2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMendela-amodernhero单元学案（19页）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5NelsonMendela-amodernhero单元学案（19页）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit5Nelson Mendela-a modern hero单元学案 单元基础词汇语法回顾 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Jack is often told by his parents to be friendly to anybody even if he is ________(抨击)．‎ ‎2．Different people have different ________(看法)about open education.‎ ‎3．If you are interested in buying coloured business cards of high __________(质量)at a reasonable price, you need to use the Internet.‎ ‎4．We should give all children ________ (平等)opportunities to develop their special talents.‎ ‎5．Children should learn and obey the ________(原则)of the school first.‎ ‎6．The People's Republic of China was ________(成立)in 1949.‎ ‎7．In the end the soldiers succeeded in ________(逃跑) from prison and ran away.‎ ‎8．I promise that you will be __________(报答)for providing useful information about the missing child.‎ ‎9．I think Rose will become a good monitor, so I'd like to ________(投票)for her.‎ ‎10．Girls should have the right to be ________(教育)at school ‎ as boys do.‎ 答案 ‎1．attacked　2.opinions　3.quality　4.equal　5.principles ‎6．founded　7.escaping　8.rewarded　9.vote　10.educated Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Her ________ (devote) to the job left her with very little time.‎ ‎2．Russia won the bid for the 2018 World Cup because they got the most ________ (vote)．‎ ‎3．This position is ________ (equal) suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.‎ ‎4．They succeeded in ________ (escape) from the burning bus, which was a terrible experience.‎ ‎5．In some parts of the city, teachers have to deal with ________ (violent) in the classroom.‎ ‎6．He can't stand the ________ (fair) treatment.‎ ‎7．The enemy planes ________ (attack) the city, causing many deaths.‎ ‎8．After retiring from the basketball field, Yao Ming decided to get further ________ (educate) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University.‎ ‎9．The boy was ________ (reward) for bringing back the lost dog.‎ ‎10．Some students will ________ (active) answer teachers' questions while others just keep silent when asked any question.‎ ‎11．It seemed as if nothing had been achieved, but he will never lose ________.‎ ‎12．It was a prison from ________ no one could escape.‎ ‎13．The owner of the garden allowed us ______ (enter) the garden.‎ ‎14．My mother devoted most of her time to ________ (care) for my sick father.‎ ‎15．As ________ matter of fact, he was ________ lawyer.‎ ‎16．Because he has been out of ________ for months, the young man now depends on his parents for a living.‎ ‎17．With no one to turn ________ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.‎ ‎18．Free ________ worry, the woman lived a peaceful life.‎ ‎19．He was the first man ________ (explore) the outer space.‎ ‎20．I'm worried about ________ I can be admitted to the university.‎ 答案 ‎1．devotion　2.votes　3.equally　4.escaping　5.violence ‎6．unfair　7.attacked　8.education　9.rewarded ‎10．actively　11.heart　12.which　13.to enter　14.caring ‎15．a; a　16.work　17.to　18.of/from　19.to explore ‎20．whether Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Madame Curie, devoting to science, was a great ‎ woman.________‎ ‎2．After he heard the bad news, his face took on a worrying expression.________‎ ‎3．It worried the public was that Phelps should take drugs.________‎ ‎4．I became worried when I heard that he had attacked by an animal on the way home.________‎ ‎5．Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours they reach a decision.________‎ ‎6．The first time when I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big company.________‎ 答案 ‎1．devoting改为devoted　2.worrying改为worried ‎3．It改为What　4.attacked前加been ‎5．hours后加did　6.去掉when Ⅳ.语法填空 The air we breathe is freely available, without __1__ we could not survive more than a few minutes. For the most part, air is available to everyone, and everyone needs it. Some people use the air to sustain them while __2__ (sit) around and feel sorry for themselves. __3__ breathe in the air and use the energy it provides to make __4__ magnificent life.‎ Opportunity is in the same way; it is everywhere. It is so freely available that we take it __5__ granted. Yet opportunity alone is not enough to create success; it must __6__ (seize) and ‎ acted upon in order to have value. So many people are so __7__ (anxiety) to “get in” on a “ground floor opportunity”， as if the opportunity will do all the work. That's __8__ (possible). Just as you need air to breathe, you need opportunity to succeed. __9__， it takes more than just breathing in the fresh air of opportunity. You must make use of it. That's not up to the opportunity; that's up to you. It doesn't matter what “floor” the opportunity is on, but __10__ matters is what you do with it.‎ 答案 ‎1．which　2.sitting　3.Others　4.a　5.for　6.be seized ‎7．anxious　8.impossible　9.However　10.what Ⅴ.短文改错 As is known to all, drunk driving is strictly prohibited. Unluckily, I saw a traffic accident on my way home on last night. A car hit a motorbike. The motorbike driver was bad hurt and sent to hospital. After a while, a traffic police man came. Under the help of the people who witnessed the accident, the police man found out a truth. The driver of the car was drinking and his car went out of control. At last he was taken to the police station. All the people there think the car driver was to blame for this accident.‎ Which is reported in the news reports, drunk driving should be treated more seriously. It often causes many people lose their lives, such as the accident that happened in Hangzhou and Chengdu.‎ ‎ It is high time that we prevent drunk driving.‎ 答案 As is known to all, drunk driving is strictly prohibited. Unluckily, I saw a traffic accident on my way home last night. A car hit a motorbike. The motorbike driver was hurt and sent to hospital. After a while, a traffic police man came. the help of the people who witnessed the accident, the police man found out truth. The driver of the car was and his car went out of control. At last he was taken to the police station. All the people there the car driver was to blame for this accident.‎ is reported in the news reports, drunk driving should be treated more seriously. It often causes many people lose their lives, such as the that happened in Hangzhou and Chengdu. It is high time that we 或 drunk driving.‎ 单元能力训练与技巧指导 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Bessie Coleman Born in Texas, Coleman moved to Chicago to find a job, but she became interested in the stories she heard from pilots returning from World War Ⅰ.However, her race (种族) and her gender (性别) kept her out of flight schools in the U．S., so she made her way to France where she could learn flying.When she returned to Chicago, Coleman had difficulty finding jobs, so she chose to be a stunt (特技) pilot.She was the first black female pilot in the U．S.and was an inspiration to early pilots and to African Americans and Native Americans.‎ Bessica Raiche Bessica Raiche drove a car, shot guns and practiced medicine.Besides, she was an accomplished artist and musician.But on Oct.13, 1910, Raiche became the first American woman to make a flight in an aircraft by herself.Raiche's aviation career (航空职业) was short, as she moved to Southern California to focus on her career in medicine, later becoming president of the Orange County Medical Association.‎ Willa Brown Willa Brown was the first African American woman to earn both a pilot's license (1938) and a commercial license (1939)．As a former schoolteacher and social worker, Brown set up the Coffey School of Aeronautics at Chicago's Harlem Airport, which later ‎ became the first governmentapproved aviation training school for African Americans.‎ Peggy Whitson At 57, Peggy Whitson was the world's oldest spacewoman.She has spent 500 days off Earth — more than any other woman, and in 2008, she became the first female commander of the International Space Station (ISS)．She made her eighth space walk on March 30, 2017 and she beat the current record for women of 50 hours and 40 minutes of total spacewalking time.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四位女性飞行员。‎ ‎1．Why did Bessie Coleman move to France?‎ A．To acquire stunt skills.‎ B．To find a wellpaid job.‎ C．To take part in World War Ⅰ.‎ D．To achieve her flying dream.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段的“her race (种族) and her gender (性别) kept her out of flight schools in the U．S., so she made her way to France where she could learn flying”可知，Bessie Coleman到法国是想实现自己成为飞行员的梦想。‎ ‎2．Who made a contribution to aviation education?‎ A．Bessie Coleman.　 　 　　 B．Bessica Raiche.‎ C．Willa Brown. D．Peggy Whitson.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段的最后一句可知，Willa Brown创办了第一所政府支持的非裔美国人飞行训练学校。‎ ‎3．What can we know about Peggy Whitson?‎ A．She enjoyed her journey in space.‎ B．She set some surprising records.‎ C．She devoted herself to building the ISS.‎ D．She set other black women an example.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。由最后一段可知，宇航员Peggy Whitson创造了几项世界纪录。‎ ‎4．Which of the following do the four share?‎ A．They are outstanding women pilots.‎ B．They suffered discrimination at work.‎ C．They never received good education.‎ D．They have shown great creativity.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句、第二段的“Raiche became the first American woman to make a flight in an aircraft by herself”以及第三段和第四段的内容可推知，这四位都是杰出的女飞行员。‎ B Krubera Cave in the western Caucasus Mountains is the deepest known cave in the world. An international team prepared to descend into Krubera. The team members hoped to be the first cavers to reach a depth of 2,000 meters, brought five tons of equipment and other necessities with them, and established camps at key locations along the route. They worked for up to 20 hours each day.‎ In the third week, progress was blocked at 1,775 meters by a sump — a cave passage filled with water that gives cavers few ‎ options. There are basically three techniques available: dive through it, empty it, or go around it. Gennadiy Samokhin dove to the bottom but was disappointed. “No chance to get through，” he said. Searching for a way around the sump, Garcia Dils risked entering a waterfall of near freezing water and discovered that his dry suit had holes in it. “The water was so cold I lost the feeling in my fingers，” he said later. He, too, was unsuccessful.‎ Finally, two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream. The team was exhilarated. The passage led to yet another sump at 1,840 meters. After a short test dive, Samokhin emerged, smiling. There was a promising passage, he reported. But it would have to wait. After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.‎ Four weeks later, a team of nine Ukrainian cavers led by Yuri Kasjan went back to Krubera. Following the path opened by the previous team, they reached the sump at 1,840 meters relatively quickly. After much searching, a pit (坑), later named the Millennium Pit, was discovered that allowed them to pass the 2,000 meter depth. More pits and passages led them to 2,080 meters, a spot they named Game Over. But the caving game is never over. Deeper caves will probably continue to be discovered and call out to be explored.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了探察洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程。‎ ‎5．Why did the team return to the surface after nearly four weeks?‎ A．They were lacking in supplies.‎ B．They had achieved their goal.‎ C．They couldn't go through the sump.‎ D．They gave their task to Yuri Kasjan's team.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.”可知，因为物资逐渐短缺，探察洞穴者才被迫返回地面。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “exhilarated” probably mean?‎ A．Cheerful. B．Powerful.‎ C．Confused. D．Exhausted.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream”可知，两名队员找到了通过水坑的通道，所以他们很高兴，故选A。‎ ‎7．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．The features of Krubera Cave.‎ B．Famous caves around the world.‎ C．A journey of exploring Krubera Cave.‎ D．The importance of exploring Krubera Cave.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。本文讲述了探察洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程，故选C。‎ C We have slow food, slow travel, even slow journalism.The slow food movement reminds us of the value of locally produced, seasonal foods, just as slow travel brings us back to local traditions we miss as we fly off in search of peak experiences.In a 24hour news era, slow journalism avoids the demands of the breaking story, revisiting and reflecting on old news.In almost every area of life, we are turning towards a world, where time is not a luxury (奢侈品) but a resting place and slowness is almost a necessity.‎ But that doesn't happen in schools.Courses are forced into short half terms.From the moment we go through school gates to the time we get out again a few short hours later, there must be activity, busyness and speed.Reflection is out.We don't give students the time they need to read and they turn to secondrate substitutes instead.Why read Plato when you can read a book about Plato? The answer is that what Plato wrote is much more interesting, dramatic and enjoyable than any of the thousands of books that have been written about him.‎ I once met a friend, a published poet.“How's the poetry going？” I asked.“It's been a good week，” he replied.“I wrote three lines.” Would we accept that rate of return from our students?‎ Slow teaching means giving students time to read and ‎ think.How often do we demand immediate answers to our questions? Silence is more often uncomfortable than golden in the classroom.Slow teaching also means resisting the temptation (诱惑) to finish every discussion and bring thinking to an end.Slow teaching encourages us to work for as long as the topic demands, Additionally, slow teaching means giving students time to explore the natural world and scientific concepts and time to go outside the curriculum and further explore it.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在其他行业，人们似乎已经接受了慢节奏的生活方式，但在教育领域，慢节奏的教学仍遥不可及。‎ ‎8．What is suggested in the first paragraph?‎ A．People find it a luxury to enjoy time.‎ B．Being slow is becoming a movement.‎ C．Slowness is a recognized culture now.‎ D．It is difficult for people to slow down.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。结合第一段提到的慢饮食、慢旅行和慢新闻以及它们带来的好处可推知，慢节奏的活动已成为人们认可的一种文化。‎ ‎9．What can we know about students' present situation?‎ A．They live in a fastpaced world.‎ B．They are more silent than active.‎ C．They mainly focus on reflecting.‎ D．They lack good reading materials.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第二段的“there must be activity, busyness and speed.Reflection is out. We don't give ‎ students the time they need to read”，第三段的最后一句和最后一段可知，学校课程紧张，学生学习忙碌，甚至没有足够的时间思考、阅读、探索，即学生们处于一个快节奏的世界。‎ ‎10．How can students benefit from slow teaching?‎ A．They needn't have a long teaching period.‎ B．They can bring an end to every discussion.‎ C．They have enough time to think and learn.‎ D．They needn't answer every question in class.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知，通过慢教学，学生可以有足够的时间进行阅读、思考、探索和学习等。‎ ‎11．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Should school curriculums be changed?‎ B．It's time for a slow teaching revolution C．The way we read should be changed D．Is a speeddriven world out of date?‎ 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文主要表达了作者的一种主张，即slow teaching：减慢教学速度，给学生充分阅读、思考和探索的时间。‎ D Stephen Hawking Warns Humans Must Leave Earth Soon Professor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people. While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.‎ Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying ‎ climate change. Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”‎ Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space. The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years' time and send people to Mars by 2025”．‎ According to the BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space. Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program would excite (young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics (天体物理学) and cosmology (宇宙学)．”‎ Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet. He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources are being drained at an alarming rate. We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation (滥伐森林), and ‎ decimation (大批杀死) of animal species. We can be an ignorant and unthinking (考虑不周的) lot.”‎ The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere. He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe (航天探测器) to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today. It is clear that we are entering a new space age. We are standing at the threshold (开端) of a new era. Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.‎ 语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。‎ ‎12．According to Hawking, what is the first step for humans to spread out into space?‎ A．To send people to Mars.‎ B．To build a lunar base.‎ C．To send astronauts to the Moon.‎ D．To change the future of humanity.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。‎ ‎13．The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．speeded up B．stored C．used up D．explored 解析：选C　词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。‎ ‎14．What is Hawking's attitude towards the Earth's future?‎ A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.‎ C．Positive. D．Indifferent.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。‎ ‎15．The reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that ________.‎ A．the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger B．humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet C．a new and ambitious space program would excite young people D．astronauts have found a better world in space than the Earth 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Some people choose to live in a flat sharing with ‎ others.Others can't imagine leaving their perfect flats to live with lots of other people.‎ If you live alone, you're responsible for your own space.If you need your quiet space, you're guaranteed to have it.__1__ And you can catch up with work without being interrupted or have a long and undisturbed bath.‎ However, there's no one around if you need a helping hand.If something gets broken, you'll have to fix it yourself.__2__ You don't have friends at home to invite you out and help you meet people.There's no one at home to have a cup of tea with and talk about how your day was.‎ ‎__3__ Sometimes when you get home, the cake your colleague gave you as a thankyou present is mysteriously gone.Whenever you want a relaxing bath, there's no hot water left and someone wants to come in every five minutes.It's also rarely quiet.Someone always seems to have a birthday party when you want to go to bed early.‎ But in spite of all that, there can be some wonderful moments, like waking up to the sound of the hoover (吸尘器)．__4__ And when you come home after a long day, you find your housemates making pizza with leftover vegetables while you watch a film.__5__‎ So, what's your choice?‎ A．You can be alone quite a lot.‎ B．That's when it all seems worth it.‎ C．You don't have to share the sofa with anyone.‎ D．Living alone has become more popular in recent years.‎ E．It's not all good when you live with other people, though.‎ F．You will realize how important your friends and family are.‎ G．You will realize someone else is doing the cleaning for a change.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了独自生活以及与别人合住的优缺点。‎ ‎1．选C　本空承接上文，是对上一句“If you need your quiet space, you're guaranteed to have it.”的举例：如果你需要安静的空间，你肯定会拥有它。你不需要和别人分享沙发。‎ ‎2．选A　本空后两句是对这一处内容的具体说明：你不会收到舍友的外出邀请，也没有人和你在家里边喝茶边聊天；由此可推知，本空是指你会经常感到孤独。‎ ‎3．选E　根据下文内容可知，本段谈论了和别人住在一起也并不总是那么美好。‎ ‎4．选G　本空承接上一句中提到的那些美妙时刻中的一种情况：在吸尘器的声音中醒来，你会意识到有人正在打扫房间。‎ ‎5．选B　本空是对最后一段内容的概括：这些美妙的时刻会使你感到做出和别人住在一起这个选择是值得的。‎