四川洪雅县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解训练【五】

四川洪雅县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解训练【五】

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 四川洪雅县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解训练【五】 阅读理解训练 (2015·安徽) There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide.Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weighs anything，but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind.They also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.For animals their size， ants have been astonishingly successful，largely due to their wonderful social behavior. In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions，they organize their lives with a clear division of labor.Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization.Where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend primarily on pheromones (外激素)，chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.When an ant finds food，it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is.When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying，it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit. In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will readily take_on a creature much larger than themselves，attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy. Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years，far longer than dinosaurs.Because they think as one，they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts. 文章大意：文章主要讲的是蚂蚁。单个的蚂蚁显得微不足道，但成群结队的蚂蚁却蕴含着巨大的力量。 蚂蚁的数量之众，加起来可以与人类的重量相媲美。蚂蚁分布极为广泛，除了寒冷的山顶和两极地区，几 乎到处都有它们的踪影。 12．We can learn from the passage that ants are ________. A．not willing to share food B．not found around the poles C．more successful than all other animals D．too many to achieve any level of organization 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第一段“They also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.”可知答案，结冰的山顶和两极没有蚂蚁。 13．Ants can use pheromones for ________. A．escape B．communication C．warning enemies D．arranging labor 答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段“Where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 primarily on pheromones(外激素)”可知，我们使用声音和视觉来交流，而蚂蚁却使用外激素。 14．What does the underlined expression “take on” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Accept. B．Employ. C．Play with. D．Fight against. 答案：D 词义猜测题。根据“attacking in large groups and overcoming their target”可知， 这里指与比自己大的敌人战斗。 15．Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants? A．Their behavior. B．Their size. C．Their number. D．Their weight. 答案：A 推理判断题。根据第一段“largely due to their wonderful social behavior”和最后一 段“Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，...they think as one，they have a collective(集 体的)intelligence greater”可知，蚂蚁之所以能够存活下来，是因为它们的社会行为。 【2014 模拟】 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 Woman Uses Daughter's Key to "Steal" Car Charlie Vansant, a college student of Athens, Ohio who reported that his car was stolen, got a surprise when he learned a woman had mistaken it for her daughter's car and taken it－using her key． Kate Anderson became an accidental car thief when picking up her daughter's car near an Ohio University building last week． Anderson spotted the nickel-~ay Toyota Camry（银灰色丰田凯美 瑞）and used her daughter's key to unlock the car, start the engine and drive home-without realizing that the car wasn't her daughter's． When Charlie Vansant left class a short time later, he found only an empty parking spot．He first assumed the car had been towed, but when the police couldn't find a record of it, they took a theft report． The morning after Anderson took the car, her daughter discovered the Camry in the driveway wasn't hers．Anderson said she was able to find Vansant's name on paperwork in the glove compartment and look up his phone number on the website for the university． When Anderson told Charlie the car was in her driveway, "It sounded real suspicious at first, like may he she wanted to hold the thing for ransom（赎金）,”said Vansant． He eventually went 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 to the house with a police officer, where he was reunited with his car． According to police report, the ease was closed "because of mistaken car identity", Anderson wasn't charged． Vansant seemed to blame the car company more than the "thief"．"Her key fit not only my lock, but my ignition（点火装置） as well - so high-five for Toyota． I guess．" he said． 21．What does the underlined word "towed" mean in paragraph 3? A．removed B．damaged C．stolen D．sold 22．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Mrs．Anderson's daughter discovered the car her mother drove was not hers． B．Mrs．Anderson stole Charlie's car at the request of her daughter． C．Charlie had thought he had to give Anderson money to get his car back． D．Mrs．Anderson used her daughter's key to unlock Charlie's car and drive home． 23．What does Charlie mean by "h~-five for Toyota"? A． He is blaming Toyota for the poor quality of car keys． B． He should thank Toyota for returning his car． C． He wants to celebrate with Toyota for getting his car back． D． He thinks highly of Toyota for producing large quantities of cars． 24．What is likely to happen next according to the passage? A．Mrs．Anderson was charged with stealing a car． B．Charlie blamed Mrs．Anderson for mistakenly taking his car． C．Charlie would ask the Toyota Company to give him an explanation． D．The Toyota Company would give Charlie a new car as compensation． 【参考答案】21-24 ABAC 【2014 模拟】 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 Picture the scene: the battery on your mobile phone has run out． You can't make any calls for help and no one can contact you． You are all alone - well, not quite． Just reach into your pocket and take out a piece of sugar．Put it into the battery, wait a minute, and you're back on the phone． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 Thanks to a couple of American scientists, this situation could become real．Swadesh Chaudhuri and Derek Lovely have invented the "bacteria battery" - powered by bacteria that eats sugar and turns it into electricity． "This is a special organism," Lovely said．"You ean harvest enough electricity to power a cell phone battery for about four days from a spoonful of sugar．" In the past, bacteria batteries have been expensive and not long-lasting． But this battery uses more efficient bacteria that can turn 80 percent of sugar into electrical energy． This is 30 percent more than similar batteries can manage． The bacteria battery could become as small as a household battery． It's also cheap and stable, as sugar can be taken from waste and crops． But the sugar to electricity process is slow: it could take weeks for the bacteria to digest a cup of sugar．And it produces "greenhouse" gases which pollute the environment． The scientists understand there is a lot more work to be done． "It is still young," said Lovely．"Where we are now is where solar power was 20 0r 30 years ago．" But he believes the battery could be used in scientific equipment at the bottom of the ocean．Other ideas include using sugar in the blood to run medical devices in the human body, and taking sugar from animal waste to provide energy to power homes in rural areas． 25．This passage is mainly about_ ． A． how to change sugar into electricity B． a scientific invention of a new kind of bacteria battery C． a new way to reduce pollution caused by mobile phones D． a new kind of mobile phones and its future 26．Which of the following is not the strong point of the newly-developed battery? A． Convenient． B． Stable． C． Inexpensive． D． Quick． 27．The underlined sentence in the 7th paragraph actually means ． A． the bacteria battery shares some similarities with solar energy B． scientists will continue their work until they find solar power C． there is much room for the improvement of the bacteria battery D． the bacteria battery will get popular in 20 0r 30 years 28．According to the passage, who will find the bacteria battery less useful? A． Farmers． B． Divers． C． Doctors． D． Electricians． 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 【参考答案】25-28 BDCD 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界广东省汕头市质量监测试题】 Parents need to be good role models to help their children make sensible financial decisions, according to Adam Hancock and his team, from East Caronlina University in the US. Their work highlights that parents who argue about finances contribute to increasing credit card debt among their children during their students years. Their work is published online in Springer's Journal of Family and Economic Issues. Credit card debt among college students has been a growing concern for researchers and policymakers over the last decade. In addition, there is growing concern among educators that more students are dropping out of school, not because of academic failure, but because of financial reasons, and credit card especially. Hancock and colleagues' study is the first to examine how parental interactions, and financial knowledge and attitudes may have a cumulative effect（累 积效应）on the number of credit cards students own and their level of credit card debt. The researchers analyzed data for 420 undergraduate students from seven different American universities, who took part in the College Student Financial Literacy Survey. According to the online survey, nearly two-thirds of students had a credit card, and nearly a third had more than one. Those students who reported that their parents argued about finances were more likely to have more than two cards than the students whose parents who did not argue about finances. In terms of debt, those students who had two or more credit cards were nearly three times more likely to report having credit card debt over ＄500. The researchers conclude, "It is clear that the influence of parents cannot be neglected. Researchers, educators and policymakers should work in finding effective ways to increase the positive financial behaviors fo college students. We need to help students learn financial skills and establish healthy financial attitudes at earlier ages to prevent poor financial habits from taking root." 26. In Adam Hancock's research, student's credit card debt is related to their _________. A.knowledge B.concerns C.school D.parents 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由“Their work highlights that parents who argue about finances contribute to increasing credit card debt among their children during their students years.”可知学生的 信用卡债务和他们的父母有关。故选 D。 27. When college students have credit card debt, they may ________. A.quit school B.fail in their exams C.study financial knowledge D.have more credit cards 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。由“there is growing concern among educators that more students are dropping out of school, not because of academic failure, but because of financial reasons, and credit card especially.”可知大学生有信用卡债务时，他们就可能退学。故选 A。 28. What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A. More than 400 students i a university took the survey. B. The survey was conducted with the paper questionnaire. C. Nearly all the students in this survey have credit cards. D. Students have fewer cards if their parents argue more. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。由“According to the online survey, nearly two-thirds of students had a credit card, and nearly a third had more than one.”可知在调查中，几乎所有学生都有信用卡。故选 C。 29. If you have two or more credit cards, you are more likely to ________. A.get wealthy B.have argument C.buy more things D.become in debt 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由“In terms of debt, those students who had two or more credit cards were nearly three times more likely to report having credit card debt over ＄500.”说明如果你有两 个或两个以上的信用卡，你更有可能负债。故选 D。 30. As a student, what can yo learn from the passage? A. We need to turn to our parents when we have credit card debt. B. We should build correct financial attitudes when we are young. C. We shouldn't have credit cards so that we can avoid argument. D. We can have more credit cards to make life more comfortable. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。由“We need to help students learn financial skills and establish healthy financial attitudes at earlier ages to prevent poor financial habits from taking root.”可知 我们在小的时候就应该树立正确的财政态度。故选 B。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界广东省汕头市质量监测试题】 If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.) Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed I some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant. Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.” 36. The team of doctors wanted to find out ________. A. why certain people age sooner than others B. how to make people live longer C. the size of certain people’s brains D. which people are most intelligent 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段“Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.”可知医生们想要研究出为什么一 些人比其他人老得更快。 37. On what are their research findings based? A. A survey of farmers in northern Japan. B. Tests performed on a thousand old people. C. The study of brain volumes of different people D. The latest development of computer technology. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。由“he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.”可知选 C。 38. The doctor’s test show that ________. A. our brains shrink as we grow older B. the front section of the brain does not shrink C. sixty-year-olds have the better brains than thirty-year-olds D. some people’s brains have contracted more than other people’s. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由“The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.”可知医生们的测试发现，一般而言，乡下人比 城镇里的人的大脑收缩的更早。故选 D。 39. The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5 means ________. A. something to be considered B. branches of knowledge studied C. persons chosen to be studied in an experiment 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 D. any member of a state except the supreme ruler. 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题。由“……but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.” 可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验中做研究的人。故选 C。 40. According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others? A. Lawyers. B. Farmers. C. Clerks. D. Shop assistants. 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。由“Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers,……”可知律师变老的 风险最小。故选 A。