing Trees ‎__2__ Planting a tree is a longterm project.Large shade varieties, especially, take a long time to grow.And once planted, they are difficult to move.Trees can also be a significant financial investment, so it’s important to choose wisely.‎ ‎__3__ You may not have room to grow all the types you want to try.So take the time to choose a plant you like that also will grow well in the conditions you can provide.Trees vary widely in their need for space, light, and soil conditions.‎ Care Once you’ve made a choice, you’ll need to prepare your site for planting.You may need to clear the area of other vegetation and improve the soil with organic matter such as fertilizer and nutrients.If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read “How to Plant a Tree”．__4__‎ Providing proper care after it’s planted is also important.__5__ Feed regularly, water deeply, and prune (修剪) them carefully, so they become strong and healthy.Mature plants usually don’‎ t need to be watered or fertilized.‎ A．They also provide homes for wildlife.‎ B．Your success depends on proper planting.‎ C．Many yards have space for only a few large plants.‎ D．Young plants should be babied for the first few years.‎ E．They develop large root systems and can grow by themselves.‎ F．When you are planting trees, it’s wise to plan your selections carefully.‎ G．But do you know there are also many advantages of growing them in your own yard?‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了种树的一些注意事项。‎ ‎1．选G　空前讲述的是树对地球的重要性，空后讲述的是树给人们及其住所提供的诸多好处，前后意思上存在转折关系；且下文主要讲述的是如何自己种树，故选项G符合语境。‎ ‎2．选F　该部分的主题为Choosing Trees，主要讲述的是要谨慎地选择所种的树，故F项符合语境。下文中的“so it’s important to choose wisely”亦是提示。‎ ‎3．选C　根据空后内容可知，你可能没有足够的空间来种所有你想种的树，所以要选择能在你所能提供的条件中良好生长的树。空后内容围绕“空间”展开，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎4．选B　根据空前一句“If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read ’How to Plant a Tree’．”可知，自己种树时遵循指南很重要，空处承接上文，故选项B符合语境。‎ ‎5．选D　空前一句讲的是种完树后恰当的照料也很重要，空后一句叙述了具体的照料方法，空处连接上下文；末句中的“Mature plants”与此处形成对比，由此可推断空处讲的是对未成熟的植株的照料需要花一段时间，故选项D符合语境。‎